Ⅳ. 句子翻译
1. 用英语写日记是提高你英语水平的一种好方法。

2. 使用英语时不要害怕出错。

3. 你需要清醒的头脑来实施这项计划。

4. 将来你想从地球搬到火星吗？

1. Keeping diaries in English is a good way to improve your English.
2. Don't be afraid of making mistakes when/while using English.
3. You need a clear head to carry out the plan.
4. Would you like to move away from the Earth to Mars in the future?

【分析】翻译此类句子时，需先明确中文句子的核心语义，再匹配英语的常用句式、固定表达及非谓语用法：1. 中文以动作作主语，需转化为动名词短语作英语主语；2. 否定祈使句有固定结构，“害怕做某事”是固定搭配；3. “需要某物做某事”用“need sth to do”结构，不定式表目的；4. 委婉询问用特定句式，“从…搬到…”是固定短语。
【解析】1. “用英语写日记”是动作作主语，用动名词短语Keeping diaries in English，“一种好方法”对应a good way，“提高你英语水平”用不定式to improve your English作定语，构成主系表结构；2. 否定祈使句以Don't开头，“害怕出错”是be afraid of making mistakes，“使用英语时”用省略结构when/while using English（省略you are）；3. 主语为You，谓语need，宾语a clear head，“实施这项计划”用不定式to carry out the plan表目的；4. 委婉询问用Would you like to...?，“从地球搬到火星”是move away from the Earth to Mars，“将来”对应in the future。
【答案】1. Keeping diaries in English is a good way to improve your English.
2. Don't be afraid of making mistakes when/while using English.
3. You need a clear head to carry out the plan.
4. Would you like to move away from the Earth to Mars in the future?
【知识点】动名词作主语；固定搭配；不定式作状语
【点评】本题考查基础英语句子翻译，涉及动名词作主语、固定短语及不定式的核心用法，是英语学习的基础内容，需掌握常用句式与表达。
【难度系数】0.5

Ⅴ. 阅读理解
Some experts suggest that humanity cannot survive far into the future if we stay on the Earth. If some disasters were to wipe out life on the Earth, other worlds could carry on our civilization. For example, if a large asteroid(小行星) struck the Earth, a settlement on Mars would be unaffected.
A future off the Earth is not only about avoiding disasters. More homes for humanity would also mean more chances for innovation. What if when we go to Mars, we don't have rubbish? Resources would be so scarce(稀少的) on Mars that the people living there would have to find creative ways to reuse their waste. These innovations could then help solve the rubbish problem here on the Earth. As we expand our civilization into space, we must make sure that we avoid repeating humanity's past mistakes. Some world leaders pursue space as a way to increase their power and status. The explorers who colonized(建立殖民地于) various parts of Earth during the 15th to 19th centuries had
similar goals.
As far as we know, nothing today lives on the Moon or Mars. But does that make it OK for one person or group to decide to build a base? All of humanity should have a say in how we explore space. Some cultures see the Moon as a sacred(神圣的) place that shouldn't be changed. Their voices matter. So do the voices of scientists, explorers, and artists. Your voice matters too. So think before you act.
Scientists point out that our future off the Earth is not just about what kind of habitat we'll build, or what type of spaceship we'll need. "How do we want to live together?" they ask. "How can we live in ways that allow everyone to thrive(茁壮成长)?" These types of questions are important to ask. We will need to answer them whether we stay on the Earth or journey out into the distant reaches of our solar system and beyond.
1. The underlined phrase "wipe out" in Paragraph 1 probably means "".
A. change
B. consume
C. destroy
D. reduce
2. What is one potential(潜在的) advantage for building settlements on other planets?
A. To give world leaders more power and higher status.
B. To find innovative methods of reusing waste on the Earth.
C. To colonize various parts of the world for resources.
D. To prevent natural disasters from happening on the Earth.
3. According to Paragraph 3, what is important when building a base on the Moon or Mars?
A. The certainty of building a base in space.
B. The risk of disastrous strikes by large asteroids.
C. The challenge of living in a new habitat off the Earth.
D. The various opinions on settling on other planets.
4. What's the best title for the passage?
A. Should Humanity Build Settlements off the Earth?
B. How Can We Solve the Earth's Environmental Problems?
C. How Can We Avoid the Dangers of Settling on Other Planets?
D. Should World Leaders Be Criticized for Their Space-related Goals?

1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕人类是否应该在地球之外建立定居点展开讨论。
1. C 词义猜测题。根据“For example, if a large asteroid struck the Earth, a settlement on Mars would be unaffected.”可知，小行星撞击会毁灭地球上的生命，但是我们移民火星的话，在火星上定居将不受影响，可以延续我们的文明，推知wipe out是“灭绝”之意，和C项意思相近。故选C。
2. B 细节理解题。根据第二段“Resources would be so scarce on Mars that the people living there would have to find creative ways to reuse their waste. These innovations could then help solve the rubbish problem here on the Earth.”可知，在其他星球建立定居点需要人们更加合理地利用有限的资源，这可能会鼓励地球上废物再利用的科技创新。故选B。
3. D 推理判断题。根据第三段“Their voices matter. So do the voices of scientists, explorers, and artists. Your voice matters too. So think before you act.”可知，各方关于在月球或火星上建立基地有不同的意见，每个人的意见都很重要。故选D。
4. A 标题归纳题。根据第一段“Some experts suggest that humanity cannot survive far into the future if we stay on the Earth.”以及纵观全文可知，文章围绕人类是否应该在地球之外建立定居点展开讨论，既提到了在地球外建立定居点的好处，如避免灾难和促进创新，也提到了相关的担忧，如不同的意见等，所以A项“人类应该在地球之外建立定居点吗？”最能概括文章内容。故选A。

【分析】
1. 第1题是词义猜测题，需结合上下文语境推断词义：前文提到若人类留在地球无法长远生存，后文举例小行星撞击地球时火星定居点不受影响，说明小行星撞击会“毁灭”地球生命，据此推测划线短语含义。
2. 第2题是细节理解题，需定位题干中“潜在优势”相关内容，找到第二段关于火星资源稀缺促使废物再利用创新，这些创新可解决地球垃圾问题的描述，对应选项。
3. 第3题是推理判断题，需分析第三段主旨：该段强调各方（文化群体、科学家、艺术家等）对太空探索的意见都很重要，据此推断在月球或火星建基地的关键是重视不同意见。
4. 第4题是标题归纳题，需梳理全文主旨：文章围绕“人类是否应在地球外建立定居点”展开，既讲好处也提相关考量，据此选择最贴合的标题。
【解析】
1. 词义猜测题：根据第一段“if a large asteroid struck the Earth, a settlement on Mars would be unaffected”可知，小行星撞击会毁灭地球生命，火星定居点不受影响，故“wipe out”意为“destroy”，选C。
2. 细节理解题：根据第二段“Resources would be so scarce on Mars that the people living there would have to find creative ways to reuse their waste. These innovations could then help solve the rubbish problem here on the Earth”可知，在其他星球定居的潜在优势是推动废物再利用创新，助力解决地球垃圾问题，选B。
3. 推理判断题：根据第三段“Their voices matter. So do the voices of scientists, explorers, and artists. Your voice matters too”可知，各方对太空定居的意见都很重要，故在月球或火星建基地需重视不同意见，选D。
4. 标题归纳题：全文围绕“人类是否应在地球外建立定居点”展开，既提及避免灾难、促进创新等好处，也提到各方意见等考量，A项最能概括主旨，选A。
【答案】
1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A
【知识点】
词义猜测题、细节理解题、标题归纳题
【点评】
本文是围绕人类太空定居展开的议论文，涵盖多种英语阅读核心题型，考查学生的词义推断、细节定位及主旨概括能力，是典型的英语阅读理解练习题，有助于提升学生的阅读解题能力。
【难度系数】
0.7