一、（2026杭州期末）完形填空。
新素养·文化意识 ◎建议用时：10分钟 ✔★★★☆
Jane Goodall is known for her study of chimpanzees(黑猩猩) in Africa. When she was a child, she was 1 in animals. She dreamed of going to Africa to live with them one day. Her family didn't have much money, 2 she never gave up her dream.
At the age of 26, Jane's dream came true. However, life there was very 3 at first. There was no clean drinking water or enough food. The chimpanzees were shy and 4 quickly when they saw her. Jane did not give up. She spent most of her time sitting 5 in the forest, trying her best to make them feel safe. After many months, the chimpanzees started to 6 her. They let her get closer. Little by little, Jane began to understand their world. Finally, Jane made many great 7. She found that chimpanzees could use tools, just like humans! This was a big surprise to the whole world.
Jane worked in Africa for over 50 years. She wrote books to tell people about the life of chimpanzees. She also asked people to 8 animals and nature. She believed that even a small action could bring a great change. Though Jane passed away in 2025, her 9 still lives on. She teaches us that courage and 10 can help us achieve our dreams.
()1. A. interested B. bored C. worried D. surprised
()2. A. and B. so C. but D. or
()3. A. easy B. hard C. safe D. dangerous
()4. A. ran away B. came out C. fell down D. grew up
()5. A. happily B. noisily C. quietly D. sadly
()6. A. hate B. touch C. leave D. trust
()7. A. mistakes B. decisions C. discoveries D. plans
()8. A. kill B. protect C. hunt D. train
()9. A. body B. memory C. spirit D. name
()10. A. money B. luck C. talent D. love

1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. C
8. B 9. C 10. D

【分析】
做完形填空需先通读全文把握主旨，本文讲述Jane Goodall研究黑猩猩的经历，核心是她的坚持与对动物的爱。解题时结合上下文语境、固定搭配、逻辑关系及词义辨析逐一分析每个空：1. 结合固定搭配be interested in选A；2. 前后句是转折关系用but选C；3. 后文提到生活条件差，选hard；4. 黑猩猩害羞会跑掉，选ran away；5. 为让黑猩猩安全需安静，选quietly；6. 经过相处黑猩猩信任她，选trust；7. 她的研究有重大发现，选discoveries；8. 呼吁保护动物，选protect；9. 她的精神永存，选spirit；10. 勇气和爱助于实现梦想，选love。
【解析】
1. 考查固定搭配，be interested in为固定短语，意为“对……感兴趣”，符合语境，选A；
2. 考查连词，前句“家里没很多钱”与后句“不放弃梦想”为转折关系，用but，选C；
3. 考查形容词，后文提到“没有干净饮用水或足够食物”，说明生活艰难，hard符合，选B；
4. 考查动词短语，黑猩猩害羞，看到她会跑掉，ran away（跑掉）符合，选A；
5. 考查副词，为让黑猩猩感到安全，她安静地坐在森林里，quietly（安静地）符合，选C；
6. 考查动词，经过数月相处，黑猩猩开始信任她，trust（信任）符合，选D；
7. 考查名词，她的研究有很多重大发现，discoveries（发现）符合，选C；
8. 考查动词，她呼吁人们保护动物和自然，protect（保护）符合，选B；
9. 考查名词，虽然她去世，但她的精神永存，spirit（精神）符合，选C；
10. 考查名词，勇气和爱帮助实现梦想，love（爱）符合，选D；
【答案】
1.A 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.D
【知识点】
完形填空解题技巧、固定搭配、词义辨析
【点评】
本文为记叙文完形，围绕Jane Goodall研究黑猩猩的经历展开，考查学生对语境的理解、词汇辨析及固定搭配的掌握，是初中英语常见题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5

二、阅读短文，选择最合适的选项。
新情境·科普知识 ◎建议用时：10分钟 ★★★★★
Hi! I am the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. I was born in 1909, and my "father" is Zhan Tianyou.
When he was a student in America, he was amazed by the modern railroad system there. He also felt sad to see that China had few things to show at the World Fair. This made him decide to study civil engineering(土木工程). He returned to China with a clear wish: to build railroads for his home country. In 1905, he took on the big challenge of building me. At that time, foreigners laughed and said no Chinese could do it. But Zhan never gave up. With his smart designs, like the famous "Ren"-shaped line, I became China's first self-built railway. This great success showed China's ability in engineering and brought pride to all Chinese people.
In the past, my trains used steam(蒸汽) and were very slow. Later, diesel(柴油) and electric trains came, but the journey still took over three hours. Then, in 2020, a new high-speed railway opened near me. The high-speed trains can run at a top speed of 350 km/h! It only takes 47 minutes to travel from Beijing to Zhangjiakou. This amazing improvement cut the travel time by over 80%. During the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, the new railway welcomed lots of friends from all over the world.
Now, I am too old to keep working, so I have retired. But I am not sad. I am proud to be kept as part of history. Looking back, Zhan Tianyou must be happy and proud of the great changes in China today!
()1. Why did Zhan Tianyou decide to study civil engineering in college?
A. Because his family forced him to learn it.
B. Because he wanted to help develop China's railroads.
C. Because he won a medal in maths at Yale University.
D. Because foreigners asked him to build railways.
()2. 熟词生义 Which sentence uses "cut" with the same meaning as the underlined word?
A. He will cut the birthday cake before we eat it.
B. Don't cut in line when waiting for the bus.
C. Tom tries to cut the cost of his snacks.
D. The boy had his hair cut for the summer.
()3. What does the writer mainly want to tell us about Zhan Tianyou in Paragraph 2?
A. He was brave and loved his country.
B. He was the fastest train driver in China.
C. He travelled to America when he was young.
D. He designed the "Ren"-shaped line alone.
()4. 观点态度 How does the old railway feel about its role today?
A. Angry about stopping working.
B. Sad because it is too slow now.
C. Proud to be kept as part of history.
D. Worried about the new high-speed trains.
()5. What is the main purpose of this passage?
A. To teach how to build railways.
B. To show Zhan's spirit and history.
C. To compare different types of trains.
D. To describe the Winter Olympics.
词汇积累: railway n. 铁路 decide v. 决定 challenge n. 挑战 foreigner n. 外国

1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. B

【分析】
本题为科普类英语阅读理解题，以京张铁路的自述为载体，共5道题，分别考查细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意等能力。解题思路：1. 先通读全文，把握文章核心内容（詹天佑建京张铁路的背景、铁路的发展历程、旧铁路的感受）；2. 针对每道题，先定位题干关键词到原文对应段落；3. 对比选项与原文信息，排除错误选项，选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据第二段关键句“He returned to China with a clear wish: to build railroads for his home country.”可知，詹天佑学习土木工程是为了给祖国修建铁路，对应选项B。A项（家庭强迫）、C项（耶鲁数学获奖）、D项（外国人要求）原文均未提及，排除。
2. 词义猜测题：原文中“cut the travel time by over 80%”的“cut”意为“减少”。分析选项：A项“cut”意为“切”，B项意为“插队”，C项意为“减少（成本等）”，D项意为“剪（头发）”，只有C项与原文“cut”含义一致，故选C。
3. 主旨大意题：第二段主要讲述詹天佑克服外国人的质疑，设计“人”字形线路建成中国第一条自主铁路，体现他的勇敢与爱国，对应选项A。B项（最快火车司机）原文未提，C项（去美国）是背景而非主旨，D项（独自设计）原文未提及“alone”，排除。
4. 观点态度题：根据最后一段关键句“But I am not sad. I am proud to be kept as part of history.”可知，旧铁路因成为历史的一部分而自豪，对应选项C。A项（生气）、B项（难过）、D项（担心）均与原文不符，排除。
5. 主旨大意题：全文通过京张铁路的自述，介绍詹天佑的爱国精神与铁路的发展历史，对应选项B。A项（教建铁路）、C项（对比火车类型）、D项（描述冬奥会）均非文章主要目的，排除。
【答案】
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. B
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解、词义猜测
【点评】
本题结合京张铁路新情境，考查学生的英语阅读能力，题型常规，贴近初中英语阅读考查要求，能有效检验学生的细节查找、词义辨析及主旨把握能力。
【难度系数】
0.6