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四、阅读理解(共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)
A
Have you ever seen lightning in your life? Actually, lightning is not unusual. It hits the earth lots of times every day—about 8.6 million times! Lightning loves to hit the same places, especially tall, pointy (尖的) things, such as tall buildings and trees. Although it may look dangerous, it is just a common phenomenon (现象) in nature. There's no need to be afraid of it!
The Singing Sand Dunes
Have you ever heard a sand dune (沙丘) sing? In some deserts, when you walk down some sand hills, they make a loud and deep sound, almost like music! Scientists say this "singing" happens because the sand grains (颗粒) in these places are similar in size and shape. When the sand moves down the hill together, the grains touch and move against each other and make small shakes that sound like music. It's like a natural concert in the quiet desert!
The Moving Rocks
In a California desert, heavy rocks move by themselves and leave long lines in the mud. For many years, people didn't know why. Now, scientists have the answer! When a light rain falls at night, ice forms under the rocks. The next morning, sunlight makes the ice break into big pieces. Then, the desert wind pushes (推动) the ice, and the ice slowly pushes the rocks across the wet ground.
(
A. WEATHER.
B. WORLD.
C. NATURE.
D. MUSIC.
(
A. The Danger of Lightning
B. Lightning Likes Tall Buildings
C. Lightning in Your Life
D. Lightning Is Not Unusual
(
A. Because the wind blows through them in a special way.
B. Because they have empty spaces inside.
C. Because the sand grains are similar and they move together.
D. Because the heat in the desert makes the sound.
(
①The wind pushes the ice pieces. ②Sunlight breaks the ice. ③Ice forms under the rocks. ④The ice pushes the rocks.
A. ①②③④
B. ③②①④
C. ②①③④
D. ③①②④
(
A. To show strange things in deserts.
B. To share fun facts about nature.
C. To teach us how to study science.
D. To tell us that nature can be dangerous.
A
Have you ever seen lightning in your life? Actually, lightning is not unusual. It hits the earth lots of times every day—about 8.6 million times! Lightning loves to hit the same places, especially tall, pointy (尖的) things, such as tall buildings and trees. Although it may look dangerous, it is just a common phenomenon (现象) in nature. There's no need to be afraid of it!
The Singing Sand Dunes
Have you ever heard a sand dune (沙丘) sing? In some deserts, when you walk down some sand hills, they make a loud and deep sound, almost like music! Scientists say this "singing" happens because the sand grains (颗粒) in these places are similar in size and shape. When the sand moves down the hill together, the grains touch and move against each other and make small shakes that sound like music. It's like a natural concert in the quiet desert!
The Moving Rocks
In a California desert, heavy rocks move by themselves and leave long lines in the mud. For many years, people didn't know why. Now, scientists have the answer! When a light rain falls at night, ice forms under the rocks. The next morning, sunlight makes the ice break into big pieces. Then, the desert wind pushes (推动) the ice, and the ice slowly pushes the rocks across the wet ground.
(
C
)51. In which SECTION of the website can we read the news?A. WEATHER.
B. WORLD.
C. NATURE.
D. MUSIC.
(
D
)52. The best heading for the first piece of news would be "".A. The Danger of Lightning
B. Lightning Likes Tall Buildings
C. Lightning in Your Life
D. Lightning Is Not Unusual
(
C
)53. Why do some sand dunes sing according to the second piece of news?A. Because the wind blows through them in a special way.
B. Because they have empty spaces inside.
C. Because the sand grains are similar and they move together.
D. Because the heat in the desert makes the sound.
(
B
)54. What is the correct order of how the rocks move?①The wind pushes the ice pieces. ②Sunlight breaks the ice. ③Ice forms under the rocks. ④The ice pushes the rocks.
A. ①②③④
B. ③②①④
C. ②①③④
D. ③①②④
(
B
)55. What is the main purpose of the above news?A. To show strange things in deserts.
B. To share fun facts about nature.
C. To teach us how to study science.
D. To tell us that nature can be dangerous.
答案
51.C 52.D 53.C 54.B 55.B
解析
【分析】
1. 第51题：首先通读文章内容，三个板块分别介绍了闪电、鸣沙、移动的岩石，均属于自然现象，且第一段明确提到“it is just a common phenomenon in nature”，由此可判断这类内容属于自然板块。
2. 第52题：分析第一段主旨，段落开头点明“lightning is not unusual”，后续围绕闪电发生的频率、偏好击中的地点展开，最后强调无需害怕，核心是说明闪电是常见现象，所以要选能概括该主旨的标题。
3. 第53题：定位到第二段关于沙丘唱歌的原因描述，原文明确指出是因为沙粒大小形状相似，当它们一起移动时相互摩擦震动产生类似音乐的声音，只需匹配对应选项即可。
4. 第54题：梳理第三段中岩石移动的过程，按照时间顺序：夜晚降雨后岩石下形成冰→次日阳光使冰碎裂→沙漠风推动冰块→冰块推动岩石，据此排列步骤顺序。
5. 第55题：总结全文内容，文章介绍了三种自然中的趣味现象，没有聚焦沙漠怪事、科学学习方法或自然危险性，核心是分享自然里的有趣事实。
【解析】
51. 文章介绍的闪电、鸣沙、移动岩石都属于自然现象，且第一段提到“common phenomenon in nature”，因此属于NATURE板块，选C。
52. 第一段核心内容是说明闪电是常见的自然现象，并非强调其危险或仅描述偏好击中的物体，“Lightning Is Not Unusual”最能概括段落主旨，选D。
53. 根据第二段“Scientists say this 'singing' happens because the sand grains in these places are similar in size and shape. When the sand moves down the hill together...”可知，沙丘唱歌是因为沙粒相似且一起移动，选C。
54. 根据第三段描述，岩石移动的顺序为：③夜晚降雨后岩石下形成冰→②次日阳光打碎冰→①风推动冰块→④冰块推动岩石，对应顺序是③②①④，选B。
55. 文章分别介绍了三种自然中的有趣现象，目的是分享关于自然的趣味事实，选B。
【答案】
51.C 52.D 53.C 54.B 55.B
【知识点】
阅读理解主旨判断、细节定位、逻辑顺序梳理
【点评】
本文选取了三种有趣的自然现象，题目侧重考查学生对文章细节的定位能力、主旨概括能力以及逻辑顺序梳理能力，解题时需紧密结合原文内容，精准定位关键信息。
【难度系数】
0.7
1. 第51题：首先通读文章内容，三个板块分别介绍了闪电、鸣沙、移动的岩石，均属于自然现象，且第一段明确提到“it is just a common phenomenon in nature”，由此可判断这类内容属于自然板块。
2. 第52题：分析第一段主旨，段落开头点明“lightning is not unusual”，后续围绕闪电发生的频率、偏好击中的地点展开，最后强调无需害怕，核心是说明闪电是常见现象，所以要选能概括该主旨的标题。
3. 第53题：定位到第二段关于沙丘唱歌的原因描述，原文明确指出是因为沙粒大小形状相似，当它们一起移动时相互摩擦震动产生类似音乐的声音，只需匹配对应选项即可。
4. 第54题：梳理第三段中岩石移动的过程，按照时间顺序：夜晚降雨后岩石下形成冰→次日阳光使冰碎裂→沙漠风推动冰块→冰块推动岩石，据此排列步骤顺序。
5. 第55题：总结全文内容，文章介绍了三种自然中的趣味现象，没有聚焦沙漠怪事、科学学习方法或自然危险性，核心是分享自然里的有趣事实。
【解析】
51. 文章介绍的闪电、鸣沙、移动岩石都属于自然现象，且第一段提到“common phenomenon in nature”，因此属于NATURE板块，选C。
52. 第一段核心内容是说明闪电是常见的自然现象，并非强调其危险或仅描述偏好击中的物体，“Lightning Is Not Unusual”最能概括段落主旨，选D。
53. 根据第二段“Scientists say this 'singing' happens because the sand grains in these places are similar in size and shape. When the sand moves down the hill together...”可知，沙丘唱歌是因为沙粒相似且一起移动，选C。
54. 根据第三段描述，岩石移动的顺序为：③夜晚降雨后岩石下形成冰→②次日阳光打碎冰→①风推动冰块→④冰块推动岩石，对应顺序是③②①④，选B。
55. 文章分别介绍了三种自然中的有趣现象，目的是分享关于自然的趣味事实，选B。
【答案】
51.C 52.D 53.C 54.B 55.B
【知识点】
阅读理解主旨判断、细节定位、逻辑顺序梳理
【点评】
本文选取了三种有趣的自然现象，题目侧重考查学生对文章细节的定位能力、主旨概括能力以及逻辑顺序梳理能力，解题时需紧密结合原文内容，精准定位关键信息。
【难度系数】
0.7
