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C 阅读新考向------棉花糖测试
If you ask people to name a famous psychology study, the “marshmallow(棉花糖) test” would be the answer. In this task, young children are told they can immediately get a small reward(奖励) or wait to get a bigger reward. Researchers have shown that the ability to wait has something to do with some positive life outcomes.
“The classic marshmallow test has shaped the way researchers think about the development of self-control, which is an important skill,” said Gail Heyman, lead author of the study. “In addition to measuring self-control, the task may also be measuring another important skill: awareness(意识) of what other people value.”
Children were asked to stay in one of three conditions: a “teacher” condition, in which they were told that their teacher would find out how long they waited; or a “peer” condition, in which they were told that a classmate would find out how long they waited; or a “standard” condition that had no special signs.
Children waited longer in the teacher and peer conditions than in the standard condition, and they waited about twice as long in the teacher condition as compared to the peer condition.
The researchers said that when children decide how long to wait, they think about the benefits and costs, including getting a social reward like a better reputation(名声). The research shows that the desire to impress others is strong and can motivate human behaviour when people are at a very young age.
(
A. It’s about how children deal with rewards.
B. It’s about the development of children’s taste.
C. It’s about the importance of marshmallows.
D. It’s about the effect of rewards on adults.
(
A. By explaining the task to the children.
B. By asking the children to choose a reward.
C. By dividing the children into different groups.
D. By ordering the children to watch the time.
(
(
A. The Importance of Waiting
B. The Classic Marshmallow Test
C. Children’s Behaviour in Psychology Tests
D. The Development of Self-Control in Children
Discounted(打折的) blind food boxes, a rising trend(趋势) in China, have caught the interest of many Gen-Zers (指在 1995—2009 年之间出生的人) in the country, as this new choice gives them chances to enjoy food at a low price. At the same time, it can help reduce food waste.
People don’t know what food will be inside if they don’t open the box, which makes the blind box exciting and meets their curiosity(好奇心).
“I bought a blind box from a bread shop. Priced at 15. 9 yuan, it has three kinds of bread inside,” said a 23-year-old buyer, Miss Li. She said the bread in the blind box tastes pretty much the same as the one without discount and the main difference is that the box offers only fewer choices of bread.
“Discounted blind food boxes are mostly bought by young people around the age of 20 who are looking for good value and a low price,” said a post-95s bread shop owner, Mr Ren in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province.
“The introduction of discounted blind food boxes aims to reduce waste,” Ren said. “My store sells about three blind boxes every day which often sell out quickly.”
Apart from Ningbo, several other Chinese cities such as Hangzhou and Shanghai have offered this service with blind boxes such as baked goods, drinks, light meals and snacks. The blind food boxes are usually priced at a 60% or 70% discount.
(
A. To show others’ opinion.
B. To shock the readers.
C. To make the text complete.
D. To lead in the topic.
(
A. happy
B. excited
C. worried
D. sad
(
A. It is cheap but fine.
B. It meets people’s curiosity.
C. It can help reduce food waste.
D. It is popular among young people.
(
A. In space order.
B. In time order.
C. By giving examples.
D. By telling stories.
(
A. A guidebook.
B. A science magazine.
C. A storybook.
D. A newspaper.
If you ask people to name a famous psychology study, the “marshmallow(棉花糖) test” would be the answer. In this task, young children are told they can immediately get a small reward(奖励) or wait to get a bigger reward. Researchers have shown that the ability to wait has something to do with some positive life outcomes.
“The classic marshmallow test has shaped the way researchers think about the development of self-control, which is an important skill,” said Gail Heyman, lead author of the study. “In addition to measuring self-control, the task may also be measuring another important skill: awareness(意识) of what other people value.”
Children were asked to stay in one of three conditions: a “teacher” condition, in which they were told that their teacher would find out how long they waited; or a “peer” condition, in which they were told that a classmate would find out how long they waited; or a “standard” condition that had no special signs.
Children waited longer in the teacher and peer conditions than in the standard condition, and they waited about twice as long in the teacher condition as compared to the peer condition.
The researchers said that when children decide how long to wait, they think about the benefits and costs, including getting a social reward like a better reputation(名声). The research shows that the desire to impress others is strong and can motivate human behaviour when people are at a very young age.
(
A
)18. What is the famous study “marshmallow test” about?A. It’s about how children deal with rewards.
B. It’s about the development of children’s taste.
C. It’s about the importance of marshmallows.
D. It’s about the effect of rewards on adults.
(
C
)19. How did the researchers do the experiment?A. By explaining the task to the children.
B. By asking the children to choose a reward.
C. By dividing the children into different groups.
D. By ordering the children to watch the time.
(
B
)20. Which picture shows the result of the experiment?(
B
)21. What would be the best title for the text?A. The Importance of Waiting
B. The Classic Marshmallow Test
C. Children’s Behaviour in Psychology Tests
D. The Development of Self-Control in Children
Discounted(打折的) blind food boxes, a rising trend(趋势) in China, have caught the interest of many Gen-Zers (指在 1995—2009 年之间出生的人) in the country, as this new choice gives them chances to enjoy food at a low price. At the same time, it can help reduce food waste.
People don’t know what food will be inside if they don’t open the box, which makes the blind box exciting and meets their curiosity(好奇心).
“I bought a blind box from a bread shop. Priced at 15. 9 yuan, it has three kinds of bread inside,” said a 23-year-old buyer, Miss Li. She said the bread in the blind box tastes pretty much the same as the one without discount and the main difference is that the box offers only fewer choices of bread.
“Discounted blind food boxes are mostly bought by young people around the age of 20 who are looking for good value and a low price,” said a post-95s bread shop owner, Mr Ren in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province.
“The introduction of discounted blind food boxes aims to reduce waste,” Ren said. “My store sells about three blind boxes every day which often sell out quickly.”
Apart from Ningbo, several other Chinese cities such as Hangzhou and Shanghai have offered this service with blind boxes such as baked goods, drinks, light meals and snacks. The blind food boxes are usually priced at a 60% or 70% discount.
(
D
)22. What’s the main purpose of the first paragraph?A. To show others’ opinion.
B. To shock the readers.
C. To make the text complete.
D. To lead in the topic.
(
B
)23. Blind food boxes can make people feel .A. happy
B. excited
C. worried
D. sad
(
A
)24. What do young people around the age of 20 think of blind food boxes?A. It is cheap but fine.
B. It meets people’s curiosity.
C. It can help reduce food waste.
D. It is popular among young people.
(
C
)25. How does the writer develop the text from Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6?A. In space order.
B. In time order.
C. By giving examples.
D. By telling stories.
(
D
)26. Where is the text most probably taken from?A. A guidebook.
B. A science magazine.
C. A storybook.
D. A newspaper.
答案
18.A 19.C 20.B 21.B 22.D 23.B 24.A 25.C 26.D
【阅读理解】
C篇
文章大意:“棉花糖测试”被认为与自控力发展相关。新研究发现,它还能衡量孩子“感知他人价值观”的能力。研究将孩子分为三组,结果显示被告知老师或同学会知晓的孩子等待时间更长,且老师组等待时间是同学组的两倍。研究表明,孩子等待时会权衡利弊,渴望给他人留下好印象的欲望在幼年时就很强烈,能驱动行为。
第19题:细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Children were asked to stay in one of three conditions: a ‘teacher’ condition ... a ‘peer’ condition ... a ‘standard’ condition”实验关键是将孩子分为三组,设置不同条件进行对比,对应C;A、B是实验基础步骤,并非核心实验方式,D在原文无依据。故选C。
第21题:最佳标题题。全文围绕“棉花糖测试”展开,从测试原本的意义、新研究设计、实验结果到研究发现,核心均是该测试。B能概括全文核心;A、D仅涉及测试的部分意义,C范围过广(未聚焦“棉花糖测试”),均不适合作为标题。故选B。
D篇
文章大意:打折盲盒食品是中国的新兴趋势,因低价、能满足好奇心且减少食物浪费,受到众多Z世代青睐。盲盒内食品种类未知,价格通常打折,口感与正价食品相差不大,仅选择较少。宁波、杭州、上海等城市的店铺均有售卖,品类涵盖烘焙食品、饮品、轻食等,20岁左右的年轻人是主要购买群体,部分店铺的盲盒食品销量可观且常售罄。
第24题:细节理解题。根据第三段“Priced at 15.9 yuan ... the bread in the blind box tastes pretty much the same as the one without discount”;第四段“looking for good value and a low price”年轻人关注“性价比”和“低价”,且实际体验中食品口感与正价一致,即“便宜且优质”,对应A;B、C是盲盒的特点,并非年轻人的核心评价;D是客观现象,不是主观看法。
第25题:段落展开方式题。第三段举23岁买家李小姐的例子;第四、五段举宁波面包店老板任先生的例子;第六段举杭州、上海等城市的例子。第三至六段通过具体人物、店铺、城市的例子支撑主题,对应C;A、B、D均不符合段落展开方式。故选C。
【阅读理解】
C篇
文章大意:“棉花糖测试”被认为与自控力发展相关。新研究发现,它还能衡量孩子“感知他人价值观”的能力。研究将孩子分为三组,结果显示被告知老师或同学会知晓的孩子等待时间更长,且老师组等待时间是同学组的两倍。研究表明,孩子等待时会权衡利弊,渴望给他人留下好印象的欲望在幼年时就很强烈,能驱动行为。
第19题:细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Children were asked to stay in one of three conditions: a ‘teacher’ condition ... a ‘peer’ condition ... a ‘standard’ condition”实验关键是将孩子分为三组,设置不同条件进行对比,对应C;A、B是实验基础步骤,并非核心实验方式,D在原文无依据。故选C。
第21题:最佳标题题。全文围绕“棉花糖测试”展开,从测试原本的意义、新研究设计、实验结果到研究发现,核心均是该测试。B能概括全文核心;A、D仅涉及测试的部分意义,C范围过广(未聚焦“棉花糖测试”),均不适合作为标题。故选B。
D篇
文章大意:打折盲盒食品是中国的新兴趋势,因低价、能满足好奇心且减少食物浪费,受到众多Z世代青睐。盲盒内食品种类未知,价格通常打折,口感与正价食品相差不大,仅选择较少。宁波、杭州、上海等城市的店铺均有售卖,品类涵盖烘焙食品、饮品、轻食等,20岁左右的年轻人是主要购买群体,部分店铺的盲盒食品销量可观且常售罄。
第24题:细节理解题。根据第三段“Priced at 15.9 yuan ... the bread in the blind box tastes pretty much the same as the one without discount”;第四段“looking for good value and a low price”年轻人关注“性价比”和“低价”,且实际体验中食品口感与正价一致,即“便宜且优质”,对应A;B、C是盲盒的特点,并非年轻人的核心评价;D是客观现象,不是主观看法。
第25题:段落展开方式题。第三段举23岁买家李小姐的例子;第四、五段举宁波面包店老板任先生的例子;第六段举杭州、上海等城市的例子。第三至六段通过具体人物、店铺、城市的例子支撑主题,对应C;A、B、D均不符合段落展开方式。故选C。
解析
【分析】
对于英语阅读理解题目，需先通读文章把握核心大意，再针对每个题目，通过题干关键词定位原文对应内容，逐一分析选项，排除与原文不符的错误选项，选出正确答案。具体到各题：
C篇（棉花糖测试）：需定位测试的核心内容、实验方式、结果及全文主旨；D篇（盲盒食品）：需分析段落作用、人物感受、评价及文章来源等。
【解析】
C篇：
18题：根据第一段“In this task, young children are told they can immediately get a small reward or wait to get a bigger reward”，棉花糖测试围绕孩子处理奖励的方式展开，故选A。
19题：根据第三段“Children were asked to stay in one of three conditions: a ‘teacher’ condition... a ‘peer’ condition... a ‘standard’ condition”，实验核心是将孩子分为不同组对比，故选C。
20题：根据第四段“Children waited longer in the teacher and peer conditions than in the standard condition, and they waited about twice as long in the teacher condition as compared to the peer condition”，即老师组（灰色）等待时间最长，同伴组（白色）次之，标准组（黑色）最短，匹配插图B，故选B。
21题：全文围绕“棉花糖测试”展开，介绍其意义、实验设计及结果，B选项能概括核心，故选B。
D篇：
22题：第一段引出打折盲盒食品的话题，起到导入作用，故选D。
23题：根据第二段“which makes the blind box exciting and meets their curiosity”，盲盒让人兴奋，故选B。
24题：根据第三段“the bread in the blind box tastes pretty much the same as the one without discount”和第四段“looking for good value and a low price”，年轻人认为盲盒便宜且质量好，故选A。
25题：第3段举李小姐的例子，第4-5段举宁波面包店老板的例子，第6段举其他城市的例子，通过举例展开，故选C。
26题：文章介绍新兴的打折盲盒食品趋势，属于新闻类内容，最可能来自报纸，故选D。
【答案】
18.A 19.C 20.B 21.B 22.D 23.B 24.A 25.C 26.D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解题、主旨大意题
【点评】
本题为常规英语阅读理解题型，涵盖细节理解、标题归纳、段落结构等常见考点，考查学生快速定位原文信息、理解文章主旨的能力，题目设置贴合考试要求，需学生仔细核对原文细节，避免误判。
【难度系数】
0.6
对于英语阅读理解题目，需先通读文章把握核心大意，再针对每个题目，通过题干关键词定位原文对应内容，逐一分析选项，排除与原文不符的错误选项，选出正确答案。具体到各题：
C篇（棉花糖测试）：需定位测试的核心内容、实验方式、结果及全文主旨；D篇（盲盒食品）：需分析段落作用、人物感受、评价及文章来源等。
【解析】
C篇：
18题：根据第一段“In this task, young children are told they can immediately get a small reward or wait to get a bigger reward”，棉花糖测试围绕孩子处理奖励的方式展开，故选A。
19题：根据第三段“Children were asked to stay in one of three conditions: a ‘teacher’ condition... a ‘peer’ condition... a ‘standard’ condition”，实验核心是将孩子分为不同组对比，故选C。
20题：根据第四段“Children waited longer in the teacher and peer conditions than in the standard condition, and they waited about twice as long in the teacher condition as compared to the peer condition”，即老师组（灰色）等待时间最长，同伴组（白色）次之，标准组（黑色）最短，匹配插图B，故选B。
21题：全文围绕“棉花糖测试”展开，介绍其意义、实验设计及结果，B选项能概括核心，故选B。
D篇：
22题：第一段引出打折盲盒食品的话题，起到导入作用，故选D。
23题：根据第二段“which makes the blind box exciting and meets their curiosity”，盲盒让人兴奋，故选B。
24题：根据第三段“the bread in the blind box tastes pretty much the same as the one without discount”和第四段“looking for good value and a low price”，年轻人认为盲盒便宜且质量好，故选A。
25题：第3段举李小姐的例子，第4-5段举宁波面包店老板的例子，第6段举其他城市的例子，通过举例展开，故选C。
26题：文章介绍新兴的打折盲盒食品趋势，属于新闻类内容，最可能来自报纸，故选D。
【答案】
18.A 19.C 20.B 21.B 22.D 23.B 24.A 25.C 26.D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解题、主旨大意题
【点评】
本题为常规英语阅读理解题型，涵盖细节理解、标题归纳、段落结构等常见考点，考查学生快速定位原文信息、理解文章主旨的能力，题目设置贴合考试要求，需学生仔细核对原文细节，避免误判。
【难度系数】
0.6
