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B
The Gamberini family business, Ocean Reef Group, specialised in diving equipment. Agriculture was not part of the picture. However, a decade ago, Luca Gamberini's father decided to turn to underwater farming.
To start, they used small, transparent(透明的) balloons sunk below the water and filled with air, making an underwater dome(穹顶). The plants are grown in a soil-free way.
The domes provide the plants' water by collecting fresh water from seawater. The domes are slightly hotter than the outside sea temperature, which means that water from the seawater "floor" steams inside the dome and gathers on its inside surface as fresh water. This then "rains" on the plants.
This setup also allows an exchange of $\ce{CO_{2}}$ from the ocean inside the dome. "We've noticed that this environment doesn't really need to be refilled that much," Gamberini said. "The light from the sun that reaches underwater is also sufficient for the growth of the plants," Gamberini added.
To tend to the plants, divers enter the domes from below, with their legs still in the water while their upper bodies are in the air. When plants are harvested, they are placed in reusable bags or containers, which are sealed and brought to the surface of the sea to be collected.
At first Gamberini couldn't really see a good reason for the farming. But when he visited one of the beautiful underwater domes for the first time, he found himself changing his mind.
Today, the underwater garden has six domes, each holding around 2,000 litres of air, located at depths of between five and eleven metres. The company has grown a huge variety of plants underwater, including strawberries, lettuce, tomatoes, beans, quinoa, and even tobacco.
Dr George Littlejohn, associate professor of plant at the University of Plymouth, said the technology is not yet at a stage where it is a practical way to produce a high quantity of crops. There are also some things to be improved, like the inconvenience of planting and harvesting. However, Littlejohn said farming underwater, as the underwater garden is doing, is "necessary" for future space exploration. "Probably the experience gained from growing underwater will give benefits in exploring further than we can yet see," he said.
6. 跨学科 物理 How are plants watered inside the underwater domes?
A. They can get rain from the sky.
B. They can take in seawater directly.
C. Fresh water is supplied from the coast.
D. Fresh water is made from seawater inside the domes.
7. What does the underlined word "sufficient" in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Enough.
B. Little.
C. Strong.
D. Dark.
8. 新考法 写作手法 How does the writer describe the underwater garden?
A. By giving reasons.
B. By listing numbers.
C. By asking questions.
D. By following the time order.
9. What does Littlejohn think of farming underwater?
A. It makes a pace for farming in space.
B. It can put an end to starvation worldwide.
C. It costs too much to operate the whole system.
D. It has made progress in planting and harvesting.
10. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. Agriculture in the future.
B. A new function of seawater.
C. A farm under the sea.
D. How to start family business.
The Gamberini family business, Ocean Reef Group, specialised in diving equipment. Agriculture was not part of the picture. However, a decade ago, Luca Gamberini's father decided to turn to underwater farming.
To start, they used small, transparent(透明的) balloons sunk below the water and filled with air, making an underwater dome(穹顶). The plants are grown in a soil-free way.
The domes provide the plants' water by collecting fresh water from seawater. The domes are slightly hotter than the outside sea temperature, which means that water from the seawater "floor" steams inside the dome and gathers on its inside surface as fresh water. This then "rains" on the plants.
This setup also allows an exchange of $\ce{CO_{2}}$ from the ocean inside the dome. "We've noticed that this environment doesn't really need to be refilled that much," Gamberini said. "The light from the sun that reaches underwater is also sufficient for the growth of the plants," Gamberini added.
To tend to the plants, divers enter the domes from below, with their legs still in the water while their upper bodies are in the air. When plants are harvested, they are placed in reusable bags or containers, which are sealed and brought to the surface of the sea to be collected.
At first Gamberini couldn't really see a good reason for the farming. But when he visited one of the beautiful underwater domes for the first time, he found himself changing his mind.
Today, the underwater garden has six domes, each holding around 2,000 litres of air, located at depths of between five and eleven metres. The company has grown a huge variety of plants underwater, including strawberries, lettuce, tomatoes, beans, quinoa, and even tobacco.
Dr George Littlejohn, associate professor of plant at the University of Plymouth, said the technology is not yet at a stage where it is a practical way to produce a high quantity of crops. There are also some things to be improved, like the inconvenience of planting and harvesting. However, Littlejohn said farming underwater, as the underwater garden is doing, is "necessary" for future space exploration. "Probably the experience gained from growing underwater will give benefits in exploring further than we can yet see," he said.
6. 跨学科 物理 How are plants watered inside the underwater domes?
A. They can get rain from the sky.
B. They can take in seawater directly.
C. Fresh water is supplied from the coast.
D. Fresh water is made from seawater inside the domes.
7. What does the underlined word "sufficient" in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Enough.
B. Little.
C. Strong.
D. Dark.
8. 新考法 写作手法 How does the writer describe the underwater garden?
A. By giving reasons.
B. By listing numbers.
C. By asking questions.
D. By following the time order.
9. What does Littlejohn think of farming underwater?
A. It makes a pace for farming in space.
B. It can put an end to starvation worldwide.
C. It costs too much to operate the whole system.
D. It has made progress in planting and harvesting.
10. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. Agriculture in the future.
B. A new function of seawater.
C. A farm under the sea.
D. How to start family business.
答案
6.D 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.C
B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了水下种植的操作原理及应用前景。
6. D 细节理解题。根据文章第三段可知，穹顶通过从海水中收集淡水来为植物提供水。圆顶的温度略高于外部海水的温度，海水中的淡水在穹顶内部蒸发并在圆顶上液化，像“雨”一样落在植物上。因此海下种植作物所需要的水，来自温度差而产生的蒸汽淡水，来自海水。故选 D。
7. A 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“This setup also allows an exchange of CO₂ from the ocean inside the dome. 'We've noticed that this environment doesn't really need to be refilled that much,'”可知，穹顶里的二氧化碳充足，环境不需要那么多的补给，因此推断，此处的光源也是充足的，画线词与 enough 同义。故选 A。
8. B 写作手法题。根据第七段“Today, the underwater garden has six domes, each holding around 2,000 litres of air, located at depths of between five and eleven metres.”可知作者在描写水底花园时用具体的数字展示了其数量、容量、水深等。故选 B。
9. A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“farming underwater ... is 'necessary' for future space exploration. 'Probably the experience gained from growing underwater will give benefits in exploring further than we can yet see,'”可知，水下种植可能有助于探索尚未发现的领域，为未来探索太空开辟道路。故选 A。
10. C 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一家公司建立了一个海底农场，并介绍了他们进行水下种植的操作原理及应用前景。故选 C。
B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了水下种植的操作原理及应用前景。
6. D 细节理解题。根据文章第三段可知，穹顶通过从海水中收集淡水来为植物提供水。圆顶的温度略高于外部海水的温度，海水中的淡水在穹顶内部蒸发并在圆顶上液化，像“雨”一样落在植物上。因此海下种植作物所需要的水，来自温度差而产生的蒸汽淡水，来自海水。故选 D。
7. A 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“This setup also allows an exchange of CO₂ from the ocean inside the dome. 'We've noticed that this environment doesn't really need to be refilled that much,'”可知，穹顶里的二氧化碳充足，环境不需要那么多的补给，因此推断，此处的光源也是充足的，画线词与 enough 同义。故选 A。
8. B 写作手法题。根据第七段“Today, the underwater garden has six domes, each holding around 2,000 litres of air, located at depths of between five and eleven metres.”可知作者在描写水底花园时用具体的数字展示了其数量、容量、水深等。故选 B。
9. A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“farming underwater ... is 'necessary' for future space exploration. 'Probably the experience gained from growing underwater will give benefits in exploring further than we can yet see,'”可知，水下种植可能有助于探索尚未发现的领域，为未来探索太空开辟道路。故选 A。
10. C 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一家公司建立了一个海底农场，并介绍了他们进行水下种植的操作原理及应用前景。故选 C。
解析
【分析】
1. 第6题：为细节理解题，需定位原文第三段关于水下穹顶供水原理的内容，根据温度差使海水蒸发形成淡水“降雨”的描述，匹配对应选项；
2. 第7题：为词义猜测题，结合第四段“环境不需要太多补给”的语境，推断画线词含义，匹配同义选项；
3. 第8题：为写作手法题，观察作者描述水下花园时使用的具体数字，判断所用写作手法；
4. 第9题：为推理判断题，定位最后一段专家的观点，结合选项匹配专家对水下种植的看法；
5. 第10题：为主旨大意题，概括全文围绕的核心内容，选择最贴合的主旨选项。
【解析】
6. 细节理解题：根据文章第三段，水下穹顶利用温度差使海水蒸发形成淡水，像“雨”一样供给植物，因此植物的水来自穹顶内由海水制成的淡水，故选D；
7. 词义猜测题：第四段提到“环境不需要太多补给”，说明光照充足，sufficient意为“足够的”，与enough同义，故选A；
8. 写作手法题：第七段使用了“六个穹顶”“2000升空气”“5到11米”等具体数字描述水下花园，采用列数字的手法，故选B；
9. 推理判断题：最后一段指出水下种植对未来太空探索必要，其经验有助于太空探索，说明水下种植为太空探索开辟道路，故选A；
10. 主旨大意题：全文介绍了水下农场的运作原理、规模及应用前景，核心是水下农场，故选C；
【答案】
6.D 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.C
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解题、词义猜测题
【点评】
本文是一篇介绍水下种植的说明文，题目涵盖细节理解、词义猜测、写作手法、主旨大意等常见阅读理解题型，要求学生精准定位原文信息，结合上下文推断词义、分析写作手法及概括主旨，整体难度适中，注重信息提取与逻辑推理能力的考查。
【难度系数】
0.7
1. 第6题：为细节理解题，需定位原文第三段关于水下穹顶供水原理的内容，根据温度差使海水蒸发形成淡水“降雨”的描述，匹配对应选项；
2. 第7题：为词义猜测题，结合第四段“环境不需要太多补给”的语境，推断画线词含义，匹配同义选项；
3. 第8题：为写作手法题，观察作者描述水下花园时使用的具体数字，判断所用写作手法；
4. 第9题：为推理判断题，定位最后一段专家的观点，结合选项匹配专家对水下种植的看法；
5. 第10题：为主旨大意题，概括全文围绕的核心内容，选择最贴合的主旨选项。
【解析】
6. 细节理解题：根据文章第三段，水下穹顶利用温度差使海水蒸发形成淡水，像“雨”一样供给植物，因此植物的水来自穹顶内由海水制成的淡水，故选D；
7. 词义猜测题：第四段提到“环境不需要太多补给”，说明光照充足，sufficient意为“足够的”，与enough同义，故选A；
8. 写作手法题：第七段使用了“六个穹顶”“2000升空气”“5到11米”等具体数字描述水下花园，采用列数字的手法，故选B；
9. 推理判断题：最后一段指出水下种植对未来太空探索必要，其经验有助于太空探索，说明水下种植为太空探索开辟道路，故选A；
10. 主旨大意题：全文介绍了水下农场的运作原理、规模及应用前景，核心是水下农场，故选C；
【答案】
6.D 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.C
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解题、词义猜测题
【点评】
本文是一篇介绍水下种植的说明文，题目涵盖细节理解、词义猜测、写作手法、主旨大意等常见阅读理解题型，要求学生精准定位原文信息，结合上下文推断词义、分析写作手法及概括主旨，整体难度适中，注重信息提取与逻辑推理能力的考查。
【难度系数】
0.7
