Ⅴ. 阅读理解
（吉林四平期中）①In English, given names come first and family names come last. Family names are also called last names. Westerners get their family names in different ways.
②Some family names such as Smith, Cook and Taylor are all about a person’s job. For example, John Smith—here “Smith” means the name of a job.
③Some westerners get their family names from their living places such as Bush, Cliff and Lake. So does the famous American writer Jack London.
④Some family names are from colours. For example, the family name “Black” means the black colour and “White” means the white colour. Larry Brown, a famous basketball player in America, also gets his family name from colours.
⑤Other family names are from the name of a parent. For example, “David’s son” becomes “Davidson”, and “Peter’s son” becomes “Peterson”.
⑥It’s really interesting to know the
family names, right? What does your last name mean?
1. What is the family name “Smith” about in the passage?
A. A place.
B. A colour.
C. A job.
D. A name of a parent.
2. Where might Jack London’s family live long ago according to(根据) the passage?
A. In New York.
B. In Sydney.
C. In Paris.
D. In London.
3. In how many ways do westerners get their family names according to the passage?
A. Three.
B. Four.
C. Five.
D. Six.
4. 新考法·篇章结构 What’s the structure(结构) of the passage?

Ⅴ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了西方人姓氏的来源。
1. C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For example, John Smith—here ‘Smith’ means the name of a job.”可知,Smith 是一种工作的名字。
2. D 细节理解题。根据第三段“Some westerners get their family names from their living places such as Bush, Cliff and Lake. So does the famous American writer Jack London.”可知,一些西方人的姓氏来自居住地,美国著名作家 Jack London 也是这样。由此可知,Jack London 一家很久以前可能住在伦敦。
3. B 细节理解题。第二段至第五段分别介绍了西方人获得姓氏的途径,包括从工作、居住地、颜色和父母的名字中获得,共四种。
4. A 篇章结构题。通读全文可知,第一段引出话题;第二段至第五段分别介绍了四种获得姓氏的途径;第六段总结全文。
【方法技巧】想要做好篇章结构题,就要注意文章关键位置,如首段、尾段以及每段的首句,并关注连接词和过渡句,这些可以帮助学生把握段落关系从而顺利解题。