登录
[热点素材](2025·原创)阅读理解。
人形机器人挑战马拉松
① Picture this: humanoid robots lining up, ready to join human runners in a 21-kilometer race. It sounds like a movie, but it really happened in April, 2025 at the world's first half-marathon半程马拉松 for humanoid robots in Beijing. Six out of 20 robot runners finished the race.
② Why is running so hard for robots? In fact, walking on two feet was not easy for us, either. It needed big changes in our bodies, like a shorter and wider pelvis骨盆. Humans started walking this way about 6 to 7 million years ago.
③ Humanoid robots copy how we walk using actuators执行器 and effectors效应器. Actuators give power to move; effectors, like arms and legs, help robots deal with the environment. All these parts must work together for robots to move.
④ Running a half-marathon is even harder. A humanoid robot needed to make about 250,000 joint关节 movements during the race. It also faced problems like the bumpy崎岖的 ground and short battery电池 life.
⑤ If it's so difficult for robots to move like us, why not build them differently? The reason is that our world, from doors to stairs, is built for humans. So, only humanoid robots can get around in these spaces.
1. [创新考法·行文方式] How does the writer begin the text?
A. By making a map.
B. By describing a picture.
C. By asking a question.
D. By telling a story.
2. When did humans start walking?
A. About 2 to 3 million years ago.
B. About 4 to 5 million years ago.
C. About 6 to 7 million years ago.
D. About 8 to 9 million years ago.
3. What does the underlined word "copy" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Do something like others.
B. Study something.
C. Come with somebody.
D. Take photos.
4. Which paragraph talks about the reason for building humanoid robots?
A. Paragraph 2.
B. Paragraph 3.
C. Paragraph 4.
D. Paragraph 5.
5. [创新考法·篇章结构] What would be the best structure of the passage?
A. ①/②③④/⑤
B. ①②③/④⑤
C. ①/②③/④⑤
D. ①②/③④⑤
人形机器人挑战马拉松
① Picture this: humanoid robots lining up, ready to join human runners in a 21-kilometer race. It sounds like a movie, but it really happened in April, 2025 at the world's first half-marathon半程马拉松 for humanoid robots in Beijing. Six out of 20 robot runners finished the race.
② Why is running so hard for robots? In fact, walking on two feet was not easy for us, either. It needed big changes in our bodies, like a shorter and wider pelvis骨盆. Humans started walking this way about 6 to 7 million years ago.
③ Humanoid robots copy how we walk using actuators执行器 and effectors效应器. Actuators give power to move; effectors, like arms and legs, help robots deal with the environment. All these parts must work together for robots to move.
④ Running a half-marathon is even harder. A humanoid robot needed to make about 250,000 joint关节 movements during the race. It also faced problems like the bumpy崎岖的 ground and short battery电池 life.
⑤ If it's so difficult for robots to move like us, why not build them differently? The reason is that our world, from doors to stairs, is built for humans. So, only humanoid robots can get around in these spaces.
1. [创新考法·行文方式] How does the writer begin the text?
A. By making a map.
B. By describing a picture.
C. By asking a question.
D. By telling a story.
2. When did humans start walking?
A. About 2 to 3 million years ago.
B. About 4 to 5 million years ago.
C. About 6 to 7 million years ago.
D. About 8 to 9 million years ago.
3. What does the underlined word "copy" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Do something like others.
B. Study something.
C. Come with somebody.
D. Take photos.
4. Which paragraph talks about the reason for building humanoid robots?
A. Paragraph 2.
B. Paragraph 3.
C. Paragraph 4.
D. Paragraph 5.
5. [创新考法·篇章结构] What would be the best structure of the passage?
A. ①/②③④/⑤
B. ①②③/④⑤
C. ①/②③/④⑤
D. ①②/③④⑤
答案
1. B；2. C；3. A；4. D；5. A
解析
【分析】
1. 第1题：题干问作者的开篇方式，需定位文章首段。首段第一句“Picture this: humanoid robots lining up...”是描述一个具体画面，对应选项B。
2. 第2题：题干要求找人类开始行走的时间，定位第二段最后一句，原文明确标注“Humans started walking this way about 6 to 7 million years ago”，对应选项C。
3. 第3题：题干猜测“copy”的词义，定位第三段，该段说明人形机器人用执行器、效应器模仿人类走路，“copy”意为“模仿，做和他人类似的事”，对应选项A。
4. 第4题：题干问阐述造人形机器人原因的段落，定位第五段，该段先提出疑问再说明核心原因（世界为人类建造，需人形机器人适配），对应选项D。
5. 第5题：题干要求分析篇章结构，第一段引入人形机器人半程马拉松事件；第二至四段分别围绕人类行走进化、机器人构造、比赛难度展开，均讲机器人跑步难的问题；第五段说明造人形机器人的原因，结构为①/②③④/⑤，对应选项A。
【解析】
1. 第1题：首段以“Picture this...”描述画面开篇，符合选项B的描述，故选B。
2. 第2题：根据第二段最后一句的明确表述，人类约600-700万年前开始直立行走，故选C。
3. 第3题：第三段说明机器人模仿人类走路的原理，“copy”意为“做和他人类似的事”，对应选项A，故选A。
4. 第4题：第五段专门阐述建造人形机器人的原因，故选D。
5. 第5题：文章结构为：①引入事件；②③④分析机器人跑步难的原因；⑤说明造人形机器人的原因，对应结构①/②③④/⑤，故选A。
【答案】1.B；2.C；3.A；4.D；5.A
【知识点】阅读理解（细节理解）、阅读理解（词义猜测）、阅读理解（篇章结构）
【点评】本题为科技类阅读理解题，考查细节查找、词义猜测、篇章结构分析，需学生快速定位原文关键信息，梳理文章逻辑，难度适中，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】0.6
1. 第1题：题干问作者的开篇方式，需定位文章首段。首段第一句“Picture this: humanoid robots lining up...”是描述一个具体画面，对应选项B。
2. 第2题：题干要求找人类开始行走的时间，定位第二段最后一句，原文明确标注“Humans started walking this way about 6 to 7 million years ago”，对应选项C。
3. 第3题：题干猜测“copy”的词义，定位第三段，该段说明人形机器人用执行器、效应器模仿人类走路，“copy”意为“模仿，做和他人类似的事”，对应选项A。
4. 第4题：题干问阐述造人形机器人原因的段落，定位第五段，该段先提出疑问再说明核心原因（世界为人类建造，需人形机器人适配），对应选项D。
5. 第5题：题干要求分析篇章结构，第一段引入人形机器人半程马拉松事件；第二至四段分别围绕人类行走进化、机器人构造、比赛难度展开，均讲机器人跑步难的问题；第五段说明造人形机器人的原因，结构为①/②③④/⑤，对应选项A。
【解析】
1. 第1题：首段以“Picture this...”描述画面开篇，符合选项B的描述，故选B。
2. 第2题：根据第二段最后一句的明确表述，人类约600-700万年前开始直立行走，故选C。
3. 第3题：第三段说明机器人模仿人类走路的原理，“copy”意为“做和他人类似的事”，对应选项A，故选A。
4. 第4题：第五段专门阐述建造人形机器人的原因，故选D。
5. 第5题：文章结构为：①引入事件；②③④分析机器人跑步难的原因；⑤说明造人形机器人的原因，对应结构①/②③④/⑤，故选A。
【答案】1.B；2.C；3.A；4.D；5.A
【知识点】阅读理解（细节理解）、阅读理解（词义猜测）、阅读理解（篇章结构）
【点评】本题为科技类阅读理解题，考查细节查找、词义猜测、篇章结构分析，需学生快速定位原文关键信息，梳理文章逻辑，难度适中，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】0.6
