I Translation.
1. 人们经常乱扔垃圾，这会污染土地。（ leave ... here and there ）
.
2. 开车或燃烧东西会污染空气。（ burn things ）
.
3. 如果我们将被污染的水排入河流或大海，将导致水里的动物死亡。（ put ... into, cause ... to ... ）
.
4. 我们必须停止污染行为，一起努力保护地球。（ stop doing, work together ）
.

1. People often leave rubbish here and there, and this pollutes the Earth.
2. Driving cars or burning things pollutes the air.
3. If we put polluted water into the rivers or seas, this will kill the animals in the water/this will cause the animals in the water to die.
4. We must stop polluting behaviours and work together to protect the Earth.

【分析】本题为汉译英题型，需结合括号内给出的固定短语完成翻译，同时遵循英语语法规则。解题思路：1. 先明确每个句子的核心语义；2. 对应括号内指定短语，调整短语形式（如动名词作主语）；3. 按照英语句子结构（主谓一致、条件句时态等）组合成通顺完整的句子。
【解析】
1. 核心语义：人们经常乱扔垃圾，这会污染土地。结合指定短语leave...here and there，主语people为复数，谓语用原形，后半句用and连接表结果，故译为：People often leave rubbish here and there, and this pollutes the Earth.
2. 核心语义：开车或燃烧东西会污染空气。结合指定短语burn things，此处作主语需用动名词形式，谓语用单数，故译为：Driving cars or burning things pollutes the air.
3. 核心语义：如果我们将被污染的水排入河流或大海，将导致水里的动物死亡。结合指定短语put...into和cause...to...，条件句用一般现在时表将来，主句用一般将来时，故译为：If we put polluted water into the rivers or seas, this will cause the animals in the water to die.
4. 核心语义：我们必须停止污染行为，一起努力保护地球。结合指定短语stop doing和work together，stop后接动名词，work together后接不定式表目的，故译为：We must stop polluting behaviours and work together to protect the Earth.
【答案】People often leave rubbish here and there, and this pollutes the Earth.
Driving cars or burning things pollutes the air.
If we put polluted water into the rivers or seas, this will cause the animals in the water to die.
We must stop polluting behaviours and work together to protect the Earth.
【知识点】汉译英、固定短语运用、英语句子结构
【点评】本题考查汉译英中指定短语的正确运用，需掌握动词短语搭配及英语基础语法（如动名词作主语、条件句时态），难度适中，适合基础阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】0.6

Ⅱ.请写一篇短文说明城市污染的原因，呼吁人们爱护环境。要求：60词左右，可适当发挥。
提示：
1. 城市污染严重。
2. 污染原因：乱扔垃圾，污染土地；开车，燃烧东西，污染空气；被污染的水排入河流或大海，导致水里动物死亡。
3. 停止污染行为，保护地球。

Now the pollution in cities is very serious. People throw rubbish everywhere and it pollutes the land. Cars and burning things make the air dirty. Polluted water runs into rivers or seas, so lots of water animals die. Let's stop polluting and try our best to protect our Earth.

【分析】首先明确题目要求：写60词左右的英语短文，需说明城市污染的原因并呼吁爱护环境，要结合提示的三个污染原因（乱扔垃圾污染土地、开车/燃烧污染空气、污水排入河湖致水生动物死亡），最后发出环保呼吁。解题思路是先点出城市污染现状，再分述污染原因，最后提出环保倡议，确保语句通顺、符合字数要求。
【解析】按照题目要求，开篇点明城市污染严重，接着依次说明乱扔垃圾污染土地、车辆和燃烧物污染空气、污水排入河湖导致水生动物死亡的原因，最后呼吁停止污染、保护地球，组织语言时准确运用相关词汇，控制在60词左右，符合提示要求。
【答案】Now the pollution in cities is very serious. People throw rubbish everywhere and it pollutes the land. Cars and burning things make the air dirty. Polluted water runs into rivers or seas, so lots of water animals die. Let's stop polluting and try our best to protect our Earth.
【知识点】英语应用文写作、环境保护主题
【点评】本题考查英语应用文写作能力，要求结合提示信息完成短文，既需准确运用词汇句式，又要体现环保意识，符合初中英语写作的常见考查方向，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.5