一、根据汉语注释或首字母提示写出单词
1. (湿地)are areas of land that are covered with water for all or part of the year.
2. Beneath the (表面)of the calm lake lies a rich ecosystem.
3. Ecosystems (包括)all the living and non-living things.
4. The clean wetland $\underline{h}$ many plants and animals.
5. A willow tree(柳树)stands beside the $\underline{p}$, its branches gently touching the water.

1. Wetlands 2. surface 3. include 4. holds 5. pond

【分析】
本题要求根据汉语注释或首字母提示填写正确形式的英语单词，解题时需结合句子语境、语法规则（如名词单复数、动词时态）来确定单词的正确形式。
【解析】
1. 汉语提示“湿地”对应单词wetland，句中be动词为are，主语需用复数形式，故填Wetlands；
2. 汉语提示“表面”对应名词surface，符合“湖面之下”的语境，故填surface；
3. 汉语提示“包括”对应动词include，主语ecosystems为复数，用动词原形即可，故填include；
4. 首字母为h，结合句意“干净的湿地容纳很多动植物”，主语wetland为单数，一般现在时中动词用第三人称单数形式，故填holds；
5. 首字母为p，结合“柳树在水边”的语境，对应名词pond（池塘），故填pond。
【答案】
1. Wetlands 2. surface 3. include 4. holds 5. pond
【知识点】
英语单词拼写、名词单复数、一般现在时
【点评】
本题为基础单词拼写题，考查根据汉语注释或首字母填写符合语境和语法的单词，难度较低，适合巩固基础词汇。
【难度系数】
0.8

二、选词填空
act sad store get rid of take in
1. Plants produce oxygen through sunlight and carbon dioxide.
2. The students in a Shakespeare play during the School Art Festival next month.
3. The community organized a project mosquitoes in our neighbourhood.
4. Ancient people used salt meat before fridges were invented.
5. , many traditional skills are disappearing in this digital age.

1. taking in 2. will act 3. to get rid of 4. to store 5. Sadly

【分析】
本题为英语选词填空题，需结合句子语境、语法结构及所给短语的含义，选择合适的短语并调整为正确形式填入空格。解题时，先通读每个句子明确语境，再根据句子的语法要求（如介词后接动名词、时态、非谓语形式、词性转换等）匹配对应短语，确保语义通顺、语法正确。
【解析】
1. 句意为“植物通过吸收阳光和二氧化碳产生氧气”，短语take in表示“吸收”；through是介词，后接动名词，故填taking in。
2. 句意为“学生们下个月校园艺术节将表演莎士比亚戏剧”，时间状语next month表将来，需用一般将来时，act表示“表演”，故填will act。
3. 句意为“社区组织项目来清除社区的蚊子”，短语get rid of表示“清除”；此处用不定式作目的状语，故填to get rid of。
4. 句意为“古代人在冰箱发明前用盐储存肉”，store表示“储存”；固定搭配use sth to do sth意为“用某物做某事”，故填to store。
5. 句意为“遗憾的是，数字时代很多传统技能正在消失”，此处需副词修饰整个句子，sad的副词形式为Sadly，故填Sadly。
【答案】
1. taking in 2. will act 3. to get rid of 4. to store 5. Sadly
【知识点】
动词短语用法、非谓语动词、词性转换
【点评】
本题考查常用动词短语的辨析及在具体语境中的形式运用，涵盖介词后接动名词、一般将来时、不定式作目的状语、固定搭配、词性转换等基础知识点，注重语境理解与语法规则的结合，是英语基础题型的典型考查方式。
【难度系数】
0.5

三、根据汉语完成句子
1. 湿地可以蓄水和防洪。
Wetlands can .
2. 海洋覆盖了地球表面约71%的面积。
The ocean .
3. 森林是重要的自然资源，为许多动植物提供栖息地。
resources, providing habitats .
4. 海洋产生地球上很大一部分的氧气。
The ocean .
5. 健康的生态系统有助于清除污染，保持环境清洁。
Healthy ecosystems help .

1. hold water and prevent floods 2. covers around 71% of the earth's surface 3. Forests are important natural; for many plants and animals 4. produces a large part of the earth's oxygen 5. get rid of pollution and keep the environment clean

【分析】
本题为根据汉语补全英语句子的基础题，解题时需结合汉语核心语义，匹配初中英语环境话题的常用固定短语，同时注意主谓一致（单数主语用动词三单）、help后接动词原形等语法规则，逐句补全空缺，确保语义准确、语法合规。
【解析】
1. 对应汉语“蓄水和防洪”，固定短语为hold water（蓄水）和prevent floods（防洪），故填hold water and prevent floods；
2. 主语the ocean为单数，一般现在时谓语用covers，“地球表面约71%的面积”译为around 71% of the earth's surface，故填covers around 71% of the earth's surface；
3. “森林是重要的自然资源”译为Forests are important natural，“为许多动植物提供栖息地”用固定搭配for many plants and animals，故填Forests are important natural; for many plants and animals；
4. 主语the ocean为单数，一般现在时谓语用produces，“地球上很大一部分的氧气”译为a large part of the earth's oxygen，故填produces a large part of the earth's oxygen；
5. help后接动词原形，“清除污染，保持环境清洁”对应固定短语get rid of pollution and keep the environment clean，故填get rid of pollution and keep the environment clean。
【答案】
1. hold water and prevent floods 2. covers around 71% of the earth's surface 3. Forests are important natural; for many plants and animals 4. produces a large part of the earth's oxygen 5. get rid of pollution and keep the environment clean
【知识点】
固定短语运用，主谓一致，动词搭配
【点评】
本题围绕环境话题考查初中英语基础短语与语法，难度较低，属于巩固基础的常规题型，学生只要掌握课本相关表达即可完成。
【难度系数】
0.7

四、阅读理解
Australia's ecosystems are in danger because of the invasion of the red fire ant, which is considered one of the most harmful invasive species in the world.
The small ant is native(本土的) to South America, but has spread to many countries in the world, causing huge harm to agriculture and ecosystems. It not only destroys crops and farms but also kills large numbers of native insects and other animals. The ant's painful sting(蜇伤) can cause serious allergies(过敏) in humans, which might even lead to death. The Minister for Agriculture calls these ants "super pests" because they do great harm to society, economy, and the environment.
Red fire ants were first found in Australia in 2001. They have largely been contained within the state of Queensland since then. However, Australia's Invasive Species Council(ISC) says the ants are spreading across the country because of floodwaters. They are holding onto each other to form "rafts(木筏)" on the water. An ISC statement said, "Red fire ants are more active before or after rainfall and can form large floating rafts, which move with the flow of the water to find places to stand in new areas." It warned that the red fire ants would reach "every corner of Australia" if the current(目前的) outbreak was not under control.
()1. What's the meaning of the underlined word "invasive" in Paragraph 1 in Chinese?
A. 入侵的
B. 土著的
C. 骄傲的
D. 养殖的
()2. What harm can red fire ants cause?
①They can destroy crops and farms.
②They can kill native insects and other animals.
③Their stings can cause allergies and even death in humans.
④They can pollute the air around them.
A. ①②③
B. ②③④
C. ①③④
D. ①②④
()3. How do red fire ants spread to other areas in Australia?
A. By boat.
B. By water.
C. By air.
D. By wind.
()4. Why does the writer mention the ISC statement?
A. To explain why red fire ants are good at hugging each other.
B. To study why red fire ants can form "rafts" on the water.
C. To tell us red fire ants spread very quickly through floodwaters.
D. To show the harm of red fire ants to the environment.
()5. What's the main idea of the passage?
A. Red fire ants are super pests.
B. Australia is facing all kinds of dangers.
C. People should try their best to kill red fire ants.
D. Deadly red fire ants are spreading across Australia.

1.A 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.D

【分析】
1. 第1题是词义猜测题，需结合上下文语境：第一段提到红火蚁从南美扩散到多国，是有害物种，“invasive species”指入侵物种，据此推测词义。
2. 第2题是细节理解题，需定位原文第二段，逐一核对选项，排除未提及的危害内容。
3. 第3题是细节理解题，定位第三段关于红火蚁扩散方式的描述，找到对应信息。
4. 第4题是推理判断题，需结合ISC声明的内容，明确其作用是说明红火蚁的扩散途径。
5. 第5题是主旨大意题，梳理全文核心内容，排除片面或无关选项。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据第一段“the invasion of the red fire ant”及“spread to many countries”，可知“invasive”意为“入侵的”，故选A。
2. 第2题：原文第二段明确提到红火蚁的危害：“destroys crops and farms（①）、kills native insects and other animals（②）、sting causes allergies even death（③）”，未提及“污染空气（④）”，故选A。
3. 第3题：第三段指出红火蚁“because of floodwaters...form rafts on the water...move with the flow of water”，说明其通过水扩散，故选B。
4. 第4题：ISC声明强调红火蚁随洪水形成木筏扩散，目的是说明其快速扩散的原因，故选C。
5. 第5题：全文围绕“红火蚁在澳大利亚扩散”展开，A仅强调是超级害虫（片面），B偏离主题，C未提及杀蚁，故选D。
【答案】
1.A 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.D
【知识点】
词义猜测题、细节理解题、主旨大意题
【点评】
本题为科普类英语阅读理解题，考查学生对词义、细节、主旨的理解能力，需精准定位原文信息，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6