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I 阅读理解
The earthquake in Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula on 30th July 2025 may have been one of the strongest ever recorded, with a magnitude（震级）of 8.7. But thanks to advances in science and technology, governments had enough time to warn and evacuate people before the tsunami arrived.
To understand how coastal communities are protected, you first need to know how tsunamis are formed. They are caused when the sea floor moves after an earthquake, landslide or volcanic eruption. This movement releases energy, which pushes a wave through the deep sea. Different from normal ocean waves caused by wind and storms, tsunami waves move through the whole depth of the water, not just the surface.
The first early warning system for the Pacific Ocean was set up in 1948. Since then, warning accuracy and speed have improved greatly. One key step was in 1963, when a worldwide network of seismometers（地震仪）was built. This made it easier to find the location and strength of an earthquake.
In 1978, this system was upgraded to a digital global network of seismometers, which could give more detailed information more quickly. Scientists could now estimate the earthquake’s size, where the ground split, and how it moved in three dimensions.
Today, 46 countries share data through the Pacific Ocean warning system. It uses both physical and statistical models to predict tsunami height. Satellites can now measure wave height directly from space using radar（雷达）. Forecast methods have also improved and scientists have even started using AI programmes to make predictions faster and more accurate.
However, tsunami height predictions are never precise—the height can be higher or lower than expected in different places. Early warning systems also depend on fast communication with the public. This includes mobile phone alerts（警报）, coordination（协调）between countries, clear safety advice, evacuation plans and regular tests of the alarm system. As a tsunami gets near the shore, it slows down to about the speed of a car, but it is still impossible to outrun it. The best choice is to act quickly and calmly.
1. How does the author present the topic?
A. By quoting an expert.
B. By giving a concept.
C. By giving an example.
D. By listing numbers.
2. What makes tsunamis more destructive?
A. The energy from disasters.
B. The waves caused by storms.
C. The movement of the sea floor.
D. The deep-sea water mass movement.
3. Which is true about the warning system?
A. The key step was finished in 1948.
B. Initial estimates can remain unchanged.
C. The earthquake size can’t be known.
D. AI programme usage makes prediction more reliable.
4. What’s the author’s suggestion in the last paragraph?
A. Timely reaction matters most.
B. We need more evidence.
C. Public awareness isn’t enough.
D. Further study is impossible.
The earthquake in Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula on 30th July 2025 may have been one of the strongest ever recorded, with a magnitude（震级）of 8.7. But thanks to advances in science and technology, governments had enough time to warn and evacuate people before the tsunami arrived.
To understand how coastal communities are protected, you first need to know how tsunamis are formed. They are caused when the sea floor moves after an earthquake, landslide or volcanic eruption. This movement releases energy, which pushes a wave through the deep sea. Different from normal ocean waves caused by wind and storms, tsunami waves move through the whole depth of the water, not just the surface.
The first early warning system for the Pacific Ocean was set up in 1948. Since then, warning accuracy and speed have improved greatly. One key step was in 1963, when a worldwide network of seismometers（地震仪）was built. This made it easier to find the location and strength of an earthquake.
In 1978, this system was upgraded to a digital global network of seismometers, which could give more detailed information more quickly. Scientists could now estimate the earthquake’s size, where the ground split, and how it moved in three dimensions.
Today, 46 countries share data through the Pacific Ocean warning system. It uses both physical and statistical models to predict tsunami height. Satellites can now measure wave height directly from space using radar（雷达）. Forecast methods have also improved and scientists have even started using AI programmes to make predictions faster and more accurate.
However, tsunami height predictions are never precise—the height can be higher or lower than expected in different places. Early warning systems also depend on fast communication with the public. This includes mobile phone alerts（警报）, coordination（协调）between countries, clear safety advice, evacuation plans and regular tests of the alarm system. As a tsunami gets near the shore, it slows down to about the speed of a car, but it is still impossible to outrun it. The best choice is to act quickly and calmly.
1. How does the author present the topic?
A. By quoting an expert.
B. By giving a concept.
C. By giving an example.
D. By listing numbers.
2. What makes tsunamis more destructive?
A. The energy from disasters.
B. The waves caused by storms.
C. The movement of the sea floor.
D. The deep-sea water mass movement.
3. Which is true about the warning system?
A. The key step was finished in 1948.
B. Initial estimates can remain unchanged.
C. The earthquake size can’t be known.
D. AI programme usage makes prediction more reliable.
4. What’s the author’s suggestion in the last paragraph?
A. Timely reaction matters most.
B. We need more evidence.
C. Public awareness isn’t enough.
D. Further study is impossible.
答案
[语篇导读]本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了海啸预警系统的发展及其对沿海社区的保护作用。
1. C 细节理解题。根据第一段“The earthquake in Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula...evacuate people before the tsunami arrived.”可知,作者开篇以2025年7月30日俄罗斯堪察加半岛地震引发海啸这一具体事件为例,引出海啸预警系统相关话题。
2. D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They are caused when the sea floor...move through the whole depth of the water, not just the surface.”可知,海啸发生时水体全深度的运动,是其破坏力更强的原因。
3. D 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Forecast methods have also improved and scientists have even started using AI programmes to make predictions faster and more accurate.”可知,人工智能程序的使用使预测更加可靠。
4. A 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“The best choice is to act quickly and calmly.”可知,作者认为及时做出反应是应对海啸的关键。
词汇积累
evacuate v. 疏散;撤离 coastal adj. 沿海的;靠近海岸的 landslide n. 滑坡;塌方 estimate v. 估算;估计 precise adj. 精确的;准确的 volcanic eruption 火山喷发 worldwide network 全球网络 in three dimensions 从三维角度;在三维空间 statistical model 统计模型
1. C 细节理解题。根据第一段“The earthquake in Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula...evacuate people before the tsunami arrived.”可知,作者开篇以2025年7月30日俄罗斯堪察加半岛地震引发海啸这一具体事件为例,引出海啸预警系统相关话题。
2. D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They are caused when the sea floor...move through the whole depth of the water, not just the surface.”可知,海啸发生时水体全深度的运动,是其破坏力更强的原因。
3. D 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Forecast methods have also improved and scientists have even started using AI programmes to make predictions faster and more accurate.”可知,人工智能程序的使用使预测更加可靠。
4. A 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“The best choice is to act quickly and calmly.”可知,作者认为及时做出反应是应对海啸的关键。
词汇积累
evacuate v. 疏散;撤离 coastal adj. 沿海的;靠近海岸的 landslide n. 滑坡;塌方 estimate v. 估算;估计 precise adj. 精确的;准确的 volcanic eruption 火山喷发 worldwide network 全球网络 in three dimensions 从三维角度;在三维空间 statistical model 统计模型
