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五、阅读理解。
| 主题群 | 子主题 | 语篇类型 | 难度 |
| ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| 自然生态 | 动物介绍
| 说明文 | ★★ |
Dolphins are not fish. They are mammals (哺乳动物). They live in groups and speak to each other in their own language. But they are quite different from almost all land animals. Their brains are as big as man's and they live a long life.
Like some animals, dolphins use sounds to help themselves find their way around. They also use these sounds to talk to each other and help themselves find food. They do not use their ears to receive sounds, but use the lower jaw—the lower part of the mouth.
It is strange that dolphins are friendly to mankind(人类), and for thousands of years, there are many stories about dolphins and mankind. In the 19th century, in a dangerous part of the sea near New Zealand, there was a dolphin. The seamen liked him very much and gave him a very good name, Jack. From 1888 to 1912, Jack met every boat in the area and showed it the way. One day, a man on a boat with the name "The Penguin" shot and hurt Jack. Luckily, the dolphin didn't die, and after a long time he was well again. He guided the ships through the area for years, but he refused to help the boat "The Penguin".
Today, some people still kill dolphins, but many countries protect them now. In these places, people are not allowed to kill them.
1. The underlined word "jaw" means "" in Chinese.
A. 下颌 B. 嘴巴 C. 嘴唇 D. 鼻子
2. How do dolphins find their way?
A. They use their jaws to find the way.
B. They use their hearts to find the way.
C. They use their eyes to find the way.
D. They use sounds to find the way.
3. Who was Jack?
A. A writer. B. A dolphin.
C. A seaman. D. A passenger.
4. According to the passage, which of the following is not true?
A. Dolphins are not fish.
B. Dolphins don't live in groups.
C. Dolphins are kind and friendly to people.
D. Dolphins can live a long life.
| 主题群 | 子主题 | 语篇类型 | 难度 |
| ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| 自然生态 | 动物介绍
| 说明文 | ★★ |Dolphins are not fish. They are mammals (哺乳动物). They live in groups and speak to each other in their own language. But they are quite different from almost all land animals. Their brains are as big as man's and they live a long life.
Like some animals, dolphins use sounds to help themselves find their way around. They also use these sounds to talk to each other and help themselves find food. They do not use their ears to receive sounds, but use the lower jaw—the lower part of the mouth.
It is strange that dolphins are friendly to mankind(人类), and for thousands of years, there are many stories about dolphins and mankind. In the 19th century, in a dangerous part of the sea near New Zealand, there was a dolphin. The seamen liked him very much and gave him a very good name, Jack. From 1888 to 1912, Jack met every boat in the area and showed it the way. One day, a man on a boat with the name "The Penguin" shot and hurt Jack. Luckily, the dolphin didn't die, and after a long time he was well again. He guided the ships through the area for years, but he refused to help the boat "The Penguin".
Today, some people still kill dolphins, but many countries protect them now. In these places, people are not allowed to kill them.
1. The underlined word "jaw" means "" in Chinese.
A. 下颌 B. 嘴巴 C. 嘴唇 D. 鼻子
2. How do dolphins find their way?
A. They use their jaws to find the way.
B. They use their hearts to find the way.
C. They use their eyes to find the way.
D. They use sounds to find the way.
3. Who was Jack?
A. A writer. B. A dolphin.
C. A seaman. D. A passenger.
4. According to the passage, which of the following is not true?
A. Dolphins are not fish.
B. Dolphins don't live in groups.
C. Dolphins are kind and friendly to people.
D. Dolphins can live a long life.
答案
1～4. ADBB
解析
【分析】本题是自然生态类说明文阅读理解，共4道题，分别考查词义猜测、细节理解、人物身份判断、信息正误判断。解题思路：1. 词义猜测题：结合上下文对jaw的解释确定词义；2. 细节理解题：定位原文中关于海豚找路方式的语句；3. 细节题：查找文中Jack的相关描述确定其身份；4. 细节判断题：逐一核对选项与原文内容，找出不符合原文的选项。
【解析】
1. 词义猜测题：根据第二段最后一句“but use the lower jaw—the lower part of the mouth”可知，jaw指嘴的下部，即下颌，对应选项A。
2. 细节理解题：根据第二段第一句“dolphins use sounds to help themselves find their way around”可知，海豚用声音找路，对应选项D。
3. 细节理解题：根据第三段“In the 19th century... there was a dolphin. The seamen... gave him a very good name, Jack”可知，Jack是一只海豚，对应选项B。
4. 细节判断题：根据第一段“They live in groups”可知，B选项“Dolphins don't live in groups”与原文不符；A、C、D均与原文一致，对应选项B。
【答案】ADBB
【知识点】词义猜测、细节理解、说明文阅读
【点评】本题围绕海豚的特性展开，属于基础说明文阅读，侧重考查学生对文章细节的把握能力，题目难度适中，适合巩固阅读基础。
【难度系数】0.7
【解析】
1. 词义猜测题：根据第二段最后一句“but use the lower jaw—the lower part of the mouth”可知，jaw指嘴的下部，即下颌，对应选项A。
2. 细节理解题：根据第二段第一句“dolphins use sounds to help themselves find their way around”可知，海豚用声音找路，对应选项D。
3. 细节理解题：根据第三段“In the 19th century... there was a dolphin. The seamen... gave him a very good name, Jack”可知，Jack是一只海豚，对应选项B。
4. 细节判断题：根据第一段“They live in groups”可知，B选项“Dolphins don't live in groups”与原文不符；A、C、D均与原文一致，对应选项B。
【答案】ADBB
【知识点】词义猜测、细节理解、说明文阅读
【点评】本题围绕海豚的特性展开，属于基础说明文阅读，侧重考查学生对文章细节的把握能力，题目难度适中，适合巩固阅读基础。
【难度系数】0.7
