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Ⅲ. 阅读理解(每小题2分,共16分)
A
(2024·南通一模)Titles like “taoli” and “kaimo” have rooted(植根) themselves deeply into ancient Chinese history and culture. What do they refer to? Have you ever wondered what the stories behind these ideas are?
Modesty and respect
Chinese people in the past or even sometimes today call their sons quanzi. They believe that dogs are humble(卑微的) animals. When Chinese parents use quanzi to refer to their sons, they are being modest. Of course, most parents do have high expectations for their children and want them to be successful. However, they don't usually talk about this in front of others. Anyway, they try to play it down. This is similar to how even rich Chinese people call their big houses hanshe(寒舍), which means “my humble home”.
Although people are modest about themselves, they praise others a lot. They call their own sons quanzi, but others' sons linglang, which is a respectful way to say “your son”.
Trees of character
In Chinese, kaimo means “role model”. Both of these Chinese characters have a “木” on their left side. This means kai and mo might have been two kinds of trees in ancient China, although there are different opinions about this. According to Duan Chengshi, a botanist(植物学家) who lived during the Tang Dynasty, there was a kind of tree called kai in southwestern China. It was said that there were many kai trees growing near Confucius' tomb(墓). The trunks of these trees were very straight. Some people thought they were like Confucius' character—straight and upright. Legend has it that the mo trees grew near the tomb of the Duke of Zhou, a statesman(政治家) of the Zhou Dynasty. The colour of the mo trees' leaves was said to be pure, making the tree a symbol of purity and honesty. Since the kai and mo trees grew near the tombs of two respected people, kaimo was then used to refer to role models in general, according to Sun Yi, a scholar who lived during the Song Dynasty.
Spreading seeds of education
There is a Chinese idiom taoli mantianxia, referring to a teacher who has taught so many students that they spread across the country like peach and plum trees.
The idiom comes from a story about Zizhi, an official who lived in the State of Wei during the Warring States Period. Zizhi was a knowledgeable person. He opened a private school and started to teach students.
As a teacher, Zizhi was kind and wise. He never chose students according to their wealth or social positions. He often pointed at a peach and a plum tree in his yard when asking his students to work hard. “You should become a useful person to benefit society, just like when the peach and plum trees bloom and produce fruit,” he said.
Keeping these words in their minds, many of Zizhi's students went on to different places around the country, achieving great things along the way. They would plant peach and plum trees to show their respect for their teacher.
Since then, “peach and plum trees” has been used to refer to students who have been successful in their post-study careers.
1. Chinese people in the past called their sons quanzi because .
A. their sons were very humble
B. parents didn't praise their sons too much
C. their sons liked dogs very much
D. parents didn't think their sons will succeed
2. Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 4?
A. Kai and mo are symbols of purity and honesty because their leaves were pure.
B. Kai and mo must be trees in ancient China because they have a “木” on their left side.
C. In people's opinion, Confucius was straight and upright and he set an example for us.
D. There was a kind of tree called kai in southwestern China according to Sun Yi, a scholar.
3. Which is the CORRECT order of the things below?
a. Zizhi often pointed at a peach and a plum tree in his yard.
b. Zizhi opened a private school and started to teach students.
c. Zizhi's students went on to different places and achieved their goals.
d. Zizhi's students worked harder because the teacher encouraged them.
e. Zizhi's students planted peach and plum trees to show their respect for their teacher.
A. a-c-b-d-e
B. a-b-d-e-c
C. b-d-c-e-a
D. b-a-d-c-e
4. What's the best title for this passage?
A. The Importance of Good Qualities
B. How to Be a Successful Person
C. Traditional Chinese Culture and Value
D. The History of Chinese Education
A
(2024·南通一模)Titles like “taoli” and “kaimo” have rooted(植根) themselves deeply into ancient Chinese history and culture. What do they refer to? Have you ever wondered what the stories behind these ideas are?
Modesty and respect
Chinese people in the past or even sometimes today call their sons quanzi. They believe that dogs are humble(卑微的) animals. When Chinese parents use quanzi to refer to their sons, they are being modest. Of course, most parents do have high expectations for their children and want them to be successful. However, they don't usually talk about this in front of others. Anyway, they try to play it down. This is similar to how even rich Chinese people call their big houses hanshe(寒舍), which means “my humble home”.
Although people are modest about themselves, they praise others a lot. They call their own sons quanzi, but others' sons linglang, which is a respectful way to say “your son”.
Trees of character
In Chinese, kaimo means “role model”. Both of these Chinese characters have a “木” on their left side. This means kai and mo might have been two kinds of trees in ancient China, although there are different opinions about this. According to Duan Chengshi, a botanist(植物学家) who lived during the Tang Dynasty, there was a kind of tree called kai in southwestern China. It was said that there were many kai trees growing near Confucius' tomb(墓). The trunks of these trees were very straight. Some people thought they were like Confucius' character—straight and upright. Legend has it that the mo trees grew near the tomb of the Duke of Zhou, a statesman(政治家) of the Zhou Dynasty. The colour of the mo trees' leaves was said to be pure, making the tree a symbol of purity and honesty. Since the kai and mo trees grew near the tombs of two respected people, kaimo was then used to refer to role models in general, according to Sun Yi, a scholar who lived during the Song Dynasty.
Spreading seeds of education
There is a Chinese idiom taoli mantianxia, referring to a teacher who has taught so many students that they spread across the country like peach and plum trees.
The idiom comes from a story about Zizhi, an official who lived in the State of Wei during the Warring States Period. Zizhi was a knowledgeable person. He opened a private school and started to teach students.
As a teacher, Zizhi was kind and wise. He never chose students according to their wealth or social positions. He often pointed at a peach and a plum tree in his yard when asking his students to work hard. “You should become a useful person to benefit society, just like when the peach and plum trees bloom and produce fruit,” he said.
Keeping these words in their minds, many of Zizhi's students went on to different places around the country, achieving great things along the way. They would plant peach and plum trees to show their respect for their teacher.
Since then, “peach and plum trees” has been used to refer to students who have been successful in their post-study careers.
1. Chinese people in the past called their sons quanzi because .
A. their sons were very humble
B. parents didn't praise their sons too much
C. their sons liked dogs very much
D. parents didn't think their sons will succeed
2. Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 4?
A. Kai and mo are symbols of purity and honesty because their leaves were pure.
B. Kai and mo must be trees in ancient China because they have a “木” on their left side.
C. In people's opinion, Confucius was straight and upright and he set an example for us.
D. There was a kind of tree called kai in southwestern China according to Sun Yi, a scholar.
3. Which is the CORRECT order of the things below?
a. Zizhi often pointed at a peach and a plum tree in his yard.
b. Zizhi opened a private school and started to teach students.
c. Zizhi's students went on to different places and achieved their goals.
d. Zizhi's students worked harder because the teacher encouraged them.
e. Zizhi's students planted peach and plum trees to show their respect for their teacher.
A. a-c-b-d-e
B. a-b-d-e-c
C. b-d-c-e-a
D. b-a-d-c-e
4. What's the best title for this passage?
A. The Importance of Good Qualities
B. How to Be a Successful Person
C. Traditional Chinese Culture and Value
D. The History of Chinese Education
答案
Ⅲ.1~4 BCDC
A
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国历史和文化中的一些传统观念和故事,展示了传统文化中对于谦逊、尊重、正直和教育的重视。
1. B 细节理解题。根据第二段“When Chinese parents use quanzi to refer to ... Anyway, they try to play it down.”可知,父母称自己儿子为“犬子”是一种谦虚和谦卑,虽然孩子也受到了很好的教育,父母也希望他们成功,但在人前还是放低姿态,淡化对儿子的表扬。故选 B。
2. C 推理判断题。根据第四段“kaimo means 'role model'”以及“Some people thought they were like Confucius' character—straight and upright.”可知,在人们看来,孔子很正直,给我们树立了榜样。故选 C。
3. D 事件排序题。根据第六、七、八段可知,badce 五句话按顺序讲述了子质办学,借桃树和李树教育学生做对社会有用的人,后来学生秉承老师的思想取得了很大成就,种了桃树和李树以示对老师的尊敬的故事。故选 D。
4. C 标题归纳题。根据第一段“Titles like 'taoli' and 'kaimo' have rooted themselves deeply into ancient Chinese history and culture. What do they refer to? Have you ever wondered what the stories behind these ideas are?”及结合下文,可知本文主要介绍了中国历史和文化中的一些传统观念和故事。故选 C。
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A
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国历史和文化中的一些传统观念和故事,展示了传统文化中对于谦逊、尊重、正直和教育的重视。
1. B 细节理解题。根据第二段“When Chinese parents use quanzi to refer to ... Anyway, they try to play it down.”可知,父母称自己儿子为“犬子”是一种谦虚和谦卑,虽然孩子也受到了很好的教育,父母也希望他们成功,但在人前还是放低姿态,淡化对儿子的表扬。故选 B。
2. C 推理判断题。根据第四段“kaimo means 'role model'”以及“Some people thought they were like Confucius' character—straight and upright.”可知,在人们看来,孔子很正直,给我们树立了榜样。故选 C。
3. D 事件排序题。根据第六、七、八段可知,badce 五句话按顺序讲述了子质办学,借桃树和李树教育学生做对社会有用的人,后来学生秉承老师的思想取得了很大成就,种了桃树和李树以示对老师的尊敬的故事。故选 D。
4. C 标题归纳题。根据第一段“Titles like 'taoli' and 'kaimo' have rooted themselves deeply into ancient Chinese history and culture. What do they refer to? Have you ever wondered what the stories behind these ideas are?”及结合下文,可知本文主要介绍了中国历史和文化中的一些传统观念和故事。故选 C。
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解析
【分析】
本题是一篇关于中国传统文化的英语阅读理解，共4道题，分别考查细节理解、推理判断、事件排序和标题归纳。解题时需根据题干关键词定位原文对应段落，逐一核对选项信息；排序题需梳理事件发展的先后顺序；标题题需结合全文主旨选择最贴合的选项。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据题干关键词“called their sons quanzi”定位至文章第二段。原文提到中国父母用“犬子”称呼自己的儿子是为了保持谦虚，不张扬对儿子的期望，对应选项B（父母不过度表扬儿子）。A选项错误，父母称儿子为“犬子”是父母的谦虚态度，并非儿子本身卑微；C选项与原文逻辑不符；D选项与原文“most parents do have high expectations for their children”矛盾，故选B。
2. 推理判断题：根据题干定位至第四段。A选项错误，mo树的叶子纯象征纯洁，kai树象征正直；B选项错误，原文是“might have been”（可能是），而非“must”（一定是）；C选项正确，原文提到“Some people thought they were like Confucius' character—straight and upright”，说明孔子正直，是榜样；D选项错误，kai树在西南是唐代植物学家Duan Chengshi的观点，不是宋代学者Sun Yi，故选C。
3. 事件排序题：梳理文章中关于Zizhi的故事顺序：首先他开办私学（b），然后指着院子里的桃李树教育学生（a），学生牢记教导努力学习（d），之后学生在各地取得成就（c），最后学生种桃李树表达对老师的尊敬（e），正确顺序为b-a-d-c-e，对应选项D，故选D。
4. 标题归纳题：文章第一段点明主题，围绕中国历史文化中的“taoli”“kaimo”等词汇的故事展开，介绍传统文化中的相关观念，对应选项C（中国传统文化与价值）。A选项偏离主旨，B选项太片面，D选项仅涉及教育，不全面，故选C。
【答案】1~4 BCDC
【知识点】阅读理解（细节理解、推理判断、排序题、标题归纳），中国传统文化
【点评】本文以英语为载体介绍中国传统文化，题目类型覆盖初中英语阅读理解核心题型，要求学生具备快速定位原文、分析信息、梳理逻辑的能力，整体难度适中，能有效考查学生的语篇理解水平。
【难度系数】0.6
本题是一篇关于中国传统文化的英语阅读理解，共4道题，分别考查细节理解、推理判断、事件排序和标题归纳。解题时需根据题干关键词定位原文对应段落，逐一核对选项信息；排序题需梳理事件发展的先后顺序；标题题需结合全文主旨选择最贴合的选项。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据题干关键词“called their sons quanzi”定位至文章第二段。原文提到中国父母用“犬子”称呼自己的儿子是为了保持谦虚，不张扬对儿子的期望，对应选项B（父母不过度表扬儿子）。A选项错误，父母称儿子为“犬子”是父母的谦虚态度，并非儿子本身卑微；C选项与原文逻辑不符；D选项与原文“most parents do have high expectations for their children”矛盾，故选B。
2. 推理判断题：根据题干定位至第四段。A选项错误，mo树的叶子纯象征纯洁，kai树象征正直；B选项错误，原文是“might have been”（可能是），而非“must”（一定是）；C选项正确，原文提到“Some people thought they were like Confucius' character—straight and upright”，说明孔子正直，是榜样；D选项错误，kai树在西南是唐代植物学家Duan Chengshi的观点，不是宋代学者Sun Yi，故选C。
3. 事件排序题：梳理文章中关于Zizhi的故事顺序：首先他开办私学（b），然后指着院子里的桃李树教育学生（a），学生牢记教导努力学习（d），之后学生在各地取得成就（c），最后学生种桃李树表达对老师的尊敬（e），正确顺序为b-a-d-c-e，对应选项D，故选D。
4. 标题归纳题：文章第一段点明主题，围绕中国历史文化中的“taoli”“kaimo”等词汇的故事展开，介绍传统文化中的相关观念，对应选项C（中国传统文化与价值）。A选项偏离主旨，B选项太片面，D选项仅涉及教育，不全面，故选C。
【答案】1~4 BCDC
【知识点】阅读理解（细节理解、推理判断、排序题、标题归纳），中国传统文化
【点评】本文以英语为载体介绍中国传统文化，题目类型覆盖初中英语阅读理解核心题型，要求学生具备快速定位原文、分析信息、梳理逻辑的能力，整体难度适中，能有效考查学生的语篇理解水平。
【难度系数】0.6
