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五、任务型阅读。
主题群:灾害防范 子主题:自然灾害与防范措施 语篇类型:记叙文 词数:360 难度:★★☆
The earthquake that hit San Francisco on April 18, 1906 shook down hundreds of thousands of dollars' worth of walls and chimneys(烟囱). But the following fire burned up hundreds of millions of dollars' worth of buildings and homes. Never before in history has a city been so completely destroyed. San Francisco is gone. The factories, the great stores and newspaper buildings, the hotels, and the great houses of the rich are all gone.
On Wednesday morning at a quarter past five, the earthquake came. A moment later, the disaster was a fact. South of Market Street, in the working-class neighbourhoods and in the factories, fires started. Within an hour of the first quake, the smoke could be seen 100 miles away. The sun was red in the dark sky. There was no stopping the fires. The firefighters to whom the task was given did their best but there was no way to organize or communicate. The railway tracks were now useless and there was no water in the water pipes. All of the ways men had made to keep the city safe were gone in the 30 seconds the earth moved.
By Wednesday afternoon, half of the heart of the city was gone. At that time, I watched the disaster from a ship on the bay. Out at sea it was calm. No wind came up. Yet strong winds blew upon the unlucky city from every direction, so the fire spread quickly. Soon, many buildings were gone.
Wednesday night saw the destruction of the very heart of the city. People had to make ruins of some of the city's best buildings so that they would not be a danger to those in the streets. Tens of thousands who had lost their homes left the city to look for shelter from the fires.
根据短文内容,回答问题。(每题答案不超过10个词)
1. Which was more destructive(破坏性的), the earthquake or the fire?
2. When did the earthquake occur(发生)?
3. Where was the writer?
4. Why did the fire spread so fast?
5. What's the passage mainly about?
主题群:灾害防范 子主题:自然灾害与防范措施 语篇类型:记叙文 词数:360 难度:★★☆
The earthquake that hit San Francisco on April 18, 1906 shook down hundreds of thousands of dollars' worth of walls and chimneys(烟囱). But the following fire burned up hundreds of millions of dollars' worth of buildings and homes. Never before in history has a city been so completely destroyed. San Francisco is gone. The factories, the great stores and newspaper buildings, the hotels, and the great houses of the rich are all gone.
On Wednesday morning at a quarter past five, the earthquake came. A moment later, the disaster was a fact. South of Market Street, in the working-class neighbourhoods and in the factories, fires started. Within an hour of the first quake, the smoke could be seen 100 miles away. The sun was red in the dark sky. There was no stopping the fires. The firefighters to whom the task was given did their best but there was no way to organize or communicate. The railway tracks were now useless and there was no water in the water pipes. All of the ways men had made to keep the city safe were gone in the 30 seconds the earth moved.
By Wednesday afternoon, half of the heart of the city was gone. At that time, I watched the disaster from a ship on the bay. Out at sea it was calm. No wind came up. Yet strong winds blew upon the unlucky city from every direction, so the fire spread quickly. Soon, many buildings were gone.
Wednesday night saw the destruction of the very heart of the city. People had to make ruins of some of the city's best buildings so that they would not be a danger to those in the streets. Tens of thousands who had lost their homes left the city to look for shelter from the fires.
根据短文内容,回答问题。(每题答案不超过10个词)
1. Which was more destructive(破坏性的), the earthquake or the fire?
The fire.
2. When did the earthquake occur(发生)?
At 5:15 on Wednesday morning.
3. Where was the writer?
On a ship on the bay.
4. Why did the fire spread so fast?
Because strong winds blew upon the city from every direction.
5. What's the passage mainly about?
The earthquake and fire in San Francisco.
答案
1. The fire. 2. At 5:15 on Wednesday morning. 3. On a ship on the bay. 4. Because strong winds blew upon the city from every direction.
5. The earthquake and fire in San Francisco.
5. The earthquake and fire in San Francisco.
解析
【分析】
这是一篇以细节考查为主的任务型阅读题，解题思路如下：1. 先通读所有题干，划出每个问题的核心定位关键词，比如第一题的more destructive、earthquake or fire，第二题的when，第三题的where、the writer等；2. 带着关键词回到原文对应段落精准查找匹配信息；3. 提取核心内容，严格遵循题干要求的"答案不超过10个词"的规则，剔除冗余信息，保证答案准确精简。
【解析】
1. 定位到原文第一段：地震仅造成价值数十万美元的建筑损毁，后续的大火烧毁了价值数亿美元的房屋建筑，对比可知火灾破坏性更强，直接提取核心信息即可。
2. 定位到原文第二段首句"On Wednesday morning at a quarter past five, the earthquake came."，将时间信息整理为规范表达即可。
3. 定位到原文第三段"At that time, I watched the disaster from a ship on the bay."，直接提取作者所在位置的信息。
4. 定位到原文第三段"Yet strong winds blew upon the unlucky city from every direction, so the fire spread quickly."，将原句的结果逻辑转换为对应原因即可。
5. 全文围绕1906年旧金山遭遇的地震以及后续引发的重大火灾展开，概括核心事件得到主旨答案。
【答案】
1. The fire.
2. At 5:15 on Wednesday morning.
3. On a ship on the bay.
4. Because strong winds blew upon the city from every direction.
5. The earthquake and fire in San Francisco.
【知识点】
细节信息定位，文本主旨概括，信息精简提取
【点评】
本题难度适中，绝大多数答案都可以通过原文直接定位获取，不需要复杂的句式改写，既锻炼学生快速扫读查找文本细节的能力，也考察了学生对记叙文核心事件的归纳能力，设置的字数限制也能引导学生养成答题精简、贴合要求的好习惯。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇以细节考查为主的任务型阅读题，解题思路如下：1. 先通读所有题干，划出每个问题的核心定位关键词，比如第一题的more destructive、earthquake or fire，第二题的when，第三题的where、the writer等；2. 带着关键词回到原文对应段落精准查找匹配信息；3. 提取核心内容，严格遵循题干要求的"答案不超过10个词"的规则，剔除冗余信息，保证答案准确精简。
【解析】
1. 定位到原文第一段：地震仅造成价值数十万美元的建筑损毁，后续的大火烧毁了价值数亿美元的房屋建筑，对比可知火灾破坏性更强，直接提取核心信息即可。
2. 定位到原文第二段首句"On Wednesday morning at a quarter past five, the earthquake came."，将时间信息整理为规范表达即可。
3. 定位到原文第三段"At that time, I watched the disaster from a ship on the bay."，直接提取作者所在位置的信息。
4. 定位到原文第三段"Yet strong winds blew upon the unlucky city from every direction, so the fire spread quickly."，将原句的结果逻辑转换为对应原因即可。
5. 全文围绕1906年旧金山遭遇的地震以及后续引发的重大火灾展开，概括核心事件得到主旨答案。
【答案】
1. The fire.
2. At 5:15 on Wednesday morning.
3. On a ship on the bay.
4. Because strong winds blew upon the city from every direction.
5. The earthquake and fire in San Francisco.
【知识点】
细节信息定位，文本主旨概括，信息精简提取
【点评】
本题难度适中，绝大多数答案都可以通过原文直接定位获取，不需要复杂的句式改写，既锻炼学生快速扫读查找文本细节的能力，也考察了学生对记叙文核心事件的归纳能力，设置的字数限制也能引导学生养成答题精简、贴合要求的好习惯。
【难度系数】
0.7
