Ⅴ. 词汇运用。（共10小题，计10分）
请认真阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式或时态，使短文通顺、连贯。
The baobab tree(猴面包树) is one of the most interesting creations in nature. Growing 66. (most) in Africa and Australia, this strange-looking tree has a super thick body. It can save up to 120,000 litres of water—enough to fill 600 baths! When you stand under its bare branches during dry seasons, it really looks like someone planted giant roots pointing at the sky. Local children sometimes joke that the tree was thrown to Earth by ancient gods and grew upside-down.
What makes baobabs 67. (usual)? First, they have the strong ability 68. (survive). When other trees lose leaves in dry months, baobabs use their stored water like a built-in water bottle. Their gray bark(树皮) acts like armor—if animals destroy it, the tree 69. (grow) new bark quickly. Some baobabs live over 1,500 years, becoming 70. (nature) water stations for elephants and monkeys during dry seasons.
Baobabs help nature in many ways. At night, their big white flowers open under moonlight and get pollinated(授粉) by bats. The fruit 71. (call) “monkey bread” looks like brown coconuts and has six times more vitamin(维生素) C than oranges! People make every part of the tree 72. (use): leaves go into soups, bark becomes fishing nets and baskets, while fruit powder(粉末) makes healthy drinks tasting like lemon candy. People even use the empty seed pods for making musical instruments!
Sadly, these 73. (amaze) trees face new problems. Climate change brings changeable rains—sometimes no rain for years, sometimes heavy floods. Young baobabs struggle to grow in these 74. (condition) because their soft bodies can't save water well yet. Some of the oldest trees, over 800 years old, suddenly died. Scientists are studying to 75. (good) understand these wonders.

66. mostly 【解析】考查副词。根据“Growing ... in Africa and Australia”可知,猴面包树主要在非洲和澳大利亚生长,空处应用副词来修饰动词 growing,“most”的副词形式为“mostly”。故填 mostly。
67. unusual 【解析】考查形容词。根据“What makes baobabs...?”可知,此处在问什么让猴面包树不同寻常,“make + sth. + adj.”意为“使某物处于某种状态”,空处应用形容词作宾语补足语,“unusual”意为“不寻常的”。故填 unusual。
68. to survive 【解析】考查固定搭配。根据“they have the strong ability...”可知,猴面包树有强大的生存能力,“the ability to do sth.”意为“做某事的能力”。故填 to survive。
69. will grow 【解析】考查谓语动词。根据“if animals destroy it, the tree...new bark quickly”可知,如果动物破坏了它,这种树会迅速长出新树皮,此处为 if 引导的条件状语从句,应遵循“主将从现”原则,空处为主句,时态应用一般将来时。故填 will grow。
70. natural 【解析】考查形容词。根据“becoming...water stations”可知,此处指成为天然的水站,修饰名词 water stations 应用形容词,“natural”意为“天然的”。故填 natural。
71. called 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据“The fruit ... ‘monkey bread’ looks like...”可知,此处指这种被叫作“猴面包”的水果,分析句子可知,句中已有谓语动词,此处为非谓语动词,主语 The fruit 与 call 之间为动宾关系,此处应用过去分词作后置定语。故填 called。
72. useful 【解析】考查形容词。根据“People make every part of the tree...”可知,人们让树的每一部分都有用,“make + sth. + adj.”意为“让某物怎么样”,空处应用形容词作宾语补足语,“useful”意为“有用的”。故填 useful。
73. amazing 【解析】考查形容词。根据“these ... trees face new problems”可知,这些令人惊叹的树面临新问题,修饰名词 trees 应用形容词,“amazing”意为“令人惊叹的”。故填 amazing。
74. conditions 【解析】考查名词。根据“Young baobabs struggle to grow in these...”可知,小猴面包树在这些条件下难以生长,由 these 可知,空处应用可数名词的复数形式。故填 conditions。
75. better 【解析】考查副词比较级。根据“Scientists are studying to...understand these wonders”可知,科学家们正在研究以更好地理解这些奇迹,空处应用副词修饰动词 understand,副词 well 的比较级“better”意为“更好地”。故填 better。

【分析】本题为语篇型词汇运用题，需结合短文语境，依据词性转换、固定搭配、语法规则（如时态、非谓语、形容词副词用法）逐一填空。解题思路：先通读全文把握猴面包树的相关内容，再针对每个空格：①判断空格在句中所作成分，确定所需词性；②结合括号内单词的形式变化规则、固定搭配或语法规则，得出正确答案。
【解析】
66. 空格处修饰动词“Growing”，需用副词，“most”的副词形式为“mostly”，故填mostly。
67. “make + sth. + adj.”为固定结构，需用形容词；结合语境，此处表示“不寻常的”，故填unusual。
68. “the ability to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“做某事的能力”，故填to survive。
69. 此处为if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句用一般将来时，故填will grow。
70. 空格处修饰名词“water stations”，需用形容词，“nature”的形容词形式为natural，故填natural。
71. 句中已有谓语动词，此处需用非谓语；主语“The fruit”与“call”为动宾关系，用过去分词作后置定语，故填called。
72. “make + sth. + adj.”结构，需用形容词；结合语境表示“有用的”，故填useful。
73. 空格处修饰名词“trees”，需用形容词；修饰物用-ing形式的形容词，“amaze”的-ing形式为amazing，故填amazing。
74. “these”后接可数名词复数，“condition”的复数形式为conditions，故填conditions。
75. 此处表示“更好地理解”，用副词well的比较级better，故填better。
【答案】66. mostly 67. unusual 68. to survive 69. will grow 70. natural 71. called 72. useful 73. amazing 74. conditions 75. better
【知识点】副词用法、固定搭配、非谓语动词
【点评】本题围绕自然主题考查语篇内词汇运用，涉及词性转换、固定搭配、语法规则等基础知识点，侧重学生在语境中灵活运用词汇的能力，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.8

Ⅵ. 短文填空。(共10小题,计10分)
请认真阅读下面短文,并根据各题所给的首字母提示,写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式,使短文通顺。
Rainforests are some of the most interesting places on Earth. They are full of life, with 76. s thousand plants and animal species(物种). These thick forests are found in warm and wet 77. a near the equator(赤道).
The rainforest is like a huge, green world. It 78. c so much land. The tall trees 79. f a canopy(顶篷,林冠层), which is like a big roof high 80. a the ground. Under this canopy, there are many smaller plants, vines, and flowers. The air is always humid, filled with the 81. s of birds, insects and animals.
Rainforests are very important for our 82. p. They are often called the "lungs of the Earth" because they absorb a large amount of carbon dioxide and release oxygen. This helps to keep the air clean and healthy for us to 83. b.
Many animals live in the rainforest. Monkeys swing from tree to tree, colourful birds fly among the branches, and strange insects crawl on the leaves. There are also big cats like jaguars, which are excellent hunters.
However, rainforests are in danger. 84. H are cutting down trees for wood, farming and building. This is destroying the homes of many animals and plants. We need to 85. p the rainforests to keep the earth healthy.

76. several 【解析】考查限定词。根据“They are full of life, with...thousand plants and animal species”可知,雨林里有数千种植物和动物,“several thousand”意为“几千”,故填 several。
77. areas 【解析】考查名词。根据“These thick forests are found in warm and wet...near the equator”可知,这些茂密的森林生长在赤道附近温暖潮湿的地区,area 表示“地区”,此处应用其复数形式表泛指,故填 areas。
78. covers 【解析】考查动词。根据“It...so much land”可知,雨林覆盖了很多土地,陈述客观事实应用一般现在时,主语 It 为第三人称单数,动词应用第三人称单数形式,故填 covers。
79. form 【解析】考查动词。根据“The tall trees...a canopy”可知,高大的树木形成了一个林冠层,陈述客观事实应用一般现在时,主语 The tall trees 为复数形式,动词应用原形,故填 form。
80. above 【解析】考查介词。根据“which is like a big roof high...the ground”可知,高大的树木形成了树冠层,就像一个巨大的屋顶,高高的悬在地面上,“above”意为“在……上面”,故填 above。
81. sounds 【解析】考查名词。根据“filled with the ... of birds, insects and animals”可知,此处指充满了鸟、昆虫和动物的声音,sound 表示“声音”,此处指多种声音,应用其复数形式,故填 sounds。
82. planet 【解析】考查名词。根据“Rainforests are very important for our...”可知,雨林对我们的星球非常重要,planet 表示“星球”,地球只有一个,则应用单数形式,故填 planet。
83. breathe 【解析】考查动词。根据“This helps to keep the air clean and healthy for us to...”可知,雨林吸收二氧化碳释放氧气,有助于保持空气清洁和健康,供我们呼吸,空前有不定式符号“to”,此处应用动词原形,故填 breathe。
84. Humans 【解析】考查名词。根据“...are cutting down trees”可知,人类正在砍伐树木,谓语 are 为复数形式,则主语应用复数形式,故填 Humans。
85. protect 【解析】考查动词。根据“We need to...the rainforests”可知,我们需要保护雨林,“need to do sth.”意为“需要做某事”,故填 protect。

【分析】
短文填空的解题思路：① 先通读全文，明确文章主题（本文围绕热带雨林的特征、重要性及现状展开），把握整体语境；② 结合每个空格给出的首字母提示，联系前后文的语义逻辑，推断所需单词的含义；③ 分析句子的语法结构，确定单词的正确形式（如名词的单复数、动词的时态与主谓一致、介词的固定搭配等）；④ 将填好的单词代入原文，检查语句是否通顺、符合逻辑。
【解析】
76. 结合语境，此处表示“数千种”，固定搭配“several thousand”意为“几千”，故填several；
77. 此处指赤道附近温暖潮湿的“地区”，area是可数名词，此处表泛指用复数形式，故填areas；
78. 句意为“它覆盖了很多土地”，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语it是第三人称单数，动词用第三人称单数形式，故填covers；
79. 句意为“高大的树木形成了林冠层”，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语The tall trees是复数，动词用原形，故填form；
80. 此处表示“在地面上方”，介词above意为“在……上方（不接触）”，符合语境，故填above；
81. 此处指“鸟、昆虫和动物的声音”，sound是可数名词，此处指多种声音用复数形式，故填sounds；
82. 句意为“雨林对我们的星球非常重要”，planet表示“星球”，此处指地球，用单数形式，故填planet；
83. 此处表示“供我们呼吸”，不定式符号to后接动词原形，故填breathe；
84. 句意为“人类正在砍伐树木”，谓语are是复数形式，主语要用复数名词，且位于句首首字母大写，故填Humans；
85. 此处表示“需要保护雨林”，固定搭配“need to do sth.”意为“需要做某事”，故填protect。
【答案】
76. several 77. areas 78. covers 79. form 80. above 81. sounds 82. planet 83. breathe 84. Humans 85. protect
【知识点】
词汇运用、名词单复数、动词时态
【点评】
本题为英语短文填空题，考查学生对词汇、语法及语境的综合运用能力，解题需结合首字母提示、上下文语义及语法规则，是初中英语的常见基础题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6