The first computers were made between the 1940s and 1950s. They were often the 1 of a room. And they were 2 programmed to do Maths problems. They were very important for businesses 3 they could work out very difficult problems again and again, without making mistakes.
In the 1970s, there were 4 computers. People bought computers for their homes. The computers didn't have a mouse, but the keyboard was used to 5 the computer what to do.
When the 6 computer games were sold in the 1980s, people could use computers for 7 as well as for work. During the 1980s and 1990s, computers were sold with speakers and colour screens, and people could play more exciting 8.
In the 1990s, a revolution (大变革) in communication 9. People could use computers to talk with family and friends, and businesses could sell products all over the world 10 and easily. Computers are now also used for shopping, watching a movie, and downloading music. And in the future we may have smaller computers we can put in our pockets, and 3D computers for amazing movies and gaming experiences.
()1. A. colour B. size C. height D. sound
()2. A. never B. hardly C. usually D. seldom
()3. A. because B. if C. when D. after
()4. A. longer B. heavier C. smaller D. larger
()5. A. teach B. tell C. help D. show
()6. A. one B. two C. first D. second
()7. A. health B. fun C. money D. safety
()8. A. games B. songs C. sports D. balls
()9. A. took after B. took off C. took place D. took out
()10. A. quickly B. slowly C. happily D. carefully

完形填空·语篇导读 本文主要介绍了电脑的发展史。
快速
对答案
1—5 B C A C B
6—10 C B A C A
1. B 根据 a room 可知此处指房间的大小。
2. C 根据下文 they could work out very difficult problems 可知,电脑通常被用来解决数学问题。
3. A 设空前后句为因果关系,且前句为果后句为因,所以用 because。
4. C 根据语境及上文“They were often the... of a room.”可知,此处是指更小的电脑。
5. B 根据语境并结合常识可知,此处表示键盘可以告诉电脑做什么。
6. C 根据下文可知此处表示第一批电脑游戏。
7. B 根据上文的 computer games 可知,此处是指娱乐。
8. A 根据上文“When the ... computer games were sold in the 1980s, people could use computers for... as well as for work.”可知,此处指游戏。
9. C 根据 a revolution in communication 可知,此处指发生了一场大变革。
10. A 根据语境及“In the 1990s, a revolution in communication...”可知,此处指快速地。

【分析】首先通读全文，明确文章围绕电脑的发展历程展开。解题时，需结合上下文语境、词汇词义辨析、句子间的逻辑关系（如因果、指代等）以及生活常识，逐一分析每个空格的选项，排除不符合语境的答案，选出最恰当的选项。例如第1题，根据前文早期电脑的特点及“a room”可知，此处指电脑的大小，对应选项；第2题结合后文电脑的用途，判断其被用于数学计算的频率；第3题分析前后句的因果关系，确定连词；其余空格同理，结合对应线索选出答案。
【解析】1. B：根据前文早期电脑的规模及“a room”，可知此处指电脑是房间的大小，故选size。2. C：结合后文电脑能解决难题，可知早期电脑通常被用来做数学题，故选usually。3. A：前后句为因果关系（前句说电脑对企业重要，后句说明原因），前果后因，用because，故选A。4. C：与早期电脑占房间大小相比，70年代的电脑更小，符合发展趋势，故选smaller。5. B：根据常识，键盘的作用是告诉电脑执行指令，故选tell。6. C：此处指第一批电脑游戏，用序数词first，故选C。7. B：电脑游戏属于娱乐用途，对应fun，故选B。8. A：结合上文提到的computer games，此处指玩更多游戏，故选games。9. C：表示通讯领域发生了变革，take place意为“发生”，符合语境，故选C。10. A：90年代通讯革命后，产品能快速且便捷地销往全球，故选quickly。
【答案】1-5 B C A C B；6-10 C B A C A
【知识点】完形填空、英语词义辨析、英语逻辑关系
【点评】本文是介绍电脑发展史的完形填空，侧重考查学生对语境的理解、词汇的准确运用以及句子间逻辑关系的判断，题材贴近生活，难度适中，需要学生结合上下文和常识解题。
【难度系数】0.6

答案 11—15
[2026 广东广州调研]The Yellow River is the national treasure of China. People along its banks always worry about floods. 11 Now, scientists can solve these problems better using a digital copy of the river, helping in flood control.
The digital copy uses technologies like big data, AI, and the internet. Tools set along the river collect data and send it to a control centre. 12 As a result, a 3D view on screens shows the river's live condition, acting as its digital twin.
A great success here is "smart stones". They are tools shaped like real stones. 13 These sensors help avoid serious dangers in flood prevention work.
In the control centre, researchers get big help from such tools. Before, workers had to visit the dike to gather data, risking their lives and using lots of time. But now, these devices do the job. 14
Above the water, drones fly in the air. 15 They take photos and share reports so that experts can update the 3D model anytime. Together with tools below water, this tech protects the whole Yellow River Basin in every way, making future digital management more amazing.
A. This is why flood management is key to saving lives near the river.
B. Based on this data, the system builds a model for real-time viewing.
C. They are placed on dikes to detect movement and send warnings at once.
D. Researchers can understand the river's changes safely and quickly.
E. Engineers set fixed paths for them to watch dikes and send fresh information.

阅读还原·语篇导读 本文主要介绍了数字技术如何帮助黄河的防洪工作。
快速对答案 11—15 A B C D E
11. A 根据“People along its banks always worry about floods.”可知,沿岸居民担心洪水,所以洪水管理很重要,选项 A[这就是为什么洪水管理是拯救沿河(居民的)生命的关键。]符合语境。故选 A 项。
12. B 根据前文“Tools set along the river collect data and send it to a control centre.”可知,此处应说明这些数据的作用或结果,选项 B(基于这些数据,系统构建了一个实时查看模型。)符合语境。故选 B 项。
13. C 根据“A great success here is ‘smart stones’. They are tools shaped like real stones.”和“These sensors help avoid serious dangers in flood prevention work.”可知,此处介绍智能石头的用途,选项 C(它们被放置在堤坝上,以检测移动并立即发出警告。)符合语境。故选 C 项。
14. D 根据“But now, these devices do the job.”可知,此处介绍这些设备给研究人员带来的好处,选项 D(研究人员可以安全快速地了解河流的变化。)符合语境。故选 D 项。
15. E 根据“Above the water, drones fly in the air.”可知,此处介绍无人机的作用,选项 E(工程师为它们设定固定航线,以巡查堤坝并发送新信息。)符合语境。故选 E 项。

【分析】
本题为英语阅读还原题，主旨是介绍数字技术助力黄河防洪工作。解题时需先通读全文把握整体逻辑，再结合每个空格前后的语境、关键词，逐一匹配选项，确保上下文衔接合理、逻辑通顺。
【解析】
11空：前文提到“沿岸居民总是担心洪水”，选项A“这就是为什么洪水管理是拯救沿河居民生命的关键”承接上文的担忧，逻辑连贯，故选A。
12空：前文说明“沿河工具收集数据并发送至控制中心”，选项B“基于这些数据，系统构建了实时查看模型”解释了数据的作用，符合语境，故选B。
13空：前文介绍“智能石头”的形态，后文提到“这些传感器助力防洪避险”，选项C“它们被放置在堤坝上，以检测移动并立即发出警告”说明智能石头的用途，衔接上下文，故选C。
14空：前文指出“现在设备代替人工完成工作”，选项D“研究人员可以安全、快速地了解河流的变化”说明设备带来的便利，符合语境，故选D。
15空：前文提到“水面上有无人机飞行”，选项E“工程师为它们设定固定航线，以巡查堤坝并发送新信息”说明无人机的功能，衔接合理，故选E。
【答案】
A B C D E
【知识点】
英语阅读还原，语篇衔接，上下文语境理解
【点评】
本题为英语阅读还原题，考查学生对语篇逻辑和上下文衔接的理解能力，需结合语境推理，难度适中，是常见的英语题型。
【难度系数】
0.6