四、阅读理解
Great changes have been made in family life because of science and industry(工业).
In the past, when more Americans lived on farms, the typical(典型的)family had many children. In a farm family, parents and their children often lived with grandparents. Often, too, uncles and aunts lived nearby. But when industry becomes more important than agriculture in American life, families become smaller because industry needs workers who are ready and able to move off the land and to move again if necessary. And large families cannot be moved from place to place as easily as smaller families can. So, at present, people tend(倾向于)to have smaller families.
In the future, the typical families may have no children and are made up of a man and a woman. A small number of families may take raising children as their main work. At the same time they may also raise other people's children, leaving those families free to move from job to job.
()1. Which of the following topics is discussed in the passage?
A. Development of science and industry in America.
B. Influence of science and industry on American families.
C. Harmful effects of industrialization.
D. Social problems resulting from the highly developed science and industry in America.
()2. What kind of families is described in the passage?
A. Families of the past.
B. Families of the present and the future.
C. Families of the past and the future.
D. Families of the past, the present and the future.
()3. Who will take the chief responsibility(责任)of raising children in the future?
A. Most families. B. All families.
C. Social workers. D. A small number of families.

1. B 2. D 3. D

【分析】
做这篇阅读理解时，首先通读全文抓住开篇的核心主题句，梳理文章的时间线脉络：文章开篇直接点明核心是科技和工业发展给美国家庭生活带来巨大变化，之后按照过去、现在、未来的时间顺序介绍不同阶段美国家庭的特征，再对应每道题的题干要求回到原文定位信息，逐一比对选项排除错误项即可选出正确答案。第一题是主旨题，要排除只覆盖局部内容、偏离核心讨论对象的选项；第二题是细节归纳题，要把文中提到的所有时间阶段对应的家庭类型找全；第三题是细节题，直接定位最后一段关于未来育儿责任的描述就能得到答案。
【解析】
1. 第1题：文章第一句直接点明核心"Great changes have been made in family life because of science and industry"，全文都围绕科技和工业对美国家庭的影响展开。A选项只讲美国科技工业的发展，偏离核心讨论的家庭主题；C选项文中没有提到工业化的危害，属于无中生有；D选项讲科技工业带来的社会问题，文中没有涉及相关内容，因此选B。
2. 第2题：文中第二段先后提到了"In the past"的农场大家庭、"at present"的当下小家庭，第三段介绍了"In the future"的典型家庭特征，覆盖了过去、现在、未来三个阶段的家庭类型，因此选D。
3. 第3题：定位原文最后一段"A small number of families may take raising children as their main work. At the same time they may also raise other people's children"，说明未来只有少部分家庭承担抚养孩子的主要责任，其余选项都不符合原文表述，因此选D。
【答案】
1. B 2. D 3. D
【知识点】
1. 阅读理解主旨判断
2. 阅读理解细节定位
3. 说明文脉络梳理
【点评】
这是一篇介绍美国家庭演变的说明类阅读，整体内容直白、线索清晰，主要考查学生对全文主旨的把握能力和细节信息的检索能力，易错点是第一题容易误选A选项，要注意区分文章的核心讨论对象，不要把背景信息当成全文的主题。
【难度系数】
0.8