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六、阅读表达
KEY→P29
范畴:人与社会 主题:科学发现 体裁:说明文 难度:★★★★ 建议用时:7分钟 评价:/3
请认真阅读下面短文,用英语回答短文后的问题。
Early risers are people who naturally wake up early in the morning. Their body clocks cause them to get up while most of us are still in deep sleep. Researchers at the University of California said early risers could have some shared DNA from Neanderthals—our ancestors who lived over 40,000 years ago. Neanderthals lived in northern parts of Europe and Asia. They woke up earlier to hunt for or gather food as the sun rose. Researcher Dr Tony Capra said, “At higher latitudes (纬度) it is good to have a body clock that is better able to change to match the changing seasonal light levels.” He added, “Having a ‘faster’ body clock makes individuals more likely to rise early.”
Scientists have spent a long time looking at why some people are early birds, while others are night owls. They looked at a medical database with genetic information about hundreds of thousands of people. They compared the DNA of people who said they were early risers with the Neanderthal DNA. Their research found more examples of Neanderthal DNA in the early risers. However, it is likely that the Neanderthal gene is not so strong in many people. The effect of the Neanderthal DNA may be weakening as the centuries pass. Our modern lifestyles mean many of us prefer sleeping in to leaving the comfort of our bed. However, it may still be true that the early bird catches the worm.
1. What causes some people to get up early in the morning?
2. Why did Neanderthals wake up earlier?
3. Do you think the DNA of late sleepers is related to that of Neanderthals? Why or why not?
参考词汇
完形填空 loan /ləʊn/ n. 贷款 prove /pruːv/ v. 证明
阅读理解 A electricity /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/ n. 电
阅读理解 B ceremony /ˈserəməni/ n. 典礼;仪式 redevelopment /ˌriːdɪˈveləpmənt/ n. 重建
阅读理解 C peak /piːk/ n. 顶峰;高峰 have something to do with 与……有关
阅读理解 D impressive /ɪmˈpresɪv/ adj. 令人印象深刻的 have a chance to ... 有机会……
信息还原 violent /ˈvaɪələnt/ adj. 暴力的 download /ˌdaʊnˈləʊd/ v. 下载
词汇运用 in order to 为了
短文填空 graduation ceremony 毕业典礼 set out 启程,出发
阅读表达 latitude /ˈlætɪtjuːd/ n. 纬度 individual /ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl/ n. 个人 database /ˈdeɪtəbeɪs/ n. 数据库 wake up 醒来
长难句解析
阅读理解 B
[原句] Mr Crisafulli said it was a choice between spending billions on temporary facilities and building a new home for AFL and cricket. (第七段第二句)
[翻译] 克里萨富利先生表示,这是在花费数十亿(美元)建设临时设施,与为澳大利亚澳式足球联盟和板球运动建造一个新场馆之间做出抉择。
[分析] 这个句子是主从复合句。Mr Crisafulli said 之后为宾语从句;宾语从句的主干是 it was a choice,between 引导的短语用作定语,修饰 choice。
阅读理解 C
[原句] But without English translations, the judges wouldn't have been able to read many of these award-winning books. (第五段第二句)
[翻译] 但如果没有英文译本,评委们就不可能读到这些已经获奖的众多书籍了。
[分析] 这是一个含有虚拟语气的句子。without English translations 是一个介词短语,在这里表示虚拟的条件,相当于 If there had been no English translations。
英语嗨吧
KEY→P29
范畴:人与社会 主题:科学发现 体裁:说明文 难度:★★★★ 建议用时:7分钟 评价:/3
请认真阅读下面短文,用英语回答短文后的问题。
Early risers are people who naturally wake up early in the morning. Their body clocks cause them to get up while most of us are still in deep sleep. Researchers at the University of California said early risers could have some shared DNA from Neanderthals—our ancestors who lived over 40,000 years ago. Neanderthals lived in northern parts of Europe and Asia. They woke up earlier to hunt for or gather food as the sun rose. Researcher Dr Tony Capra said, “At higher latitudes (纬度) it is good to have a body clock that is better able to change to match the changing seasonal light levels.” He added, “Having a ‘faster’ body clock makes individuals more likely to rise early.”
Scientists have spent a long time looking at why some people are early birds, while others are night owls. They looked at a medical database with genetic information about hundreds of thousands of people. They compared the DNA of people who said they were early risers with the Neanderthal DNA. Their research found more examples of Neanderthal DNA in the early risers. However, it is likely that the Neanderthal gene is not so strong in many people. The effect of the Neanderthal DNA may be weakening as the centuries pass. Our modern lifestyles mean many of us prefer sleeping in to leaving the comfort of our bed. However, it may still be true that the early bird catches the worm.
1. What causes some people to get up early in the morning?
Their body clocks.
2. Why did Neanderthals wake up earlier?
Because they wanted to hunt for or gather food as the sun rose.
3. Do you think the DNA of late sleepers is related to that of Neanderthals? Why or why not?
Yes, I do. Because it is likely that the Neanderthal gene is not so strong in these people according to the passage.（言之有理即可）
参考词汇
完形填空 loan /ləʊn/ n. 贷款 prove /pruːv/ v. 证明
阅读理解 A electricity /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/ n. 电
阅读理解 B ceremony /ˈserəməni/ n. 典礼;仪式 redevelopment /ˌriːdɪˈveləpmənt/ n. 重建
阅读理解 C peak /piːk/ n. 顶峰;高峰 have something to do with 与……有关
阅读理解 D impressive /ɪmˈpresɪv/ adj. 令人印象深刻的 have a chance to ... 有机会……
信息还原 violent /ˈvaɪələnt/ adj. 暴力的 download /ˌdaʊnˈləʊd/ v. 下载
词汇运用 in order to 为了
短文填空 graduation ceremony 毕业典礼 set out 启程,出发
阅读表达 latitude /ˈlætɪtjuːd/ n. 纬度 individual /ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl/ n. 个人 database /ˈdeɪtəbeɪs/ n. 数据库 wake up 醒来
长难句解析
阅读理解 B
[原句] Mr Crisafulli said it was a choice between spending billions on temporary facilities and building a new home for AFL and cricket. (第七段第二句)
[翻译] 克里萨富利先生表示,这是在花费数十亿(美元)建设临时设施,与为澳大利亚澳式足球联盟和板球运动建造一个新场馆之间做出抉择。
[分析] 这个句子是主从复合句。Mr Crisafulli said 之后为宾语从句;宾语从句的主干是 it was a choice,between 引导的短语用作定语,修饰 choice。
阅读理解 C
[原句] But without English translations, the judges wouldn't have been able to read many of these award-winning books. (第五段第二句)
[翻译] 但如果没有英文译本,评委们就不可能读到这些已经获奖的众多书籍了。
[分析] 这是一个含有虚拟语气的句子。without English translations 是一个介词短语,在这里表示虚拟的条件,相当于 If there had been no English translations。
英语嗨吧
答案
科学研究发现，早起的人可能与生活在4万多年前的尼安德特人有一些共同的 DNA，然而该研究也指出，很可能尼安德特人的基因在很多人身上并没有那么强。
1. Their body clocks.
2. Because they wanted to hunt for or gather food as the sun rose.
3. Yes, I do. Because it is likely that the Neanderthal gene is not so strong in these people according to the passage.（言之有理即可）
1. Their body clocks.
2. Because they wanted to hunt for or gather food as the sun rose.
3. Yes, I do. Because it is likely that the Neanderthal gene is not so strong in these people according to the passage.（言之有理即可）
解析
【分析】
做这道阅读表达题时，需先明确每个问题的核心，再带着问题回到原文定位对应信息：第1题问早起的原因，定位原文第一段找相关表述；第2题问尼安德特人早起的原因，定位第一段关于尼安德特人的内容；第3题是开放题，需结合第二段中关于尼安德特基因的描述，给出符合文本逻辑的回答。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段第二句“Their body clocks cause them to get up while most of us are still in deep sleep.”，可知早起的原因是生物钟，故答案为Their body clocks.
2. 定位原文第一段中关于尼安德特人的句子“They woke up earlier to hunt for or gather food as the sun rose.”，整理后得出答案。
3. 结合原文第二段“However, it is likely that the Neanderthal gene is not so strong in many people.”，可回答“是的，我认为有关，因为文中提到尼安德特人的基因在很多人身上并没有那么强”，符合要求即可。
【答案】
1. Their body clocks.
2. Because they wanted to hunt for or gather food as the sun rose.
3. Yes, I do. Because it is likely that the Neanderthal gene is not so strong in these people according to the passage.
【知识点】
英语阅读表达、细节信息查找、观点表达
【点评】
本题为说明文阅读表达，考查学生从文本中提取细节信息的能力，以及结合文本逻辑进行合理观点表达的能力，需准确定位原文内容，第三题需紧扣文本作答，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.4
做这道阅读表达题时，需先明确每个问题的核心，再带着问题回到原文定位对应信息：第1题问早起的原因，定位原文第一段找相关表述；第2题问尼安德特人早起的原因，定位第一段关于尼安德特人的内容；第3题是开放题，需结合第二段中关于尼安德特基因的描述，给出符合文本逻辑的回答。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段第二句“Their body clocks cause them to get up while most of us are still in deep sleep.”，可知早起的原因是生物钟，故答案为Their body clocks.
2. 定位原文第一段中关于尼安德特人的句子“They woke up earlier to hunt for or gather food as the sun rose.”，整理后得出答案。
3. 结合原文第二段“However, it is likely that the Neanderthal gene is not so strong in many people.”，可回答“是的，我认为有关，因为文中提到尼安德特人的基因在很多人身上并没有那么强”，符合要求即可。
【答案】
1. Their body clocks.
2. Because they wanted to hunt for or gather food as the sun rose.
3. Yes, I do. Because it is likely that the Neanderthal gene is not so strong in these people according to the passage.
【知识点】
英语阅读表达、细节信息查找、观点表达
【点评】
本题为说明文阅读表达，考查学生从文本中提取细节信息的能力，以及结合文本逻辑进行合理观点表达的能力，需准确定位原文内容，第三题需紧扣文本作答，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.4
