Ⅰ. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Tiangong is China's (one) long-term space station.
2. Zhurong rover (successful) landed on Mars in 2021.
3. Astronauts can (easy) move heavy equipment in space because there is no gravity.
4. It is (believe) that space exploration will help humans find new resources.
5. China is going to send a (man) mission to the moon.
1. Tiangong is China's (one) long-term space station.
2. Zhurong rover (successful) landed on Mars in 2021.
3. Astronauts can (easy) move heavy equipment in space because there is no gravity.
4. It is (believe) that space exploration will help humans find new resources.
5. China is going to send a (man) mission to the moon.
答案
1. first
2. successfully
3. easily
4. believed
5. manned
2. successfully
3. easily
4. believed
5. manned
解析
【分析】
本题为英语单词适当形式填空题,需结合句子结构、语法规则及固定搭配转换词汇形式:1题需用序数词表顺序;2、3题需用副词修饰动词;4题涉及固定句型;5题需用形容词修饰名词。
【解析】
1. 句意:天宫是中国第一个长期空间站,此处需用one的序数词first表示“第一个”,故填first。
2. 空格修饰动词landed,需用successful的副词形式successfully,故填successfully。
3. 空格修饰动词move,需用easy的副词形式easily,故填easily。
4. 固定句型It is believed that...(人们相信……),此处用believe的过去分词形式,故填believed。
5. 空格修饰名词mission,需用man的形容词形式manned表示“载人的”,故填manned。
【答案】
1. first
2. successfully
3. easily
4. believed
5. manned
【知识点】
序数词、副词的用法、固定句型
【点评】
本题考查基础英语词汇变形,涉及序数词转换、副词修饰动词、固定句式及形容词构成,需掌握基础语法规则,难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5
本题为英语单词适当形式填空题,需结合句子结构、语法规则及固定搭配转换词汇形式:1题需用序数词表顺序;2、3题需用副词修饰动词;4题涉及固定句型;5题需用形容词修饰名词。
【解析】
1. 句意:天宫是中国第一个长期空间站,此处需用one的序数词first表示“第一个”,故填first。
2. 空格修饰动词landed,需用successful的副词形式successfully,故填successfully。
3. 空格修饰动词move,需用easy的副词形式easily,故填easily。
4. 固定句型It is believed that...(人们相信……),此处用believe的过去分词形式,故填believed。
5. 空格修饰名词mission,需用man的形容词形式manned表示“载人的”,故填manned。
【答案】
1. first
2. successfully
3. easily
4. believed
5. manned
【知识点】
序数词、副词的用法、固定句型
【点评】
本题考查基础英语词汇变形,涉及序数词转换、副词修饰动词、固定句式及形容词构成,需掌握基础语法规则,难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5
Ⅱ. 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空
send, improve, discover, launch, complete
1. The tiangong space station in 2022.
2. A new star by the space telescope last month.
3. The spacesuit by scientists every year to keep astronauts safe.
4. More astronauts to the space station in the future.
5. A small satellite next week.
send, improve, discover, launch, complete
1. The tiangong space station in 2022.
2. A new star by the space telescope last month.
3. The spacesuit by scientists every year to keep astronauts safe.
4. More astronauts to the space station in the future.
5. A small satellite next week.
答案
1. was completed
2. was discovered
3. is improved
4. will be sent
5. will be launched
2. was discovered
3. is improved
4. will be sent
5. will be launched
解析
【分析】这道题考查动词的被动语态运用,解题思路如下:1. 先判断每个句子的主语与所给动词的逻辑关系:主语是动作的承受者,因此需使用被动语态(被动语态基本结构:be动词+动词过去分词);2. 结合句子中的时间状语确定be动词的时态:过去时间(如2022、last month)对应一般过去时,经常发生的时间(如every year)对应一般现在时,将来时间(如in the future、next week)对应一般将来时;3. 根据主语的单复数确定be动词的正确形式,最后将所给动词转换为过去分词,组合成正确的被动结构。
【解析】1. 主语“天宫空间站”是“完成”动作的承受者,时间状语in 2022表过去,主语为单数,故用一般过去时被动语态,填was completed;2. 主语“新恒星”是“发现”动作的承受者,时间状语last month表过去,主语为单数,故用一般过去时被动语态,填was discovered;3. 主语“宇航服”是“改进”动作的承受者,时间状语every year表经常发生,主语为单数,故用一般现在时被动语态,填is improved;4. 主语“更多宇航员”是“发送”动作的承受者,时间状语in the future表将来,故用一般将来时被动语态,填will be sent;5. 主语“小型卫星”是“发射”动作的承受者,时间状语next week表将来,故用一般将来时被动语态,填will be launched。
【答案】1. was completed;2. was discovered;3. is improved;4. will be sent;5. will be launched
【知识点】一般过去时被动语态、一般现在时被动语态、一般将来时被动语态
【点评】本题聚焦不同时态下被动语态的基础运用,需学生准确判断主被动关系及时间对应的时态,是初中英语语法的核心基础题型,难度适中,只要掌握被动语态结构即可正确解答。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】1. 主语“天宫空间站”是“完成”动作的承受者,时间状语in 2022表过去,主语为单数,故用一般过去时被动语态,填was completed;2. 主语“新恒星”是“发现”动作的承受者,时间状语last month表过去,主语为单数,故用一般过去时被动语态,填was discovered;3. 主语“宇航服”是“改进”动作的承受者,时间状语every year表经常发生,主语为单数,故用一般现在时被动语态,填is improved;4. 主语“更多宇航员”是“发送”动作的承受者,时间状语in the future表将来,故用一般将来时被动语态,填will be sent;5. 主语“小型卫星”是“发射”动作的承受者,时间状语next week表将来,故用一般将来时被动语态,填will be launched。
【答案】1. was completed;2. was discovered;3. is improved;4. will be sent;5. will be launched
【知识点】一般过去时被动语态、一般现在时被动语态、一般将来时被动语态
【点评】本题聚焦不同时态下被动语态的基础运用,需学生准确判断主被动关系及时间对应的时态,是初中英语语法的核心基础题型,难度适中,只要掌握被动语态结构即可正确解答。
【难度系数】0.6
Ⅲ. 补全对话
根据下面的对话情景,在空白处填入一个适当的句子,使对话的意思连贯、完整。
(Li Hua and Wang Wei are talking about China's moon program.)
Li Hua: Hi, Wang Wei. I've just read news about China's moon program.
Wang Wei: 1.
Li Hua: It says China will send people to the moon soon.
Wang Wei: 2.
Li Hua: Maybe around 2030.
Wang Wei: 3.
Li Hua: They will do experiments and take photos there.
Wang Wei: 4.
Li Hua: You are right. Our country's space industry is getting stronger and stronger.
Wang Wei: 5.
Li Hua: I hope your dream of going to space can come true.
根据下面的对话情景,在空白处填入一个适当的句子,使对话的意思连贯、完整。
(Li Hua and Wang Wei are talking about China's moon program.)
Li Hua: Hi, Wang Wei. I've just read news about China's moon program.
Wang Wei: 1.
Li Hua: It says China will send people to the moon soon.
Wang Wei: 2.
Li Hua: Maybe around 2030.
Wang Wei: 3.
Li Hua: They will do experiments and take photos there.
Wang Wei: 4.
Li Hua: You are right. Our country's space industry is getting stronger and stronger.
Wang Wei: 5.
Li Hua: I hope your dream of going to space can come true.
答案
参考示例:
1. What does the news say?
2. When will China send people to the moon?
3. What will people do on the moon?
4. Our country is really amazing!
5. I have a dream that I can go to space one day.
1. What does the news say?
2. When will China send people to the moon?
3. What will people do on the moon?
4. Our country is really amazing!
5. I have a dream that I can go to space one day.
解析
【分析】
补全对话需结合上下文的问答逻辑,明确每处空白的语境作用:1. 李华提及读了登月计划的新闻,下文李华会回答新闻内容,故此处需询问新闻具体内容;2. 下文李华回答时间,此处需提问中国送人类登月的时间;3. 下文李华回答登月后的活动,此处需提问人们在月球上要做的事;4. 李华提到国家航天变强,此处需表达对国家的赞叹;5. 下文李华提及王伟的太空梦,此处需说明自己的太空梦想。
【解析】
1. 根据上文李华说读了登月计划的新闻,下文李华回答新闻内容,可知此处应询问新闻内容,故填What does the news say?;
2. 根据下文李华回答时间,可知此处应提问中国送人类登月的时间,故填When will China send people to the moon?;
3. 根据下文李华回答登月后的活动,可知此处应提问人们在月球上要做的事,故填What will people do on the moon?;
4. 根据下文李华说国家航天变强,可知此处应表达对国家的赞叹,故填Our country is really amazing!;
5. 根据下文李华说希望王伟的太空梦实现,可知此处应说明自己的太空梦想,故填I have a dream that I can go to space one day.
【答案】
1. What does the news say?
2. When will China send people to the moon?
3. What will people do on the moon?
4. Our country is really amazing!
5. I have a dream that I can go to space one day.
【知识点】
日常交际用语、补全对话
【点评】
本题为情景对话补全题,考查学生日常交际用语的运用能力,需结合上下文的问答逻辑推导空白处内容,难度适中,理清对话的问答对应关系即可完成。
【难度系数】
0.7
补全对话需结合上下文的问答逻辑,明确每处空白的语境作用:1. 李华提及读了登月计划的新闻,下文李华会回答新闻内容,故此处需询问新闻具体内容;2. 下文李华回答时间,此处需提问中国送人类登月的时间;3. 下文李华回答登月后的活动,此处需提问人们在月球上要做的事;4. 李华提到国家航天变强,此处需表达对国家的赞叹;5. 下文李华提及王伟的太空梦,此处需说明自己的太空梦想。
【解析】
1. 根据上文李华说读了登月计划的新闻,下文李华回答新闻内容,可知此处应询问新闻内容,故填What does the news say?;
2. 根据下文李华回答时间,可知此处应提问中国送人类登月的时间,故填When will China send people to the moon?;
3. 根据下文李华回答登月后的活动,可知此处应提问人们在月球上要做的事,故填What will people do on the moon?;
4. 根据下文李华说国家航天变强,可知此处应表达对国家的赞叹,故填Our country is really amazing!;
5. 根据下文李华说希望王伟的太空梦实现,可知此处应说明自己的太空梦想,故填I have a dream that I can go to space one day.
【答案】
1. What does the news say?
2. When will China send people to the moon?
3. What will people do on the moon?
4. Our country is really amazing!
5. I have a dream that I can go to space one day.
【知识点】
日常交际用语、补全对话
【点评】
本题为情景对话补全题,考查学生日常交际用语的运用能力,需结合上下文的问答逻辑推导空白处内容,难度适中,理清对话的问答对应关系即可完成。
【难度系数】
0.7
Ⅳ. 完形填空
Man has invented many kinds of satellites. The first kind of satellite studies the of the earth. They are used to make maps. They also help countries to
see where they may find oil and gold.
The second kind of satellite is used to ships and planes. A ship or a plane can send a message to the satellite when it gets lost. The satellite can where the ship or the plane is and give the right direction.
The third kind studies the weather. These satellites clouds and strong winds moving across the earth. They warn countries to make preparations when very weather is coming.
The fourth kind is used for . Telephone calls between countries can be sent by these satellites. Some can carry hundreds of calls at the same time. When you call your American friend in China, the call is sent to the , and then the satellite sends it to a station in America and his is ringing. These satellites also carry pictures. They can and send about eight programs at a time, which we can watch on TV.
1. A. biology B. history
C. physics D. geography
2. A. build B. guide
C. include D. create
3. A. find out B. look out
C. set out D. put out
4. A. search B. watch
C. hear D. make
5. A. sunny B. cool
C. fine D. bad
6. A. expression B. situation
C. introduction D. communication
7. A. finally B. hardly
C. even D. never
8. A. moon B. star
C. planet D. satellite
9. A. television B. radio
C. telephone D. camera
10. A. learn B. receive
C. develop D. invent
Man has invented many kinds of satellites. The first kind of satellite studies the of the earth. They are used to make maps. They also help countries to
see where they may find oil and gold.
The second kind of satellite is used to ships and planes. A ship or a plane can send a message to the satellite when it gets lost. The satellite can where the ship or the plane is and give the right direction.
The third kind studies the weather. These satellites clouds and strong winds moving across the earth. They warn countries to make preparations when very weather is coming.
The fourth kind is used for . Telephone calls between countries can be sent by these satellites. Some can carry hundreds of calls at the same time. When you call your American friend in China, the call is sent to the , and then the satellite sends it to a station in America and his is ringing. These satellites also carry pictures. They can and send about eight programs at a time, which we can watch on TV.
1. A. biology B. history
C. physics D. geography
2. A. build B. guide
C. include D. create
3. A. find out B. look out
C. set out D. put out
4. A. search B. watch
C. hear D. make
5. A. sunny B. cool
C. fine D. bad
6. A. expression B. situation
C. introduction D. communication
7. A. finally B. hardly
C. even D. never
8. A. moon B. star
C. planet D. satellite
9. A. television B. radio
C. telephone D. camera
10. A. learn B. receive
C. develop D. invent
答案
1-5 DBABD 6-10 DCDCB
解析
【分析】
本题是关于不同种类卫星功能的完形填空,需结合上下文语境、词汇含义及固定搭配逐一分析空格:第1题由“制作地图”判断是地理相关;第2题根据“迷路时卫星给方向”确定是引导;第3题需选表示“查明位置”的短语;第4题气象卫星对应“观测”;第5题气象预警对应“坏天气”;第6题后文提到跨国电话,确定是通信;第7题表递进选“甚至”;第8题通话信号发送到卫星;第9题朋友的电话响;第10题卫星“接收”节目。
【解析】
1. 后文“make maps(制作地图)”提示第一种卫星研究地球的地理,geography(地理)符合,故选D。
2. 后文“船或飞机迷路时卫星提供正确方向”说明第二种卫星用于引导,guide(引导)符合,故选B。
3. 卫星需查明船/飞机的位置,find out(查明)符合语境,其他选项(look out小心、set out出发、put out扑灭)不符,故选A。
4. 气象卫星的功能是观测云层和风,watch(观测)符合,其他选项不符,故选B。
5. 气象卫星预警恶劣天气,bad(坏的)符合,故选D。
6. 后文“跨国电话通过卫星传输”说明第四种卫星用于通信,communication(通信)符合,故选D。
7. 此处表递进,even(甚至)符合“能同时承载数百个电话”的语境,故选C。
8. 跨国通话时信号先发送到卫星,satellite(卫星)符合,故选D。
9. 给美国朋友打电话,朋友的电话会响,telephone(电话)符合,故选C。
10. 卫星能接收和发送节目,receive(接收)符合,故选B。
【答案】
1-5 DBABD 6-10 DCDCB
【知识点】
完形填空词汇辨析、上下文语境理解
【点评】
本文围绕四种卫星的功能展开,考查学生结合语境辨析词汇的能力,难度适中,是初中阶段常见的完形填空题型。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题是关于不同种类卫星功能的完形填空,需结合上下文语境、词汇含义及固定搭配逐一分析空格:第1题由“制作地图”判断是地理相关;第2题根据“迷路时卫星给方向”确定是引导;第3题需选表示“查明位置”的短语;第4题气象卫星对应“观测”;第5题气象预警对应“坏天气”;第6题后文提到跨国电话,确定是通信;第7题表递进选“甚至”;第8题通话信号发送到卫星;第9题朋友的电话响;第10题卫星“接收”节目。
【解析】
1. 后文“make maps(制作地图)”提示第一种卫星研究地球的地理,geography(地理)符合,故选D。
2. 后文“船或飞机迷路时卫星提供正确方向”说明第二种卫星用于引导,guide(引导)符合,故选B。
3. 卫星需查明船/飞机的位置,find out(查明)符合语境,其他选项(look out小心、set out出发、put out扑灭)不符,故选A。
4. 气象卫星的功能是观测云层和风,watch(观测)符合,其他选项不符,故选B。
5. 气象卫星预警恶劣天气,bad(坏的)符合,故选D。
6. 后文“跨国电话通过卫星传输”说明第四种卫星用于通信,communication(通信)符合,故选D。
7. 此处表递进,even(甚至)符合“能同时承载数百个电话”的语境,故选C。
8. 跨国通话时信号先发送到卫星,satellite(卫星)符合,故选D。
9. 给美国朋友打电话,朋友的电话会响,telephone(电话)符合,故选C。
10. 卫星能接收和发送节目,receive(接收)符合,故选B。
【答案】
1-5 DBABD 6-10 DCDCB
【知识点】
完形填空词汇辨析、上下文语境理解
【点评】
本文围绕四种卫星的功能展开,考查学生结合语境辨析词汇的能力,难度适中,是初中阶段常见的完形填空题型。
【难度系数】
0.6
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