四、 原创素养题 语言能力 阅读理解
同学们，在生活里我们都渴望真挚友情，可交友不慎容易受伤。怎么才能找到挚友呢？其实好朋友需具备理解、诚实、可靠等品质，还得能一起快乐相伴。快来看看如何挑选好友吧。
词数：333 体裁：说明文 核心素养：语言能力
话题：好朋友应有的品质 难度：中 建议用时：7分钟
In choosing a friend, one should be very careful. A good friend can help you study. You can have fun together and make each other happy. Sometimes you will meet fair weather friends. They will be with you as long as you have money or luck, but when you are down, they will run away. How do I know when I have found a good friend? I look for certain qualities（品质）of character, especially understanding, honesty（诚实）and reliability（可靠）.
Above all else, I look for understanding in a friend. A good friend tries to understand how another person is feeling. He is not quick to judge. Instead, he tries to learn from others. He puts himself in the other person's place, and he tries to think of ways to be helpful. He is also a good listener.
At the same time, however, a good friend is honest. He does not look for faults in others. He notices their good points. In short, a friend will try to understand me and accept me.
Another quality of a friend is reliability. I
can always depend on a good friend. If he tells me he will meet me somewhere at a certain time, I can be sure that he will be there. If I need a favour, he will do his best to help me. If I am in trouble, he will not run away from me.
There is a fourth quality that makes a friend special. We should enjoy our lives, and we would enjoy our friendship. That is why I especially like friends who are fun to be with. A good friend likes the same things I like. We share experience and learn from each other. A good friend has a good sense of humour too. He likes to laugh with me. That is how we share in the joy of being friends. And I know that he is looking for the same quality in me.
1. Which of the following qualities the writer thinks is the most important in choosing a friend?
A. Understanding. B. Honesty.
C. Reliability. D. A sense of humour.
2. 中考新考法 短语理解 The underlined words “fair weather friends” in Paragraph 1 most probably means .
A. 有钱的朋友 B. 酒肉朋友
C. 信任的朋友 D. 诚实的朋友
3. 中考新考法 句子还原 Which of the following can be put in the blank(空白处) in Para 5?
A. A special friend who has money or luck
B. A special friend is someone with whom we can have fun
C. A special friend who always point out each other's mistakes
D. A special friend is someone who can understand each other's feelings
4. 中考新考法 推断文章主旨 This passage mainly discusses .
A. the qualities of a friend
B. where to choose friends
C. how to get along with friends
D. the importance of having a friend

【文章大意】本文主要讲述了作者列举的几项好朋友所具有的品质。
1. A [解析]细节理解题。根据“Above all else, I look for understanding in a friend.”可知,在选择朋友时,作者认为理解最重要。故选 A。
2. B [解析]词义猜测题。根据下文“They will be with you as long as you have money or luck, but when you are down, they will run away.”可知,只要你有钱或运气好,他们就会和你在一起,但当你走下坡路时,他们就会逃跑,结合选项可推知,这种朋友是酒肉朋友。故选 B。
3. B [解析]推理判断题。根据下文“That is why I especially like friends who are fun to be with.”可知,作者尤其喜欢的朋友是在一起共快乐的人,由可推知,B项符合题意。故选 B。
4. A [解析]主旨大意题。根据“I look for certain qualities(品质) of character, especially understanding, honesty(诚实) and reliability(可靠).”并通读全文可知,本文介绍了几项作者认为好朋友所具有的品质。故选 A。

【分析】做本题时，需先通读全文把握核心话题，再根据不同题型采用对应解题方法：细节理解题要定位原文关键语句；词义猜测题结合划线词的上下文解释推断；句子还原题关注前后文逻辑衔接；主旨大意题梳理全文核心内容，排除无关选项。
【解析】1. 细节理解题：根据文中“Above all else, I look for understanding in a friend.”可知，作者认为选择朋友时最重要的品质是理解，故选A。
2. 词义猜测题：划线短语后提到“They will be with you as long as you have money or luck, but when you are down, they will run away.”，即这类朋友只在你有钱或运气好时相伴，失意时逃离，对应选项“酒肉朋友”，故选B。
3. 句子还原题：空白处后提到“That is why I especially like friends who are fun to be with.”，说明第四种品质是能一起快乐相处，B项“特殊的朋友是能和我们一起玩乐的人”符合上下文衔接，故选B。
4. 主旨大意题：全文围绕作者列举的好朋友应具备的品质（理解、诚实、可靠、有趣）展开，核心是朋友的品质，故选A。
【答案】1.A 2.B 3.B 4.A
【知识点】细节理解题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题
【点评】本题为中考原创素养类阅读理解题，聚焦“好朋友的品质”话题，考查学生的语言理解能力，涵盖中考核心阅读题型，难度适中，能有效检验学生的阅读素养与解题能力。
【难度系数】0.6