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Ⅴ. 阅读理解
新素材 月球建造 We use bricks to make houses on Earth, but what about building things on the moon? Well, you use “lunar bricks”, of course!
Scientists at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology(HUST) have developed “lunar bricks”. They hope to use the bricks to build a base on the moon.
To make the bricks, the scientists used a simulated(模拟的) lunar soil. The bricks are three times stronger than normal bricks or red bricks. They also have mortise and tenon joint structures(榫卯结构), which were used in ancient Chinese buildings. This makes it possible to simply put these bricks together.
Professor Zhou Cheng from HUST told Xinhua that they had tested five different kinds of simulated lunar soil and used three ways to harden them. This helped them choose the best materials for making the bricks. Lunar soil isn't the same everywhere on the moon, Zhou added. For example, one of the kinds tested simulates the lunar soil at the landing site of Chang'e 5, which is mainly basalt(玄武岩).
The lunar bricks need to be tested well before being used because the moon has a terrible environment. Quakes（月震） often happen there, and radiation is high. It gets as hot as $180° \mathrm{C}$ during the day and as cold as $-190° \mathrm{C}$ at night.
The lunar bricks were sent to China's space station on the Tianzhou 8 spacecraft. There, scientists checked how well the bricks did in space.
The first brick has returned to the Earth. China hopes to build a lunar research station between 2028 and 2035.
1. The lunar bricks are developed to
A. study the lunar soil
B. build a base on the moon
C. test the weather on the moon
D. create stronger building materials on Earth
2. 语言能力 理解能力 What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Normal bricks.
B. Red bricks.
C. Lunar bricks.
D. The scientists.
3. Why was it necessary for the researchers to test different kinds of lunar soil simulant?
A. They wanted to find materials.
B. The simulant is different from real lunar soil.
C. They wanted to find the best basalt for the bricks.
D. The soil on the moon changes from place to place.
4. What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. How the lunar bricks were made.
B. How the lunar bricks were tested.
C. Why lunar bricks need to be tested.
D. What the weather is like on the moon.
5. What can we learn about the lunar bricks from the text?
A. They were tested in China's space station.
B. A base built by lunar bricks was made on Earth.
C. Scientists had used five ways to harden the bricks.
D. They will soon be used to build a lunar research station.
新素材 月球建造 We use bricks to make houses on Earth, but what about building things on the moon? Well, you use “lunar bricks”, of course!
Scientists at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology(HUST) have developed “lunar bricks”. They hope to use the bricks to build a base on the moon.
To make the bricks, the scientists used a simulated(模拟的) lunar soil. The bricks are three times stronger than normal bricks or red bricks. They also have mortise and tenon joint structures(榫卯结构), which were used in ancient Chinese buildings. This makes it possible to simply put these bricks together.
Professor Zhou Cheng from HUST told Xinhua that they had tested five different kinds of simulated lunar soil and used three ways to harden them. This helped them choose the best materials for making the bricks. Lunar soil isn't the same everywhere on the moon, Zhou added. For example, one of the kinds tested simulates the lunar soil at the landing site of Chang'e 5, which is mainly basalt(玄武岩).
The lunar bricks need to be tested well before being used because the moon has a terrible environment. Quakes（月震） often happen there, and radiation is high. It gets as hot as $180° \mathrm{C}$ during the day and as cold as $-190° \mathrm{C}$ at night.
The lunar bricks were sent to China's space station on the Tianzhou 8 spacecraft. There, scientists checked how well the bricks did in space.
The first brick has returned to the Earth. China hopes to build a lunar research station between 2028 and 2035.
1. The lunar bricks are developed to
B
.A. study the lunar soil
B. build a base on the moon
C. test the weather on the moon
D. create stronger building materials on Earth
2. 语言能力 理解能力 What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Normal bricks.
B. Red bricks.
C. Lunar bricks.
D. The scientists.
3. Why was it necessary for the researchers to test different kinds of lunar soil simulant?
A. They wanted to find materials.
B. The simulant is different from real lunar soil.
C. They wanted to find the best basalt for the bricks.
D. The soil on the moon changes from place to place.
4. What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. How the lunar bricks were made.
B. How the lunar bricks were tested.
C. Why lunar bricks need to be tested.
D. What the weather is like on the moon.
5. What can we learn about the lunar bricks from the text?
A. They were tested in China's space station.
B. A base built by lunar bricks was made on Earth.
C. Scientists had used five ways to harden the bricks.
D. They will soon be used to build a lunar research station.
答案
1.B 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了华中科技大学科学家研发的“月壤砖”,包括其制作材料、结构特点、测试原因及未来发展计划。
1. B 解析:细节理解题。根据第二段“They hope to use the bricks to build a base on the moon.”可知,月壤砖用于在月球上建造基地。故选 B。
2. C 解析:代词指代题。根据第三段“The bricks are three times stronger than normal bricks or red bricks. They also have mortise and tenon joint structures”可知,They 指代的是前文提到的“lunar bricks”。故选 C。
3. D 解析:细节理解题。根据第四段“Lunar soil isn't the same everywhere on the moon, Zhou added.”可知,月球不同地方的土壤不同,因此需要测试不同的模拟月壤。故选 D。
4. C 解析:段落大意题。第五段首句“The lunar bricks need to be tested well before being used because the moon has a terrible environment.”点明本段主旨,即月壤砖需要测试的原因。故选 C。
5. A 解析:细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The lunar bricks were sent to China's space station on the Tianzhou 8 spacecraft. There, scientists checked how well the bricks did in space.”可知,月壤砖在中国空间站进行了测试。故选 A。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了华中科技大学科学家研发的“月壤砖”,包括其制作材料、结构特点、测试原因及未来发展计划。
1. B 解析:细节理解题。根据第二段“They hope to use the bricks to build a base on the moon.”可知,月壤砖用于在月球上建造基地。故选 B。
2. C 解析:代词指代题。根据第三段“The bricks are three times stronger than normal bricks or red bricks. They also have mortise and tenon joint structures”可知,They 指代的是前文提到的“lunar bricks”。故选 C。
3. D 解析:细节理解题。根据第四段“Lunar soil isn't the same everywhere on the moon, Zhou added.”可知,月球不同地方的土壤不同,因此需要测试不同的模拟月壤。故选 D。
4. C 解析:段落大意题。第五段首句“The lunar bricks need to be tested well before being used because the moon has a terrible environment.”点明本段主旨,即月壤砖需要测试的原因。故选 C。
5. A 解析:细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The lunar bricks were sent to China's space station on the Tianzhou 8 spacecraft. There, scientists checked how well the bricks did in space.”可知,月壤砖在中国空间站进行了测试。故选 A。
解析
【分析】本题是一篇关于月壤砖的科技类说明文阅读，包含细节理解、代词指代、段落大意概括三类题型。解题时需先通读原文把握主旨，再针对每道题的题型，定位原文对应信息：细节题需精准找到题干相关的原文语句；代词指代题需结合上下文，明确代词所指代的前文内容；段落大意题需抓住段落主旨句，排除片面选项，逐一比对选项得出答案。
【解析】1. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段“They hope to use the bricks to build a base on the moon.”可知，研发月壤砖是为了在月球建造基地，故选B。
2. 代词指代题：第三段前半句提到“The bricks are three times stronger than normal bricks or red bricks.”，后半句“They also have mortise and tenon joint structures”中的They指代前文的lunar bricks，故选C。
3. 细节理解题：根据原文第四段“Lunar soil isn't the same everywhere on the moon”可知，月球各处土壤不同，因此需要测试不同的模拟月壤，故选D。
4. 段落大意题：第五段首句“The lunar bricks need to be tested well before being used because the moon has a terrible environment.”点明本段主旨，即月壤砖需要测试的原因，故选C。
5. 细节理解题：根据原文倒数第二段“The lunar bricks were sent to China's space station on the Tianzhou 8 spacecraft. There, scientists checked how well the bricks did in space.”可知，月壤砖在中国空间站接受了测试，故选A。
【答案】1.B 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.A
【知识点】阅读理解细节理解、代词指代、段落大意概括
【点评】本文围绕“月壤砖”的研发展开，属于科技类说明文，考查学生的信息定位、逻辑分析及主旨概括能力，题型为初中英语常规阅读题型，需学生仔细阅读原文，找准对应信息即可解题。
【难度系数】0.7
【解析】1. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段“They hope to use the bricks to build a base on the moon.”可知，研发月壤砖是为了在月球建造基地，故选B。
2. 代词指代题：第三段前半句提到“The bricks are three times stronger than normal bricks or red bricks.”，后半句“They also have mortise and tenon joint structures”中的They指代前文的lunar bricks，故选C。
3. 细节理解题：根据原文第四段“Lunar soil isn't the same everywhere on the moon”可知，月球各处土壤不同，因此需要测试不同的模拟月壤，故选D。
4. 段落大意题：第五段首句“The lunar bricks need to be tested well before being used because the moon has a terrible environment.”点明本段主旨，即月壤砖需要测试的原因，故选C。
5. 细节理解题：根据原文倒数第二段“The lunar bricks were sent to China's space station on the Tianzhou 8 spacecraft. There, scientists checked how well the bricks did in space.”可知，月壤砖在中国空间站接受了测试，故选A。
【答案】1.B 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.A
【知识点】阅读理解细节理解、代词指代、段落大意概括
【点评】本文围绕“月壤砖”的研发展开，属于科技类说明文，考查学生的信息定位、逻辑分析及主旨概括能力，题型为初中英语常规阅读题型，需学生仔细阅读原文，找准对应信息即可解题。
【难度系数】0.7
