Ⅰ.根据句意及首字母提示写出所缺的单词
1.The Earth is a beautiful blue and green p when you see it from space.
2.Global warming is a problem. It makes ice melt, and then sea l rises.
3.There is a large green a on the map. It is the Amazon rain forest in South America.
4.The Earth is facing many problems. For example, p waste in the ocean hurts fish and other sea animals.
5.The temperature in Turpan, Xinjiang can r 48℃ in summer. What a hot place!
6.We must all s the idea of protecting the Earth by saving water and recycling.
7.Forests on the Earth p many animals with food and homes.
8.「2025北京中考改编」I love to walk in forests, climb trees and hike in the mountains. I enjoy e nature.

1. planet
2. level
3. area
4. plastic
5. reach
6. spread
7. provide
8. exploring

【分析】
这类题的解题思路为：1. 通读每个句子，准确理解句意；2. 结合句中给出的首字母提示，联想符合语境的单词；3. 注意单词的正确形式（如名词单复数、动词时态/非谓语形式等），确保填入的单词符合语法和语义要求。
【解析】
1. 句意：从太空看，地球是一个美丽的蓝绿星球。结合首字母p，此处表示“星球”，故填planet。
2. 句意：全球变暖是个问题，它使冰融化，然后海平面上升。结合首字母l，sea level是固定短语，意为“海平面”，故填level。
3. 句意：地图上有一大片绿色区域，它是南美洲的亚马逊雨林。结合首字母a，此处表示“区域”，故填area。
4. 句意：海洋里的塑料垃圾伤害鱼类和其他海洋动物。结合首字母p，此处表示“塑料”，故填plastic。
5. 句意：新疆吐鲁番夏季温度可达48℃，多热的地方啊！结合首字母r，此处表示“达到”，故填reach。
6. 句意：我们必须传播保护地球的理念，比如节约用水和回收利用。结合首字母s，此处表示“传播”，故填spread。
7. 句意：地球上的森林为许多动物提供食物和家园。provide sb. with sth.是固定搭配，意为“为某人提供某物”，结合首字母p，故填provide。
8. 句意：我喜欢在森林散步、爬树、爬山，我喜欢探索自然。enjoy doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“喜欢做某事”，结合首字母e，此处用动名词形式，故填exploring。
【答案】
1.planet 2.level 3.area 4.plastic 5.reach 6.spread 7.provide 8.exploring
【知识点】
词汇运用、固定搭配、词性转换
【点评】
本题考查基础词汇的语境运用，结合句意和首字母提示填写单词，同时涉及少量固定搭配和词性变化，是初中英语常见的基础题型，注重考查学生的词汇积累和语境理解能力。
【难度系数】
0.5

Ⅱ.用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
9.Air (pollute) was once a serious problem in many big cities in China.
10.The (amaze) Great Wall attracts (million) of visitors from all over the world every year.
11.It was a (freeze) night, so we decided to stay indoors by the fireplace.
12.「2025 浙江中考改编」Sun (protect) is more than just avoiding sunburn—it’s about keeping your skin healthy and feeling good all summer long.
13.If we don't stop cutting down forests, many kinds of plants and animals will (appear) forever.

9. pollution
10. amazing; millions
11. freezing
12. protection
13. disappear

【分析】
本题为英语用所给词适当形式填空题型，需结合句子结构的词性要求、固定搭配及语境词义逻辑解题：9题Air后需名词作主语；10题第一空修饰名词需形容词，第二空为固定搭配；11题修饰名词需形容词；12题Sun后需名词作主语；13题根据句意需用对应反义词。
【解析】
9. 空格在Air后作主语，需用名词，pollute的名词形式为pollution，故填pollution。
10. 第一空修饰Great Wall需形容词，amaze的形容词amazing（令人惊叹的）符合；第二空考查固定搭配millions of（数百万的），故填amazing；millions。
11. 空格修饰night需形容词，freeze的形容词freezing（极冷的）符合语境，故填freezing。
12. 空格在Sun后作主语，需用名词，protect的名词形式为protection，故填protection。
13. 句意：不停止砍森林，动植物会永远消失，appear（出现）的反义词为disappear，故填disappear。
【答案】
9. pollution；10. amazing; millions；11. freezing；12. protection；13. disappear
【知识点】
名词转换、形容词用法、固定搭配
【点评】
本题为初中英语基础题型，考查词性转换、形容词修饰名词、固定短语及词义辨析，需掌握常见词汇的词性变化和常用搭配，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.3

Ⅲ.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词
14.一些恐龙像建筑物一样大。
Some dinosaurs are buildings.
15.我们有责任照顾好我们的地球。
We have the duty to our Earth well.
16.据我们所知,许多动物因为栖息地丧失而面临危险。
, many animals are in danger because of habitat loss.
17.地球和另外七颗行星都在围绕太阳运转的太阳系之中。
The Earth and seven other are all in the that goes around the Sun.
18.「2025黑龙江哈尔滨中考改编」湿地指的是一片大部分时间都被水覆盖的区域。
A wetland is an area where the land water most of the time.

14. as big as
15. take care of
16. As far as we know
17. planets; solar system
18. is covered with

【分析】
这类题是根据汉语语义补全英文句子，需结合汉语意思匹配对应的英文固定短语、语法结构（如同级比较、被动语态），同时注意名词单复数、固定表达的形式及句首大写规则。解题思路：先明确每个汉语短语对应的英文固定表达，再结合句子结构（如不定式、被动语态、同级比较结构）调整形式，最后确认词数符合要求。
【解析】
14. 表示“和……一样大”需用形容词同级比较结构“as + 形容词原级 + as”，“大”的形容词为big，故填as big as；
15. “照顾”的固定短语是take care of，have duty to do sth.结构中to后接动词原形，故填take care of；
16. “据我们所知”是固定表达As far as we know，位于句首首字母大写，故填As far as we know；
17. “行星”的英文是planet，被seven other修饰需用复数planets；“太阳系”是固定短语solar system，故填planets; solar system；
18. 表示“被……覆盖”用被动语态be covered with，主语the land为单数，一般现在时be动词用is，故填is covered with。
【答案】14. as big as；15. take care of；16. As far as we know；17. planets; solar system；18. is covered with
【知识点】固定短语搭配、形容词同级比较、被动语态
【点评】本题为基础汉译英题型，主要考察课本核心固定短语、基础语法（同级比较、被动语态）及名词单复数，属于基础巩固类题目，难度较低。
【难度系数】0.8

人与自然
自然
宇宙探索
「2026 广东广州番禺大石中学期中改编」
The Sun, the Earth, and the solar system are closely related. The Sun is a star. It is extremely big and hot in the sky, like a huge ball of fire. It gives us light and heat(热量). Without the Sun, there would be no life on the Earth. The Sun is so large that more than one million Earths could fit inside it! It's very far from the Earth. Light from the Sun takes about eight minutes to reach us.
The Earth is a planet. It is the only planet in the solar system where there is life. The Earth goes around the Sun. This trip takes about a year. The Earth also spins around itself. When a part of the Earth faces the Sun, it is daytime there. When it turns away from the Sun, it becomes night. The Earth has one moon(卫星), which is called the Moon(月球). The Moon goes around the Earth, and it affects the tides(潮水) in our oceans.
The solar system is made up of the Sun and the planets that go around it. There are eight planets in the solar system. The Earth is the third planet from the Sun. It is not too hot nor too cold, and it has air and water. These things make it possible for plants, animals and people to live there.
Our Earth has different kinds of places, like mountains, rivers, deserts, and forests. About 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by water, but most of it is salty ocean water. Only a small part is fresh water that we can drink. The Earth also has different climates(气候), from very cold places at the North and South Poles to hot places near the equator(赤道).
19. The underlined word "spins" in the second paragraph probably means "".
A. jumps B. flies
C. turns D. falls
20. What can we infer from the fact that only a small part of the Earth's water is fresh?
A. People should save fresh water.
B. All plants can grow with ocean water.
C. There is no need to protect water.
D. Fresh water will never run out.
21. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. To explain how the Sun affects the Earth's climate.
B. To introduce the Sun, the Earth, and their roles in the solar system.
C. To tell readers about the importance of the Moon.
D. To show the differences between ocean water and fresh water.

19.C 词义猜测题。根据“When a part of the Earth faces the Sun, it is daytime there. When it turns away from the Sun, it becomes night.”可知,此处描述的是地球的自转现象,由此可推知,spin 意为“旋转”,与 turn 含义相近。故选 C。
20.A 推理判断题。根据“About 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by water...Only a small part is fresh water that we can drink.”可知,地球表面只有少部分是我们可以饮用的淡水,由此推知,人们应该节约使用淡水。故选 A。
21.B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了太阳、地球及其在太阳系中的关系,以及地球上的生命条件和资源分布。故选 B。

【分析】
19题是词义猜测题，需结合上下文语境判断词义：文中描述地球的运动现象，结合“朝向太阳是白天、背向是黑夜”的内容，可推断对应地球自转的动作，进而猜测单词含义；20题是推理判断题，需根据文中“可饮用的淡水仅占小部分”的事实，结合生活常识推导合理结论；21题是主旨大意题，需通读全文梳理核心内容，确定文章围绕太阳、地球及太阳系相关内容展开的核心主题。
【解析】
19题：根据第二段中“When a part of the Earth faces the Sun, it is daytime there. When it turns away from the Sun, it becomes night.”可知，此处描述地球自转现象，“spins”意为“旋转”，与“turns”含义相近，故选C。
20题：根据第四段中“Only a small part is fresh water that we can drink.”可知，地球可饮用的淡水资源有限，由此可推断人们应该节约使用淡水，故选A。
21题：通读全文，文章主要介绍了太阳、地球及其在太阳系中的关系，以及地球上的生命条件和资源分布，核心是介绍太阳、地球在太阳系中的角色，故选B。
【答案】
19.C 20.A 21.B
【知识点】
词义猜测题；推理判断题；主旨大意题
【点评】
本题是一篇科普类阅读理解题，围绕太阳、地球及太阳系相关知识设题，考查英语阅读中常见的三类题型，要求学生结合语境和文章整体内容解题，题型常规，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6