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A
文化 知识 孔子「2026辽宁沈阳沈河期末」
Confucius: A Great Teacher
Confucius was a famous Chinese teacher. He lived more than 2,500 years ago. He was born in the Lu State. His father passed away when Confucius was young, so his mother had to raise him by herself.
As he grew up, Confucius did many jobs. He worked as a bookkeeper（簿记员）, a ranch manager, and a government worker. But what he loved most was teaching. At that time, only children from rich families could go to school. Confucius thought this was not fair. He believed everyone should have the chance to learn.
So, he opened private schools for students from all families. He welcomed anyone who wanted to study. In his life, Confucius taught about 3,000 students. He once said, “I have never grown tired of learning, nor tired of teaching others what I have learned.” This shows how much he loved learning and teaching.
Confucius also taught people how to be kind. He said people should love their parents and respect old people. He also said we should treat others the way we want to be treated. He believed that good people could build a better world.
Confucius’s students wrote down his ideas in a book called The Analects（《论语》）. This book became famous. For thousands of years, Chinese people have learned from it. His ideas helped shape Chinese families, schools, and culture.
Today, Confucius’ words are known in many countries. People see him as one of the greatest teachers in history. Through learning and teaching,
Confucius shows that one person can make a big difference.
1.Why did Confucius open private schools?
A.Because he thought everyone should have the chance to learn.
B.Because he wanted to make more money from teaching.
C.Because his mother asked him to help poor children.
D.Because he couldn’t find other jobs except teaching.
2.特色 考法 观点态度题 What can we infer about the writer’s attitude towards Confucius?
A.The writer believes Confucius’ ideas are useless today.
B.The writer disagrees with Confucius’ view on fair education.
C.The writer thinks Confucius was an unimportant person in history.
D.The writer admires Confucius for his contributions to education and society.
3.Where did Confucius’s students write down his ideas?
A.In a book named The Analects.
B.In a government document.
C.On the walls of his private school.
D.In letters to their families.
4.特色 考法 写作对象题 Who is this passage most probably written for?
A.Scientists who study ancient Chinese science.
B.Students who are learning about famous historical figures.
C.Farmers who want to know about ancient farming methods.
D.Doctors who are interested in traditional Chinese medicine.
B
情境 素材 黑猩猩研究先驱「2026广东广州天河汇景实验学校期中改编」
①British scientist Jane Goodall, known for her pioneering studies of chimpanzees（黑猩猩）, passed away on Oct 1, 2025, at the age of 91. She died of natural causes while on a speaking tour in the US.
②Born in England in 1934, Goodall had a natural love for wild animals and dreamed of working with them in Africa. In July 1960, aged 26, Goodall finally traveled to Tanzania and entered the little-known world of wild chimpanzees. Over the next 60 years, Goodall’s research changed how people understand human relationships with chimpanzees and introduced a new way to study wildlife.
③Goodall’s research was pioneering because she lived closely with wild chimpanzee groups to learn about their social lives. She gave names to each chimp and formed close relationships with them, learning how similar they were to us. She saw that chimpanzees have complex（复杂的） social lives and different characters, such as being shy or outgoing.
④Two of Goodall’s most important discoveries came in 1960. That year, she saw a group of chimpanzees eating red meat, challenging the old idea that chimps only ate plants. She also saw something even more surprising—a male（雄性的） chimpanzee making and using tools. This finding changed the old idea that humans were the only animals that use tools. Since then, scientists have found evidence（证据） of tool use in many parts of the animal world.
⑤After many years of research, Jane wanted to do more to protect animals. She started the Jane Goodall Institute to help chimpanzees live safely in
the wild. She also created a youth program called “Roots & Shoots” to encourage young people around the world to work on environmental and conservation projects.
5.The word “formed” in paragraph 3 probably means “
A.developed B.found
C.lost D.broke
6.Which of the following is true about Goodall’s discoveries in paragraph 4?
A.Chimpanzees are more intelligent than humans.
B.Some earlier facts about chimpanzees were wrong.
C.Humans should stop studying chimpanzees.
D.Goodall’s research was not accepted by the scientific community.
7.Why did Jane start the “Roots & Shoots” program?
A.To teach chimpanzees how to use tools.
B.To encourage young people to help the environment and animals.
C.To build more zoos for chimpanzees.
D.To write books about her life in Africa.
8.What is the main purpose of the passage about Jane Goodall?
A.To show that a scientist can encourage and help people to care about nature.
B.To argue that chimpanzees should be protected and live with humans.
C.To explain that studying abroad is important and helpful in scientific research.
D.To prove that wild animals are dangerous and people should stay away from them.
9.特色 考法 人物形象题 What is Jane Goodall like according to this passage?
A.She’s wise and knows when to give up.
B.She’s untalented but hard-working.
C.She’s brave and cares about animals.
D.She’s shy and introverted（内向的）.
文化 知识 孔子「2026辽宁沈阳沈河期末」
Confucius: A Great Teacher
Confucius was a famous Chinese teacher. He lived more than 2,500 years ago. He was born in the Lu State. His father passed away when Confucius was young, so his mother had to raise him by herself.
As he grew up, Confucius did many jobs. He worked as a bookkeeper（簿记员）, a ranch manager, and a government worker. But what he loved most was teaching. At that time, only children from rich families could go to school. Confucius thought this was not fair. He believed everyone should have the chance to learn.
So, he opened private schools for students from all families. He welcomed anyone who wanted to study. In his life, Confucius taught about 3,000 students. He once said, “I have never grown tired of learning, nor tired of teaching others what I have learned.” This shows how much he loved learning and teaching.
Confucius also taught people how to be kind. He said people should love their parents and respect old people. He also said we should treat others the way we want to be treated. He believed that good people could build a better world.
Confucius’s students wrote down his ideas in a book called The Analects（《论语》）. This book became famous. For thousands of years, Chinese people have learned from it. His ideas helped shape Chinese families, schools, and culture.
Today, Confucius’ words are known in many countries. People see him as one of the greatest teachers in history. Through learning and teaching,
Confucius shows that one person can make a big difference.
1.Why did Confucius open private schools?
A.Because he thought everyone should have the chance to learn.
B.Because he wanted to make more money from teaching.
C.Because his mother asked him to help poor children.
D.Because he couldn’t find other jobs except teaching.
2.特色 考法 观点态度题 What can we infer about the writer’s attitude towards Confucius?
A.The writer believes Confucius’ ideas are useless today.
B.The writer disagrees with Confucius’ view on fair education.
C.The writer thinks Confucius was an unimportant person in history.
D.The writer admires Confucius for his contributions to education and society.
3.Where did Confucius’s students write down his ideas?
A.In a book named The Analects.
B.In a government document.
C.On the walls of his private school.
D.In letters to their families.
4.特色 考法 写作对象题 Who is this passage most probably written for?
A.Scientists who study ancient Chinese science.
B.Students who are learning about famous historical figures.
C.Farmers who want to know about ancient farming methods.
D.Doctors who are interested in traditional Chinese medicine.
B
情境 素材 黑猩猩研究先驱「2026广东广州天河汇景实验学校期中改编」
①British scientist Jane Goodall, known for her pioneering studies of chimpanzees（黑猩猩）, passed away on Oct 1, 2025, at the age of 91. She died of natural causes while on a speaking tour in the US.
②Born in England in 1934, Goodall had a natural love for wild animals and dreamed of working with them in Africa. In July 1960, aged 26, Goodall finally traveled to Tanzania and entered the little-known world of wild chimpanzees. Over the next 60 years, Goodall’s research changed how people understand human relationships with chimpanzees and introduced a new way to study wildlife.
③Goodall’s research was pioneering because she lived closely with wild chimpanzee groups to learn about their social lives. She gave names to each chimp and formed close relationships with them, learning how similar they were to us. She saw that chimpanzees have complex（复杂的） social lives and different characters, such as being shy or outgoing.
④Two of Goodall’s most important discoveries came in 1960. That year, she saw a group of chimpanzees eating red meat, challenging the old idea that chimps only ate plants. She also saw something even more surprising—a male（雄性的） chimpanzee making and using tools. This finding changed the old idea that humans were the only animals that use tools. Since then, scientists have found evidence（证据） of tool use in many parts of the animal world.
⑤After many years of research, Jane wanted to do more to protect animals. She started the Jane Goodall Institute to help chimpanzees live safely in
the wild. She also created a youth program called “Roots & Shoots” to encourage young people around the world to work on environmental and conservation projects.
5.The word “formed” in paragraph 3 probably means “
A
”.A.developed B.found
C.lost D.broke
6.Which of the following is true about Goodall’s discoveries in paragraph 4?
A.Chimpanzees are more intelligent than humans.
B.Some earlier facts about chimpanzees were wrong.
C.Humans should stop studying chimpanzees.
D.Goodall’s research was not accepted by the scientific community.
7.Why did Jane start the “Roots & Shoots” program?
A.To teach chimpanzees how to use tools.
B.To encourage young people to help the environment and animals.
C.To build more zoos for chimpanzees.
D.To write books about her life in Africa.
8.What is the main purpose of the passage about Jane Goodall?
A.To show that a scientist can encourage and help people to care about nature.
B.To argue that chimpanzees should be protected and live with humans.
C.To explain that studying abroad is important and helpful in scientific research.
D.To prove that wild animals are dangerous and people should stay away from them.
9.特色 考法 人物形象题 What is Jane Goodall like according to this passage?
A.She’s wise and knows when to give up.
B.She’s untalented but hard-working.
C.She’s brave and cares about animals.
D.She’s shy and introverted（内向的）.
答案
主题时文阅读
A
[语篇解读] 本文介绍了孔子的生平事迹、教育理念及其对后世的影响。
1.A 细节理解题。根据“Confucius thought this was not fair. He believed everyone should have the chance to learn.”和“So, he opened private schools for students from all families.”可知,孔子相信每个人都应该有学习的机会,因此他开设了私塾。故选A。
2.D 观点态度题。根据文章最后一段中的“People see him as one of the greatest teachers in history. Through learning and teaching, Confucius shows that one person can make a big difference.”可知,作者对孔子持肯定态度,这表明作者对孔子及其为教育和社会所做的贡献持钦佩态度。故选D。
3.A 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Confucius's students wrote down his ideas in a book called The Analects.”可知,孔子的学生们将他的思想记录在了一本名为《论语》的书中。故选A。
4.B 写作对象题。文章主要介绍了孔子的生平事迹、教育理念及其对后世的影响,这些内容对于学习历史人物的学生来说是非常有价值的。因此,这篇文章最有可能是为学习著名历史人物的学生们所写的。故选B。
B
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了英国科学家珍·古道尔的生平、在黑猩猩研究方面的开创性发现,以及她为保护动物和环境所做的努力。
5.A 词义猜测题。根据“She gave names to each chimp and formed close relationships with them”可知,她给每只黑猩猩起了名字,和它们形成了亲密的关系,故formed意为“使形成”,与developed意思相近。故选A。
6.B 推理判断题。根据“challenging the old idea that chimps only ate plants”和“This finding changed the old idea”可推知,以前有关黑猩猩的一些观点是错的。故选B。
7.B 细节理解题。根据“She also created a youth program called 'Roots & Shoots' to encourage young people around the world to work on environmental and conservation projects.”可知,她创立该项目是为了鼓励年轻人参与环境和动物保护。故选B。
8.A 写作目的题。文章介绍了珍·古道尔的科学研究和环保行动,旨在说明科学家可以鼓励并帮助人们关注自然。故选A。
9.C 人物形象题。她在年轻时就前往坦桑尼亚,和黑猩猩们近距离接触(这在当时是几乎没有先例的),说明她很勇敢;她研究黑猩猩数十年,积极号召人们保护动物,说明她关爱动物。故选C。
A
[语篇解读] 本文介绍了孔子的生平事迹、教育理念及其对后世的影响。
1.A 细节理解题。根据“Confucius thought this was not fair. He believed everyone should have the chance to learn.”和“So, he opened private schools for students from all families.”可知,孔子相信每个人都应该有学习的机会,因此他开设了私塾。故选A。
2.D 观点态度题。根据文章最后一段中的“People see him as one of the greatest teachers in history. Through learning and teaching, Confucius shows that one person can make a big difference.”可知,作者对孔子持肯定态度,这表明作者对孔子及其为教育和社会所做的贡献持钦佩态度。故选D。
3.A 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Confucius's students wrote down his ideas in a book called The Analects.”可知,孔子的学生们将他的思想记录在了一本名为《论语》的书中。故选A。
4.B 写作对象题。文章主要介绍了孔子的生平事迹、教育理念及其对后世的影响,这些内容对于学习历史人物的学生来说是非常有价值的。因此,这篇文章最有可能是为学习著名历史人物的学生们所写的。故选B。
B
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了英国科学家珍·古道尔的生平、在黑猩猩研究方面的开创性发现,以及她为保护动物和环境所做的努力。
5.A 词义猜测题。根据“She gave names to each chimp and formed close relationships with them”可知,她给每只黑猩猩起了名字,和它们形成了亲密的关系,故formed意为“使形成”,与developed意思相近。故选A。
6.B 推理判断题。根据“challenging the old idea that chimps only ate plants”和“This finding changed the old idea”可推知,以前有关黑猩猩的一些观点是错的。故选B。
7.B 细节理解题。根据“She also created a youth program called 'Roots & Shoots' to encourage young people around the world to work on environmental and conservation projects.”可知,她创立该项目是为了鼓励年轻人参与环境和动物保护。故选B。
8.A 写作目的题。文章介绍了珍·古道尔的科学研究和环保行动,旨在说明科学家可以鼓励并帮助人们关注自然。故选A。
9.C 人物形象题。她在年轻时就前往坦桑尼亚,和黑猩猩们近距离接触(这在当时是几乎没有先例的),说明她很勇敢;她研究黑猩猩数十年,积极号召人们保护动物,说明她关爱动物。故选C。
解析
【分析】
这是两篇英语阅读理解题，A篇介绍中国古代教育家孔子的教育理念与贡献，B篇介绍英国科学家珍·古道尔的黑猩猩研究及环保行动。解题时需先通读全文把握主旨，再根据不同题型的特点定位原文：细节题找原文对应句，观点态度题分析作者褒贬倾向，词义猜测题结合上下文语境，写作类题目关注内容受众/主旨，人物形象题从文中行为总结特质。
【解析】
A篇：
1. 细节理解题：根据第二段“Confucius thought this was not fair. He believed everyone should have the chance to learn. So, he opened private schools...”可知，孔子因认为人人应有学习机会才开设私塾，选A。
2. 观点态度题：根据最后一段“People see him as one of the greatest teachers in history... make a big difference”可知，作者对孔子持肯定钦佩态度，选D。
3. 细节理解题：根据倒数第二段“Confucius's students wrote down his ideas in a book called The Analects”可知，选A。
4. 写作对象题：文章围绕著名历史人物孔子展开，内容适合学习历史人物的学生，选B。
B篇：
5. 词义猜测题：根据第三段“formed close relationships with them”可知，formed意为“建立、形成”，与developed意思相近，选A。
6. 推理判断题：根据第四段“challenging the old idea that chimps only ate plants”“changed the old idea”可知，之前关于黑猩猩的一些观点错误，选B。
7. 细节理解题：根据第五段“Roots & Shoots to encourage young people... environmental and conservation projects”可知，选B。
8. 写作目的题：文章介绍珍·古道尔的研究与环保行动，旨在说明科学家能鼓励人们关注自然，选A。
9. 人物形象题：她赴非洲研究黑猩猩（勇敢）、推动动物保护（关爱动物），选C。
【答案】
1.A 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.A 9.C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节理解题、观点态度题、词义猜测题
【点评】
两篇时文阅读分别围绕孔子与珍·古道尔展开，涵盖多种常见英语阅读题型，侧重考查学生定位信息、推理判断及归纳能力，是典型的基础英语阅读练习题。
【难度系数】
0.6
这是两篇英语阅读理解题，A篇介绍中国古代教育家孔子的教育理念与贡献，B篇介绍英国科学家珍·古道尔的黑猩猩研究及环保行动。解题时需先通读全文把握主旨，再根据不同题型的特点定位原文：细节题找原文对应句，观点态度题分析作者褒贬倾向，词义猜测题结合上下文语境，写作类题目关注内容受众/主旨，人物形象题从文中行为总结特质。
【解析】
A篇：
1. 细节理解题：根据第二段“Confucius thought this was not fair. He believed everyone should have the chance to learn. So, he opened private schools...”可知，孔子因认为人人应有学习机会才开设私塾，选A。
2. 观点态度题：根据最后一段“People see him as one of the greatest teachers in history... make a big difference”可知，作者对孔子持肯定钦佩态度，选D。
3. 细节理解题：根据倒数第二段“Confucius's students wrote down his ideas in a book called The Analects”可知，选A。
4. 写作对象题：文章围绕著名历史人物孔子展开，内容适合学习历史人物的学生，选B。
B篇：
5. 词义猜测题：根据第三段“formed close relationships with them”可知，formed意为“建立、形成”，与developed意思相近，选A。
6. 推理判断题：根据第四段“challenging the old idea that chimps only ate plants”“changed the old idea”可知，之前关于黑猩猩的一些观点错误，选B。
7. 细节理解题：根据第五段“Roots & Shoots to encourage young people... environmental and conservation projects”可知，选B。
8. 写作目的题：文章介绍珍·古道尔的研究与环保行动，旨在说明科学家能鼓励人们关注自然，选A。
9. 人物形象题：她赴非洲研究黑猩猩（勇敢）、推动动物保护（关爱动物），选C。
【答案】
1.A 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.A 9.C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节理解题、观点态度题、词义猜测题
【点评】
两篇时文阅读分别围绕孔子与珍·古道尔展开，涵盖多种常见英语阅读题型，侧重考查学生定位信息、推理判断及归纳能力，是典型的基础英语阅读练习题。
【难度系数】
0.6
