五、完形填空。(2025·江苏连云港高新技术产业开发区一模)
On the dark night of 5th May in the year 1110, the Moon slowly disappeared. the stars could be clearly seen, the Moon couldn't be seen until nearly daytime. People their worries about it, but nobody knew what happened. For over 900 years, scientists have been trying to what caused the strange event. However, almost was able to come up with any ideas.
Now scientists have finally found the ______ —the eruption of a volcano(火山爆发). It happened in Japan's Mount Asama, from the beginning of September to the end of October in 1108, which lasted nearly two ______ . As a result, a lot of ash(灰) was produced. It moved ______ towards the sky. At last, the ash ______ people seeing the Moon.
But did scientists discover this? They looked at the ice Greenland and Antarctica. The huge ice was to scientific studies. It could what the climate(气候) was like a long period of time ago and what was in the air at that time. Scientists noticed that there was more volcanic ash in the around 5th May 1110.
Tree rings(树木的年轮) were also in getting the answer. The rings changed with the climate change. Scientists were able to see that the year 1109 was a cold and rainy year and that people to get enough food. This supported the idea that a volcano had erupted.
(
B. Though
C. Unless
D. If
(
B. remained
C. explained
D. expressed
(
B. give out
C. bring out
D. clear out
(
B. somebody
C. anybody
D. everybody
(
B. answer
C. position
D. purpose
(
B. weeks
C. months
D. years
(
B. certainly
C. slowly
D. simply
(
B. suggested
C. kept
D. minded
(
B. when
C. where
D. why
(
B. into
C. with
D. from
(
B. dangerous
C. strange
D. awful
(
B. offer
C. divide
D. show
(
B. snow
C. wind
D. ice
(
B. helpful
C. impossible
D. terrible
(
B. decided
C. failed
D. forgot
On the dark night of 5th May in the year 1110, the Moon slowly disappeared. the stars could be clearly seen, the Moon couldn't be seen until nearly daytime. People their worries about it, but nobody knew what happened. For over 900 years, scientists have been trying to what caused the strange event. However, almost was able to come up with any ideas.
Now scientists have finally found the ______ —the eruption of a volcano(火山爆发). It happened in Japan's Mount Asama, from the beginning of September to the end of October in 1108, which lasted nearly two ______ . As a result, a lot of ash(灰) was produced. It moved ______ towards the sky. At last, the ash ______ people seeing the Moon.
But did scientists discover this? They looked at the ice Greenland and Antarctica. The huge ice was to scientific studies. It could what the climate(气候) was like a long period of time ago and what was in the air at that time. Scientists noticed that there was more volcanic ash in the around 5th May 1110.
Tree rings(树木的年轮) were also in getting the answer. The rings changed with the climate change. Scientists were able to see that the year 1109 was a cold and rainy year and that people to get enough food. This supported the idea that a volcano had erupted.
(
B
)1. A. BecauseB. Though
C. Unless
D. If
(
D
)2. A. hidB. remained
C. explained
D. expressed
(
A
)3. A. find outB. give out
C. bring out
D. clear out
(
A
)4. A. nobodyB. somebody
C. anybody
D. everybody
(
B
)5. A. enemyB. answer
C. position
D. purpose
(
C
)6. A. daysB. weeks
C. months
D. years
(
C
)7. A. quietlyB. certainly
C. slowly
D. simply
(
A
)8. A. preventedB. suggested
C. kept
D. minded
(
A
)9. A. howB. when
C. where
D. why
(
D
)10. A. throughB. into
C. with
D. from
(
A
)11. A. usefulB. dangerous
C. strange
D. awful
(
D
)12. A. recordB. offer
C. divide
D. show
(
D
)13. A. rainB. snow
C. wind
D. ice
(
B
)14. A. meaninglessB. helpful
C. impossible
D. terrible
(
C
)15. A. refusedB. decided
C. failed
D. forgot
答案
1. B 【点拨】前后两句是让步关系,用though引导让步状语从句。故选B。
2. D 【点拨】根据“their worries about it”可知人们表达了他们对此事的担忧。故选D。
3. A 【点拨】根据“what caused the strange event”可知科学家查明导致这件事情的因素。故选A。
4. A 【点拨】根据“However, almost 4 was able to come up with any ideas.”可知此处表示“几乎没有人能解释”。故选A。
5. B 【点拨】根据“Now scientists have finally found the”可知科学家找到了这一奇怪事件的答案。故选B。
6. C 【点拨】根据“from the beginning of September to the end of October”可知此处是大约两个月。故选C。
7. C 【点拨】根据“It moved 7 towards the sky.”并结合上下文语境可知此处是慢慢地向着天空移动。故选C。
8. A 【点拨】根据“people seeing the Moon”可知火山灰阻止了人们看到月亮,这就导致月亮消失。故选A。
9. A 【点拨】根据“did scientists discover this”可知此处是如何发现这一点。故选A。
10. D 【点拨】根据“the ice 10 Greenland and Antarctica”可知此处是来自格陵兰岛和南极洲的冰层。故选D。
11. A 【点拨】根据“to scientific studies”可知这些冰层对科学研究有用。故选A。
12. D 【点拨】根据“what the climate(气候) was like a long period of time ago and what was in the air at that time”可知冰层可以展示之前的气候以及当时的空气。故选D。
13. D 【点拨】根据“They looked at the ice”可知在冰层中发现了火山灰。故选D。
14. B 【点拨】根据“in getting the answer”可知年轮有助于得到答案。故选B。
15. C 【点拨】根据“the year 1109 was a cold and rainy year”可知因为寒冷多雨,所以人们未能得到足够的食物,fail to do sth.未能成功做某事。故选C。
2. D 【点拨】根据“their worries about it”可知人们表达了他们对此事的担忧。故选D。
3. A 【点拨】根据“what caused the strange event”可知科学家查明导致这件事情的因素。故选A。
4. A 【点拨】根据“However, almost 4 was able to come up with any ideas.”可知此处表示“几乎没有人能解释”。故选A。
5. B 【点拨】根据“Now scientists have finally found the”可知科学家找到了这一奇怪事件的答案。故选B。
6. C 【点拨】根据“from the beginning of September to the end of October”可知此处是大约两个月。故选C。
7. C 【点拨】根据“It moved 7 towards the sky.”并结合上下文语境可知此处是慢慢地向着天空移动。故选C。
8. A 【点拨】根据“people seeing the Moon”可知火山灰阻止了人们看到月亮,这就导致月亮消失。故选A。
9. A 【点拨】根据“did scientists discover this”可知此处是如何发现这一点。故选A。
10. D 【点拨】根据“the ice 10 Greenland and Antarctica”可知此处是来自格陵兰岛和南极洲的冰层。故选D。
11. A 【点拨】根据“to scientific studies”可知这些冰层对科学研究有用。故选A。
12. D 【点拨】根据“what the climate(气候) was like a long period of time ago and what was in the air at that time”可知冰层可以展示之前的气候以及当时的空气。故选D。
13. D 【点拨】根据“They looked at the ice”可知在冰层中发现了火山灰。故选D。
14. B 【点拨】根据“in getting the answer”可知年轮有助于得到答案。故选B。
15. C 【点拨】根据“the year 1109 was a cold and rainy year”可知因为寒冷多雨,所以人们未能得到足够的食物,fail to do sth.未能成功做某事。故选C。
解析
【分析】
拿到这篇完形填空,首先第一步先通读全文,梳理文章主线:本文是一篇科普说明文,介绍了1110年出现的“月亮几乎消失”的奇特天象,数百年来无人能解释原因,最终科学家通过研究远古冰层和树木年轮,确认该现象是日本浅间山火山喷发产生的火山灰遮挡月球导致的。解题时要遵循“先抓主旨,再逐空匹配线索”的思路:每道题先判断前后句的逻辑关系,再结合上下文给出的提示信息(比如后文提到的时间、研究对象、事件因果),辨析选项的词义,排除不符合语境的选项,最终选出最贴合文意的答案,做完后还要代入全文通读验证逻辑是否通顺。
【解析】
1. 考查连词辨析。后半句“直到快天亮人们才能看到月亮”和前半句“星星能被清晰看到”是让步关系,意为“尽管星星都能清楚看见,月亮却直到临近天亮才出现”。A表原因的Because、C表条件的Unless、D表假设的If都不符合逻辑,选B。
2. 考查动词辨析。根据空后的“their worries about it”,可知人们对这一无法解释的异象表达了担忧。A隐藏、B保持、C解释都不符合语境,选D。
3. 考查动词短语辨析。根据后文“what caused the strange event”,可知科学家一直试图查明这一奇特事件的诱因。B分发、C使显现、D清理都不符合“查明真相”的语义,选A。
4. 考查不定代词辨析。根据句首的转折词However,说明和前文“科学家努力探寻”形成转折,几乎没有人能提出合理的解释。B某人、C任何人、D所有人都不符合转折后的语义,选A。
5. 考查名词辨析。前文提到数百年来没人能解释异象,现在科学家终于找到了对应的答案,也就是火山喷发。A敌人、C位置、D目的都不符合语境,选B。
6. 考查名词辨析。根据前文给出的时间“from the beginning of September to the end of October”,从9月初到10月末,持续时长接近两个月。A天、B周、D年都不符合时间推算,选C。
7. 考查副词辨析。大量火山灰产生后,是缓缓向高空移动,最终扩散到大气层遮挡月球。A安静地、B当然、D简单地都不符合火山灰升空的状态,选C。
8. 考查动词辨析。火山灰扩散后,阻挡了人们的视线,让人们看不到月亮,固定搭配prevent sb. (from) doing sth. 表示阻止某人做某事;keep的搭配是keep sb. from doing sth.,此处省略from不符合用法,B建议、D介意语义不通,选A。
9. 考查疑问词辨析。后文整段都在介绍科学家是通过研究冰层、年轮得到结论,对应提问的是“科学家是如何发现真相的”,提问方式用how。B提问时间、C提问地点、D提问原因都不符合后文的回答逻辑,选A。
10. 考查介词辨析。这里指科学家研究的是来自格陵兰和南极洲的冰。A穿过、B进入、C和都不符合语义,选D。
11. 考查形容词辨析。根据后文介绍冰层可以留存远古的气候、大气信息,说明这些巨型冰层对科学研究十分有用。B危险的、C奇怪的、D糟糕的都不符合语境,选A。
12. 考查动词辨析。这些冰层可以展示很久之前的气候状态,以及当时大气中的成分。A记录、B提供、C划分都不符合语义,选D。
13. 考查名词辨析。前文明确提到科学家的研究对象是两地的冰,所以他们在冰层中发现了1110年5月的火山灰痕迹。A雨、B雪、C风都不符合前文的研究对象提示,选D。
14. 考查形容词辨析。后文提到年轮的变化也能佐证火山喷发的结论,说明树木年轮对得到答案是有帮助的。A无意义的、C不可能的、D糟糕的都不符合语境,选B。
15. 考查动词辨析。前文提到1109年气候寒冷多雨,这样的气候条件下农作物难以生长,人们无法获得足够的食物,固定搭配fail to do sth. 表示未能成功做某事。A拒绝、B决定、D忘记都不符合因果逻辑,选C。
【答案】
1-5 BDAAB 6-10 CCAAD 11-15 ADDBC
【知识点】
连词辨析,词义语境辨析,固定搭配应用
【点评】
这是一篇科普类说明文完形填空,贴合近年中考完形的选材趋势,考点覆盖初中阶段核心的连词、动词、名词、形容词辨析,所有题目都能在前后文找到明确的提示线索,没有设置偏难怪的考点,既考查学生的词汇掌握能力,也锻炼学生通过上下文逻辑推导答案的阅读能力,难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.65
拿到这篇完形填空,首先第一步先通读全文,梳理文章主线:本文是一篇科普说明文,介绍了1110年出现的“月亮几乎消失”的奇特天象,数百年来无人能解释原因,最终科学家通过研究远古冰层和树木年轮,确认该现象是日本浅间山火山喷发产生的火山灰遮挡月球导致的。解题时要遵循“先抓主旨,再逐空匹配线索”的思路:每道题先判断前后句的逻辑关系,再结合上下文给出的提示信息(比如后文提到的时间、研究对象、事件因果),辨析选项的词义,排除不符合语境的选项,最终选出最贴合文意的答案,做完后还要代入全文通读验证逻辑是否通顺。
【解析】
1. 考查连词辨析。后半句“直到快天亮人们才能看到月亮”和前半句“星星能被清晰看到”是让步关系,意为“尽管星星都能清楚看见,月亮却直到临近天亮才出现”。A表原因的Because、C表条件的Unless、D表假设的If都不符合逻辑,选B。
2. 考查动词辨析。根据空后的“their worries about it”,可知人们对这一无法解释的异象表达了担忧。A隐藏、B保持、C解释都不符合语境,选D。
3. 考查动词短语辨析。根据后文“what caused the strange event”,可知科学家一直试图查明这一奇特事件的诱因。B分发、C使显现、D清理都不符合“查明真相”的语义,选A。
4. 考查不定代词辨析。根据句首的转折词However,说明和前文“科学家努力探寻”形成转折,几乎没有人能提出合理的解释。B某人、C任何人、D所有人都不符合转折后的语义,选A。
5. 考查名词辨析。前文提到数百年来没人能解释异象,现在科学家终于找到了对应的答案,也就是火山喷发。A敌人、C位置、D目的都不符合语境,选B。
6. 考查名词辨析。根据前文给出的时间“from the beginning of September to the end of October”,从9月初到10月末,持续时长接近两个月。A天、B周、D年都不符合时间推算,选C。
7. 考查副词辨析。大量火山灰产生后,是缓缓向高空移动,最终扩散到大气层遮挡月球。A安静地、B当然、D简单地都不符合火山灰升空的状态,选C。
8. 考查动词辨析。火山灰扩散后,阻挡了人们的视线,让人们看不到月亮,固定搭配prevent sb. (from) doing sth. 表示阻止某人做某事;keep的搭配是keep sb. from doing sth.,此处省略from不符合用法,B建议、D介意语义不通,选A。
9. 考查疑问词辨析。后文整段都在介绍科学家是通过研究冰层、年轮得到结论,对应提问的是“科学家是如何发现真相的”,提问方式用how。B提问时间、C提问地点、D提问原因都不符合后文的回答逻辑,选A。
10. 考查介词辨析。这里指科学家研究的是来自格陵兰和南极洲的冰。A穿过、B进入、C和都不符合语义,选D。
11. 考查形容词辨析。根据后文介绍冰层可以留存远古的气候、大气信息,说明这些巨型冰层对科学研究十分有用。B危险的、C奇怪的、D糟糕的都不符合语境,选A。
12. 考查动词辨析。这些冰层可以展示很久之前的气候状态,以及当时大气中的成分。A记录、B提供、C划分都不符合语义,选D。
13. 考查名词辨析。前文明确提到科学家的研究对象是两地的冰,所以他们在冰层中发现了1110年5月的火山灰痕迹。A雨、B雪、C风都不符合前文的研究对象提示,选D。
14. 考查形容词辨析。后文提到年轮的变化也能佐证火山喷发的结论,说明树木年轮对得到答案是有帮助的。A无意义的、C不可能的、D糟糕的都不符合语境,选B。
15. 考查动词辨析。前文提到1109年气候寒冷多雨,这样的气候条件下农作物难以生长,人们无法获得足够的食物,固定搭配fail to do sth. 表示未能成功做某事。A拒绝、B决定、D忘记都不符合因果逻辑,选C。
【答案】
1-5 BDAAB 6-10 CCAAD 11-15 ADDBC
【知识点】
连词辨析,词义语境辨析,固定搭配应用
【点评】
这是一篇科普类说明文完形填空,贴合近年中考完形的选材趋势,考点覆盖初中阶段核心的连词、动词、名词、形容词辨析,所有题目都能在前后文找到明确的提示线索,没有设置偏难怪的考点,既考查学生的词汇掌握能力,也锻炼学生通过上下文逻辑推导答案的阅读能力,难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.65
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