一、信息还原
阅读短文，从方框中选出能填入空格处的最佳选项，有一个多余选项。
Alaska is the biggest of all the 50 US states. Over the past 60 years, Alaska has been about 3°F (about 1.7°C) warmer. 1 This changes ecosystems. Alaska will get warmer. It will also have more rain and snow. Climate change is affecting (影响) many people, animals and ecosystems.
Permafrost (永久冻土) is frozen soil which lies a few feet under the ground. Permafrost usually stays frozen all year. 2 Some part of it is melting, though. As it melts, it gets softer. The ground above can fall down. 3 In Alaska, there are many roads and buildings on top of it. As it melts, they will also get damaged. It will cost a lot of money to fix them.
Lakes in Alaska are also changing because of climate change. Some get bigger. 4 Millions of birds travel to these lakes when it’s warm. Alaska’s local people hunt and fish for food there too.
Warmer, drier weather makes wildfires more frequent. 5 Fires change the forest. More insects come and harm the forest. That means more dead trees. And then, dead trees catch fire easily.
A. Others get smaller.
B. Most of Alaska has permafrost.
C. It is very hard to move to safer areas.
D. This can cause damage to whatever is built on top of it.
E. That is more than twice as much as the rest of the United States.
F. Large wildfires have destroyed more forests in Alaska in recent recorded decades.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

1.E 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.F

【分析】
解答本题需先通读全文，把握文章主题为阿拉斯加气候变化的影响，再逐空分析上下文的逻辑关系（如指代、并列、因果等），结合选项的语义和结构匹配最佳答案：
1. 第1空：前句提及阿拉斯加60年升温约3°F，需找与升温幅度对比的内容，选项E的That指代升温数据，符合语境；
2. 第2空：本段围绕永久冻土展开，前句介绍永久冻土的特性，需说明阿拉斯加的永久冻土分布情况，选项B承接上下文；
3. 第3空：前句提到永久冻土融化导致地面塌陷，需说明塌陷的影响，选项D衔接下文道路建筑受损的内容；
4. 第4空：前句出现“Some get bigger”，对应选项A的“Others get smaller”，符合Some...Others...的并列结构；
5. 第5空：本段主题为野火，前句提及野火更频繁，需说明野火的影响，选项F衔接下文火灾对森林的改变。
【解析】
1. 第1空：前句说明阿拉斯加60年升温约3°F，选项E“那比美国其他地区的两倍还多”中That指代升温数据，与前文衔接自然，故选E；
2. 第2空：本段核心为永久冻土，前句介绍永久冻土的状态，选项B“阿拉斯加大部分地区有永久冻土”承接上下文，故选B；
3. 第3空：前句提到永久冻土融化导致地面塌陷，选项D“这会对建在它上面的任何东西造成损坏”衔接下文道路建筑受损的内容，故选D；
4. 第4空：前句出现“Some get bigger”，选项A“其他的变小”符合Some...Others...的并列句式，故选A；
5. 第5空：本段围绕野火展开，前句提及野火更频繁，选项F“近几十年来，阿拉斯加的大型野火已经摧毁了更多森林”衔接下文火灾对森林的影响，故选F。
【答案】
1.E 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.F
【知识点】
信息还原阅读、上下文逻辑衔接、语篇理解
【点评】
本题为英语信息还原题，考查学生对语篇的整体理解能力及上下文逻辑关系的把握，解题时需先明确段落主题，再结合前后句的关键词、句式结构或指代关系匹配选项，难度中等，是初中英语常见题型。
【难度系数】
0.5

二、微写作
保护空气、土壤、水等非生物因素对维持生态系统的健康至关重要。为此我们可以采取哪些行动呢？请简要谈谈你的想法。不少于5句话。

Sample writing:
We should save energy to keep the air clean. Plant more trees because they can produce more oxygen. Use both sides of the paper to save trees. Don't waste water, as it's important for all of us. Put rubbish in the right place to keep water clean. These small things help keep our ecosystems healthy and protect our planet.

【分析】本题为英语微写作题，主题是围绕“保护空气、土壤、水等非生物因素以维持生态系统健康”，要求写出具体可行的行动，且不少于5句话。解题思路：首先确定写作核心是“具体的环保行动”，可从空气、水、资源节约等角度选取贴近生活的小行动，每句围绕一个行动展开，注意语句连贯，符合英语表达习惯，确保达到不少于5句的要求。
【解析】本题需围绕环保主题，写出保护空气、水等非生物因素的具体行动，以下是符合要求的范文：We should save energy to keep the air clean. Plant more trees because they can produce more oxygen. Use both sides of the paper to save trees. Don't waste water, as it's important for all of us. Put rubbish in the right place to keep water clean. These small things help keep our ecosystems healthy and protect our planet.
【答案】We should save energy to keep the air clean. Plant more trees because they can produce more oxygen. Use both sides of the paper to save trees. Don't waste water, as it's important for all of us. Put rubbish in the right place to keep water clean. These small things help keep our ecosystems healthy and protect our planet.
【知识点】英语微写作、环保主题英语表达、句子连贯写作
【点评】本题考查学生围绕指定环保主题进行英语微写作的能力，要求内容具体、语句连贯，贴近生活实际，学生易选取熟悉的环保行动展开写作，符合初中英语写作的考查要求。
【难度系数】0.6