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二、阅读理解 从放牧到跑者之巅
素养:思维品质 难度:中 用时:7分钟
Joss Naylor is a sheep farmer from the Lake District. Among most people, his name means little, but in certain circles, he is known as one of the finest mountain runners to have ever lived.
Joss lives and breathes mountains. He has lived and farmed almost all his life in an area of the Lake District which has many mountains, including the tallest mountain in England. Joss has an almost superhuman ability to run at speed over mountains. However, he wasn't always a mountain runner. As a young man, he was advised to give up farming because of serious back problems. But, when he was 24, he was tired of being told to take it easy.
Nothing can stop a good man from being better! He continued working and took up running. When he ran his first mountain race, he discovered that he fell in love with it. All his time spent herding(放牧) sheep on the mountains had prepared him for this.
His achievements are nothing short of famous. For example, he smashed his own record and set a new one. At the age of 50, he ran up
214 mountains. "It is a wonderful experience though the practice is very hard," he said. Many of his runs have raised money for charity, and he is popular in the community.
He keeps writing and sharing his experiences about his climb. "I want people back home—especially family and friends who support me—to get a real feel for what it's like," he said.
1. Why is Joss famous in certain circles?
A. Because he is a well-known sheep farmer.
B. Because he is one of the best mountain runners.
C. Because he gets first place in his first mountain race.
D. Because he has raised too much money for charity.
2. What does the underlined word "smashed" in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Forgot. B. Lost.
C. Kept. D. Broke.
3. What can we know about Joss from the passage?
A. He won a writing competition once.
B. He made efforts to be a better man.
C. He gave up running when he was 24.
D. He had serious heart problems.
4. Which part of a magazine is the text probably taken from?
A. People. B. Business.
C. Nature. D. Science and Technology.
素养:思维品质 难度:中 用时:7分钟
Joss Naylor is a sheep farmer from the Lake District. Among most people, his name means little, but in certain circles, he is known as one of the finest mountain runners to have ever lived.
Joss lives and breathes mountains. He has lived and farmed almost all his life in an area of the Lake District which has many mountains, including the tallest mountain in England. Joss has an almost superhuman ability to run at speed over mountains. However, he wasn't always a mountain runner. As a young man, he was advised to give up farming because of serious back problems. But, when he was 24, he was tired of being told to take it easy.
Nothing can stop a good man from being better! He continued working and took up running. When he ran his first mountain race, he discovered that he fell in love with it. All his time spent herding(放牧) sheep on the mountains had prepared him for this.
His achievements are nothing short of famous. For example, he smashed his own record and set a new one. At the age of 50, he ran up
214 mountains. "It is a wonderful experience though the practice is very hard," he said. Many of his runs have raised money for charity, and he is popular in the community.
He keeps writing and sharing his experiences about his climb. "I want people back home—especially family and friends who support me—to get a real feel for what it's like," he said.
1. Why is Joss famous in certain circles?
A. Because he is a well-known sheep farmer.
B. Because he is one of the best mountain runners.
C. Because he gets first place in his first mountain race.
D. Because he has raised too much money for charity.
2. What does the underlined word "smashed" in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Forgot. B. Lost.
C. Kept. D. Broke.
3. What can we know about Joss from the passage?
A. He won a writing competition once.
B. He made efforts to be a better man.
C. He gave up running when he was 24.
D. He had serious heart problems.
4. Which part of a magazine is the text probably taken from?
A. People. B. Business.
C. Nature. D. Science and Technology.
答案
1. B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“but in certain circles, he is known as one of the finest mountain runners to have ever lived”可知,答案为 B。
2. D 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“set a new one”可推知,他打破自己保持的纪录,创造了新的纪录,因此 smashed 与 broke 的意义一致,故选 D。
3. B 推理判断题。
4. A 文章出处题。
语篇研读
主题和内容
本语篇主要介绍牧羊人 Joss Naylor,他克服背痛,凭借放牧经验成为顶尖山地跑者,屡破纪录并为慈善奔跑,常分享经历以回馈支持者。
意义和价值
通过对 Joss Naylor 遇到的困难及成功克服困难的经历的描述,使读者明白要克服困难取得成功,不仅要有优秀的个人品质(顽强的毅力,坚定的信念和永不放弃的精神等),还要有各方面的充分准备。
方式和方法
语篇类型:本文为记叙文,以时间顺序和因果线索展开,先介绍人物与矛盾,再讲其行动与成就,最终通过其分享与回馈收尾,意在讴歌其坚持与榜样作用。
篇章结构:本文为“总—分—总”结构,在文章开头(第1段)交代人物身份与总体评价,接着在文章主体部分(第2-4段)先点出背景和矛盾:生活环境,早年背痛被建议放弃(铺垫冲突);再说明成因与起点:不服输、开始跑步、第一次参赛爱上比赛;最后用事实证据与具体事例支持总述;在文章结尾(第5段)回声式结尾:将具体事例上升为人物动机与价值的总结,呼应开头。
亮点表达:文中运用词语,如“be known as”“take up”,以及“prepare... for”等,生动地展现了人物的坚持与榜样作用。
解析
【分析】本题为人物类阅读理解题，包含细节理解、词义猜测、推理判断、文章出处四类题型。解题时需根据每个问题的类型，定位原文对应段落，提取关键信息或结合上下文逻辑分析选项：第1题定位第一段找出名原因；第2题结合画线词后的语境猜测词义；第3题结合原文线索推理人物特点；第4题根据文章内容判断出处。
【解析】1. 细节理解题：根据第一段“but in certain circles, he is known as one of the finest mountain runners to have ever lived”可知，Joss在某些圈子出名是因为他是顶尖山地跑者之一，故选B。2. 词义猜测题：画线词后提到“set a new one（创造新纪录）”，结合语境可知smashed意为“打破”，与broke同义，故选D。3. 推理判断题：线索一提到“Nothing can stop a good man from being better! He continued working and took up running”，说明Joss努力成为更好的人；A项未提及写作比赛，C项是24岁开始跑步而非放弃，D项是背痛而非心脏病，故选B。4. 文章出处题：本文主要介绍人物Joss Naylor的经历，最可能出自杂志的People板块，故选A。
【答案】1. B；2. D；3. B；4. A
【知识点】阅读理解、词义猜测、推理判断
【点评】本题围绕人物Joss的经历展开，考查学生的信息定位、词义猜测、推理判断及文章出处判断能力，需学生仔细研读原文对应段落，结合线索分析选项，难度中等。
【难度系数】0.5
【解析】1. 细节理解题：根据第一段“but in certain circles, he is known as one of the finest mountain runners to have ever lived”可知，Joss在某些圈子出名是因为他是顶尖山地跑者之一，故选B。2. 词义猜测题：画线词后提到“set a new one（创造新纪录）”，结合语境可知smashed意为“打破”，与broke同义，故选D。3. 推理判断题：线索一提到“Nothing can stop a good man from being better! He continued working and took up running”，说明Joss努力成为更好的人；A项未提及写作比赛，C项是24岁开始跑步而非放弃，D项是背痛而非心脏病，故选B。4. 文章出处题：本文主要介绍人物Joss Naylor的经历，最可能出自杂志的People板块，故选A。
【答案】1. B；2. D；3. B
；4. A【知识点】阅读理解、词义猜测、推理判断
【点评】本题围绕人物Joss的经历展开，考查学生的信息定位、词义猜测、推理判断及文章出处判断能力，需学生仔细研读原文对应段落，结合线索分析选项，难度中等。
【难度系数】0.5
【语篇解构】阅读文章,补充下面的结构图(每空一词)
注:人物传记类语篇研读见答案 P14
注:人物传记类语篇研读见答案 P14
答案
1. back problems 2. the mountain race 3. Achievements 4. fifty/50 5. charity
解析
【分析】
本题为人物传记类语篇的结构补全题，需结合金字塔的三个层级（背景、转折点、成就）及对应句子提示，匹配人物Joss Naylor的相关信息完成填空。首先明确各层级功能：01层是人物基本背景，对应介绍身份与健康问题；02层是转折点，对应人物爱上某项活动的契机；03层是人物成就，对应跑步相关成绩，再结合句子关键词匹配对应词汇。
【解析】
1. 背景层“serious”后需填名词短语，结合人物健康相关信息，填back problems；
2. 转折点“fell in love with”后需填名词短语，结合“ran it for the first time”（it指代跑步类活动），填the mountain race；
3. 03层是成就类内容的标题，对应人物跑步取得的成绩，填Achievements；
4. “at the age of”后需填年龄，结合跑山成就的语境，填fifty/50；
5. “ran for”后需填目的相关名词，结合人物创纪录的语境，填charity。
【答案】
1. back problems 2. the mountain race 3. Achievements 4. fifty/50 5. charity
【知识点】
人物传记语篇结构、词汇搭配、信息提取
【点评】
本题通过金字塔结构梳理人物传记的核心脉络，考查学生对语篇层级的理解和关键信息的匹配能力，是基础的语篇解构题型。
【难度系数】
0.4
本题为人物传记类语篇的结构补全题，需结合金字塔的三个层级（背景、转折点、成就）及对应句子提示，匹配人物Joss Naylor的相关信息完成填空。首先明确各层级功能：01层是人物基本背景，对应介绍身份与健康问题；02层是转折点，对应人物爱上某项活动的契机；03层是人物成就，对应跑步相关成绩，再结合句子关键词匹配对应词汇。
【解析】
1. 背景层“serious”后需填名词短语，结合人物健康相关信息，填back problems；
2. 转折点“fell in love with”后需填名词短语，结合“ran it for the first time”（it指代跑步类活动），填the mountain race；
3. 03层是成就类内容的标题，对应人物跑步取得的成绩，填Achievements；
4. “at the age of”后需填年龄，结合跑山成就的语境，填fifty/50；
5. “ran for”后需填目的相关名词，结合人物创纪录的语境，填charity。
【答案】
1. back problems 2. the mountain race 3. Achievements 4. fifty/50 5. charity
【知识点】
人物传记语篇结构、词汇搭配、信息提取
【点评】
本题通过金字塔结构梳理人物传记的核心脉络，考查学生对语篇层级的理解和关键信息的匹配能力，是基础的语篇解构题型。
【难度系数】
0.4
