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Ⅲ. 阅读理解(每小题2分,共20分)
A
What can trees tell us about climate change? Quite a lot, actually! But to understand what the trees tell us, we first have to understand the difference between weather and climate.
Weather is a specific(具体的) event—like a rainstorm or hot day—that happens over a short period of time. Weather can be tracked(追踪) within hours or days. Climate is the weather conditions in a place over a long period of time(30 years or more).
Scientists at the National Weather Service have been keeping track of weather in the United States since 1891. But trees can keep a much longer record of the earth's climate. In fact, trees can live for hundreds—and sometimes even thousands of years.
One way that scientists use trees to learn about past climate is by studying a tree's rings. If you've ever seen a tree stump(树桩), you probably noticed that the top of the stump had some rings.
These rings can tell us how old the tree is, and what the weather was like during each year of the tree's life. The light-coloured rings represent wood that grew in spring and early summer, while the dark rings represent wood that grew in late summer and autumn. One light ring and one dark ring represent one year of the tree's life.
Because trees can be easily influenced by local climate conditions, such as rain and temperature, they give scientists some information about that area's local climate in the past. For example, tree rings usually grow wider in warm, wet years and they are thinner in years when it is cold and dry. If the tree has experienced difficult conditions, such as a drought(干旱), the tree might hardly grow at all in those years.
1. 新考法 写作手法 Paragraph 2 is developed mainly by
A. making comparisons
B. telling stories
C. showing causes
D. following the time order
2. Dark rings would appear when the tree grew in
A. spring
B. early summer
C. autumn
D. late winter
3. The underlined word "influenced" in the last paragraph means "
A. used
B. changed
C. polluted
D. protected
4. 新考法 图示理解 Which picture shows the rings in dry years?
5. 语言能力 归纳能力 What is the text mainly about?
A. The life of a tree.
B. Tree rings and seasons.
C. The need to plant trees.
D. Trees and climate change.
A
What can trees tell us about climate change? Quite a lot, actually! But to understand what the trees tell us, we first have to understand the difference between weather and climate.
Weather is a specific(具体的) event—like a rainstorm or hot day—that happens over a short period of time. Weather can be tracked(追踪) within hours or days. Climate is the weather conditions in a place over a long period of time(30 years or more).
Scientists at the National Weather Service have been keeping track of weather in the United States since 1891. But trees can keep a much longer record of the earth's climate. In fact, trees can live for hundreds—and sometimes even thousands of years.
One way that scientists use trees to learn about past climate is by studying a tree's rings. If you've ever seen a tree stump(树桩), you probably noticed that the top of the stump had some rings.
These rings can tell us how old the tree is, and what the weather was like during each year of the tree's life. The light-coloured rings represent wood that grew in spring and early summer, while the dark rings represent wood that grew in late summer and autumn. One light ring and one dark ring represent one year of the tree's life.
Because trees can be easily influenced by local climate conditions, such as rain and temperature, they give scientists some information about that area's local climate in the past. For example, tree rings usually grow wider in warm, wet years and they are thinner in years when it is cold and dry. If the tree has experienced difficult conditions, such as a drought(干旱), the tree might hardly grow at all in those years.
1. 新考法 写作手法 Paragraph 2 is developed mainly by
A
.A. making comparisons
B. telling stories
C. showing causes
D. following the time order
2. Dark rings would appear when the tree grew in
C
.A. spring
B. early summer
C. autumn
D. late winter
3. The underlined word "influenced" in the last paragraph means "
B
".A. used
B. changed
C. polluted
D. protected
4. 新考法 图示理解 Which picture shows the rings in dry years?
5. 语言能力 归纳能力 What is the text mainly about?
A. The life of a tree.
B. Tree rings and seasons.
C. The need to plant trees.
D. Trees and climate change.
答案
1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D
A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了天气和气候的不同,以及树木的年轮所反映的生长环境的气候变化。
1. A 解析:写作手法题。根据“Weather is a specific event”及“Climate is the weather conditions in a place over a long period of time”可知,第二段比较了weather和climate这两个概念的差异。故选A。
2. C 解析:细节理解题。根据“while the dark rings represent wood that grew in late summer and autumn”可知,深色的年轮代表了夏末和秋天生长的树木。故选C。
3. B 解析:词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Because trees can be easily influenced by local climate conditions, such as rain and temperature”及“For example, tree rings usually grow wider in warm, wet years and they are thinner in years when it is cold and dry.”可知,正因为树木易受周围环境影响,所以才能给人们了解气候变化提供信息。所以推测画线词与“changed”词义相近。故选B。
4. C 解析:图示理解题。根据“... and they are thinner in years when it is cold and dry.”可知,在干燥的年份,年轮会变薄,C图片符合。故选C。
5. D 解析:主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了天气和气候的不同,以及树木的年轮所反映的生长环境的气候变化。故选D。
A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了天气和气候的不同,以及树木的年轮所反映的生长环境的气候变化。
1. A 解析:写作手法题。根据“Weather is a specific event”及“Climate is the weather conditions in a place over a long period of time”可知,第二段比较了weather和climate这两个概念的差异。故选A。
2. C 解析:细节理解题。根据“while the dark rings represent wood that grew in late summer and autumn”可知,深色的年轮代表了夏末和秋天生长的树木。故选C。
3. B 解析:词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Because trees can be easily influenced by local climate conditions, such as rain and temperature”及“For example, tree rings usually grow wider in warm, wet years and they are thinner in years when it is cold and dry.”可知,正因为树木易受周围环境影响,所以才能给人们了解气候变化提供信息。所以推测画线词与“changed”词义相近。故选B。
4. C 解析:图示理解题。根据“... and they are thinner in years when it is cold and dry.”可知,在干燥的年份,年轮会变薄,C图片符合。故选C。
5. D 解析:主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了天气和气候的不同,以及树木的年轮所反映的生长环境的气候变化。故选D。
解析
【分析】本题为图示理解题，需先定位文章中干旱年份年轮的特征描述，再对比四个图示的年轮特点，选出符合要求的选项。
【解析】根据文章最后一段内容“tree rings usually grow wider in warm, wet years and they are thinner in years when it is cold and dry”可知，干旱年份（寒冷干燥）的年轮更细。观察四个选项的图片：A、B、D的年轮较宽，不符合干旱年份特征；C选项的年轮明显更细，符合干旱年份的特点，因此选C。
【答案】C
【知识点】阅读理解、细节理解、图示分析
【点评】本题结合文章内容与图示信息，考查学生的细节查找和分析能力，需准确把握年轮与气候的关系，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.5
【解析】根据文章最后一段内容“tree rings usually grow wider in warm, wet years and they are thinner in years when it is cold and dry”可知，干旱年份（寒冷干燥）的年轮更细。观察四个选项的图片：A、B、D的年轮较宽，不符合干旱年份特征；C选项的年轮明显更细，符合干旱年份的特点，因此选C。
【答案】C
【知识点】阅读理解、细节理解、图示分析
【点评】本题结合文章内容与图示信息，考查学生的细节查找和分析能力，需准确把握年轮与气候的关系，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.5
