二、阅读理解(真题·金华金东、婺城)
阅读下面材料,然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
①Zu Chongzhi was a famous mathematician and an important scientist in China. When he was a little boy, he took an interest in maths and science.

②Zu Chongzhi did something important with circles(圆). For example, he found π was very close to 3. 1415926 and 3. 1415927. It helps us know how big a circle is. He also wrote a great book on maths called Zhui Shu. Now, we can read this book in Chinese, Japanese, Korean and many other languages.
③Zu Chongzhi always kept thinking when he learnt something new. He didn't just believe what others said. He always wanted to check if they were right. After his hard work, he noticed something not true in the old calendar(日历) so he made a new one called “Daming Calendar”. Also he loved astronomy. He watched the stars at nights and wrote about his findings carefully, because he wanted to know how the stars moved across the sky.
④Zu Chongzhi holds an important place in the history of Chinese science and maths. His findings make lots of changes in science and maths. He is really a shining example for us.
()11. How does the writer introduce Zu Chongzhi in paragraph(段落) 2?
A. By using sayings. B. By giving examples.
C. By asking questions. D. By drawing pictures.
()12. Why did Zu Chongzhi make the “Daming Calendar”?
A. Because he wanted to be a famous scientist.
B. Because he didn't have money to buy calendars.
C. Because he found something wrong in the old calendar.
D. Because he didn't know how to use the old calendar at all.
()13. What does the underlined word “astronomy” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. A great book on maths. B. Information on circles and π.
C. A big country with a long history. D. Science about stars and the sky.
()14. Which of the following shows the best structure(结构) of the text?

A. ①
/ \
② ③
\ /
④
B. ①
/
②
/ \
③ ④
C. ①
/|\
② ③ ④
D. ① ②
\ /
③
|
④

11－14. BCDA

【分析】
1. 第11题：根据题干要求定位到第二段，段中出现“For example”，可判断介绍方式为举例子，据此选出正确选项。
2. 第12题：根据题干关键词“Daming Calendar”定位到第三段，找到原文中造该历法的原因，匹配对应选项。
3. 第13题：根据题干关键词“astronomy”定位到第三段，结合后文描述的“看星星、记录发现”的内容，猜测词义并匹配选项。
4. 第14题：通读全文，梳理各段落内容：第一段总述祖冲之身份，第二段讲数学贡献，第三段讲天文贡献，第四段总结地位，据此分析文章结构，选出对应选项。
【解析】
11. 细节理解题。定位到文章第②段，段中出现“For example”（例如），说明作者通过举例子的方式介绍祖冲之，对应选项B。A选项“用谚语”、C选项“提问”、D选项“画图”均不符合该段的介绍方式，排除。
12. 细节理解题。定位到文章第③段，原文提到“he noticed something not true in the old calendar so he made a new one called “Daming Calendar””，即祖冲之发现旧历法有错误，因此编制了大明历，对应选项C。A选项“想成为著名科学家”、B选项“没钱买日历”、D选项“不会用旧日历”均与原文不符，排除。
13. 词义猜测题。定位到文章第③段，后文提到“He watched the stars at nights and wrote about his findings carefully”，说明该词与观察星星、天空相关，意为“天文学”，对应选项D。A选项“数学著作”、B选项“圆和π的信息”、C选项“历史悠久的大国”均不符合语境，排除。
14. 文章结构题。通读全文：第①段总述祖冲之是中国著名数学家和科学家；第②段介绍其数学领域的贡献；第③段介绍其天文领域的贡献；第④段总结其历史地位。因此结构为①总起，②、③分述，④总结，对应选项A。
【答案】
11－14. BCDA
【知识点】
阅读理解、细节理解、词义猜测
【点评】
本题围绕中国古代科学家祖冲之展开，考查阅读理解中的细节查找、词义猜测及文章结构分析能力，题目难度适中，学生通过定位原文关键信息即可完成解答，是典型的信息提取类阅读题。
【难度系数】
0.7

三、词汇运用
A. 根据下列句子及所给的首字母，写出各单词的正确、完全形式。
15. Helen looked so sad. What h to her last night?
16. It took him a long time to get there because it's r hour.
17. I am looking f to hearing from you.
18. There are many beautiful flowers on both s of the river.
19. You shouldn't spend too much time playing o games. It's bad for your eyes and study.
B. 单词辨音。找出画线部分发音与其他单词不同的选项。
()20. A. mountain B. double C. encourage
()21. A. remove B. rope C. process
()22. A. friend B. piece C. believe
()23. A. healthy B. strawberryy C. why
()24. A. blind B. direction C. polite
C. 根据短文内容和所给中文提示在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。
One sunny day, the sun was 25 (照耀)brightly. My family 26 (驾驶)to the central park because there was a big 27 (节日). A lot of people went there and 28 (每个人)was excited. We walked around, and there were so many fun things to see and to do. We saw a little girl 29 (滑冰)beautifully. Some people played games and listened to music. The 30 (龙)dance on the square was really wonderful. It was 31 (这么)a great time! Then, there was a special 32 (时刻)when a voice came over the loudspeakers. It was a 33 (消息)about love and friendship. It made us feel 34 (温暖)inside. We know this was a day we would never forget.

15. happened 16. rush 17. forward 18. sides
19. online 20－24. AAACB
25. shining 26. drove 27. festival 28. everyone/everybody 29. skate/skating 30. dragon 31. such
32. moment 33. message 34. warm

【分析】本题为初中英语词汇运用综合题，分为首字母填空、单词辨音、中文提示填空三类题型。解题思路：1. 首字母填空需结合句意、时态及固定搭配，推断符合语境的单词；2. 单词辨音题需准确掌握各选项单词的音标，对比画线部分发音，找出不同项；3. 中文提示填空题需根据中文意思确定单词，同时注意单词的词性、时态、固定搭配等，确保形式正确。
【解析】
A. 首字母填空：
15. 句意：Helen看起来很难过，她昨晚发生了什么？“发生”对应happen，由last night可知用过去式happened；
16. 句意：他花了很长时间才到那里，因为是高峰时段。固定搭配rush hour表示“高峰时段”，故填rush；
17. 固定短语look forward to表示“期待”，故填forward；
18. 句意：河的两边有很多漂亮的花。both后接名词复数，side的复数是sides；
19. 句意：你不应该花太多时间玩网络游戏，这对你的眼睛和学习不好。online games表示“网络游戏”，故填online。
B. 单词辨音：
20. A选项mountain中画线部分发音为/au/，B选项double、C选项encourage中画线部分发音为/ʌ/，故选A；
21. A选项remove中画线部分发音为/uː/，B选项rope中画线部分发音为/əʊ/，C选项process中画线部分发音为/ɒ/，故选A；
22. A选项friend中画线部分发音为/e/，B选项piece、C选项believe中画线部分发音为/iː/，故选A；
23. A选项healthy、B选项strawberry中画线部分发音为/i/，C选项why中画线部分发音为/aɪ/，故选C；
24. A选项blind、C选项polite中画线部分发音为/aɪ/，B选项direction中画线部分发音为/ə/，故选B。
C. 中文提示填空：
25. 句意：太阳正明亮地照耀着，过去进行时was后接shine的现在分词shining；
26. 描述过去的动作，“驾驶”用drive的过去式drove；
27. “节日”对应名词festival；
28. “每个人”对应everyone或everybody；
29. 固定结构see sb doing sth，“滑冰”用skate的现在分词skating，也可填原形skate；
30. “龙”对应名词dragon，dragon dance为固定短语；
31. 固定结构such a + 形容词 + 名词，故填such；
32. “时刻”对应名词moment；
33. “消息”对应名词message；
34. feel后接形容词，“温暖”对应warm。
【答案】15. happened 16. rush 17. forward 18. sides 19. online 20.A 21.A 22.A 23.C 24.B 25. shining 26. drove 27. festival 28. everyone/everybody 29. skate/skating 30. dragon 31. such 32. moment 33. message 34. warm
【知识点】英语词汇运用、固定搭配、单词发音辨析
【点评】本题考查初中英语基础词汇的综合运用，涵盖三类常见词汇题型，重点考查基础词汇、固定短语、单词发音及时态词性，是对学生英语基础知识的常规检测，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6