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二、判断下列段落中是否含有定语从句,如果含有,请用横线画出
In October 2018, someone in South Carolina won $ 1.5 billion. The nearly impossible odds (概率) of winning were 1 in 302.5 million! Many people probably wish they'd been the lucky ones happily accepting the prize.It's not hard to imagine the things one could do with this newfound wealth, but would this money actually make someone happy? The experiences of several lottery(彩票抽奖) winners show that it probably wouldn't. Suddenly coming into big money can change a person's life in unexpected and sometimes unpleasant ways. Take William Post, for example, who had only $ 2.46 in the bank when he won $ 16.2 million in a New York lottery in 1998. Within 3 months, he was poor again because of careless spending. He wasn't as happy as he felt before winning the prize.Then there was Callie Rogers, a British teenager from a common family. She won $ 3 million in 2003. She bought her family and friends lavish gifts and bought herself expensive clothes. After six years, Callie lost all her money and realized that money didn't make her happy. In fact, she became worried that people were friendly with her only for her money.
Lottery winners are not the only ones who can end up unhappy. People who get big money for some other reasons, e.g. receiving money from others, are also at risk. They may not know how to deal with money and do not ask experts for advice. They waste money on things they don't need and give away too much money to friends and relatives.
Researchers found that people are happy when they are able to pay for their basic needs, such as food, clothes, a safe place to live, and health care. People are also happy when they give reasonable(合理的) amounts of money to charities. Giving makes them feel as if they're making a difference. Lavish(奢侈的) things, such as expensive clothes and cars, only make people happy for a moment.
People can hope and wish to suddenly come into lots of money to improve their lives, but perhaps there are better ways to find happiness.
In October 2018, someone in South Carolina won $ 1.5 billion. The nearly impossible odds (概率) of winning were 1 in 302.5 million! Many people probably wish they'd been the lucky ones happily accepting the prize.It's not hard to imagine the things one could do with this newfound wealth, but would this money actually make someone happy? The experiences of several lottery(彩票抽奖) winners show that it probably wouldn't. Suddenly coming into big money can change a person's life in unexpected and sometimes unpleasant ways. Take William Post, for example, who had only $ 2.46 in the bank when he won $ 16.2 million in a New York lottery in 1998. Within 3 months, he was poor again because of careless spending. He wasn't as happy as he felt before winning the prize.Then there was Callie Rogers, a British teenager from a common family. She won $ 3 million in 2003. She bought her family and friends lavish gifts and bought herself expensive clothes. After six years, Callie lost all her money and realized that money didn't make her happy. In fact, she became worried that people were friendly with her only for her money.
Lottery winners are not the only ones who can end up unhappy. People who get big money for some other reasons, e.g. receiving money from others, are also at risk. They may not know how to deal with money and do not ask experts for advice. They waste money on things they don't need and give away too much money to friends and relatives.
Researchers found that people are happy when they are able to pay for their basic needs, such as food, clothes, a safe place to live, and health care. People are also happy when they give reasonable(合理的) amounts of money to charities. Giving makes them feel as if they're making a difference. Lavish(奢侈的) things, such as expensive clothes and cars, only make people happy for a moment.
People can hope and wish to suddenly come into lots of money to improve their lives, but perhaps there are better ways to find happiness.
答案
1. It's not hard to imagine the things one could do with this newfound wealth ...
2. Take William Post, for
example, who had only $2.46 in the bank when he won $16.2 million in a New York lottery in 1998.
3. Lottery winners are not the only ones who can end up unhappy.
4. People who get big money for some
other reasons, ...
5. They waste money on things they don't need ...
2. Take William Post, for
example, who had only $2.46 in the bank when he won $16.2 million in a New York lottery in 1998.
3. Lottery winners are not the only ones who can end up unhappy.
4. People who get big money for some
other reasons, ...
5. They waste money on things they don't need ...
解析
【分析】
解题时首先要明确定语从句的核心判定规则：定语从句的功能是修饰句中的某一名词/代词（即先行词），从句紧跟在先行词后，用于描述先行词的属性特征，引导从句的关系代词如果在从句中充当宾语成分时可以省略。我们逐句扫读全文，先定位句中的名词/代词，再判断其后跟随的从句是否用于修饰该名词、是否符合定语从句的结构特征，逐一排查就能找出所有符合要求的定语从句。
【解析】
我们根据定语从句的特征逐一排查全文，找到的5处定语从句及判定依据如下：
1. 先行词为the things（表事物），修饰它的从句中，关系代词that/which在从句里作do的宾语，符合关系代词作宾语可省略的规则，因此该从句没有显性引导词，是定语从句。
2. 先行词为William Post（表人），用关系代词who引导定语从句，who在从句中作主语，属于典型的指人定语从句。
3. 先行词为the only ones（指代前文的彩票中奖者，表人），用关系代词who引导定语从句，who在从句中作主语。
4. 先行词为People（表人），用关系代词who引导定语从句，who在从句中作主语。
5. 先行词为things（表事物），修饰它的从句中，关系代词that/which在从句里作need的宾语，同样符合关系代词作宾语可省略的规则，是无显性引导词的定语从句。
对应画出横线的定语从句所在句子和从句部分如下：
1. It's not hard to imagine the things one could do with this newfound wealth, but would this money actually make someone happy?
2. Take William Post, for example, who had only $ 2.46 in the bank when he won $ 16.2 million in a New York lottery in 1998.
3. Lottery winners are not the only ones who can end up unhappy.
4. People who get big money for some other reasons, e.g. receiving money from others, are also at risk.
5. They waste money on things they don't need and give away too much money to friends and relatives.
【答案】
文中含有的5处定语从句如下：
1. It's not hard to imagine the things one could do with this newfound wealth ...
2. Take William Post, for example, who had only $2.46 in the bank when he won $ 16.2 million in a New York lottery in 1998.
3. Lottery winners are not the only ones who can end up unhappy.
4. People who get big money for some other reasons, ...
5. They waste money on things they don't need ...
（划线部分为定语从句内容）
【知识点】
定语从句判定，先行词识别，关系代词省略
【点评】
本题属于定语从句的基础识别类习题，既包含了带显性关系代词who的典型定语从句，也设置了两处省略关系代词的定语从句，能够帮助学生跳出“定语从句必须有明显引导词”的思维误区，夯实对定语从句核心特征的理解，区分定语从句和其他名词性从句的差异。
【难度系数】
0.5
解题时首先要明确定语从句的核心判定规则：定语从句的功能是修饰句中的某一名词/代词（即先行词），从句紧跟在先行词后，用于描述先行词的属性特征，引导从句的关系代词如果在从句中充当宾语成分时可以省略。我们逐句扫读全文，先定位句中的名词/代词，再判断其后跟随的从句是否用于修饰该名词、是否符合定语从句的结构特征，逐一排查就能找出所有符合要求的定语从句。
【解析】
我们根据定语从句的特征逐一排查全文，找到的5处定语从句及判定依据如下：
1. 先行词为the things（表事物），修饰它的从句中，关系代词that/which在从句里作do的宾语，符合关系代词作宾语可省略的规则，因此该从句没有显性引导词，是定语从句。
2. 先行词为William Post（表人），用关系代词who引导定语从句，who在从句中作主语，属于典型的指人定语从句。
3. 先行词为the only ones（指代前文的彩票中奖者，表人），用关系代词who引导定语从句，who在从句中作主语。
4. 先行词为People（表人），用关系代词who引导定语从句，who在从句中作主语。
5. 先行词为things（表事物），修饰它的从句中，关系代词that/which在从句里作need的宾语，同样符合关系代词作宾语可省略的规则，是无显性引导词的定语从句。
对应画出横线的定语从句所在句子和从句部分如下：
1. It's not hard to imagine the things one could do with this newfound wealth, but would this money actually make someone happy?
2. Take William Post, for example, who had only $ 2.46 in the bank when he won $ 16.2 million in a New York lottery in 1998.
3. Lottery winners are not the only ones who can end up unhappy.
4. People who get big money for some other reasons, e.g. receiving money from others, are also at risk.
5. They waste money on things they don't need and give away too much money to friends and relatives.
【答案】
文中含有的5处定语从句如下：
1. It's not hard to imagine the things one could do with this newfound wealth ...
2. Take William Post, for example, who had only $2.46 in the bank when he won $ 16.2 million in a New York lottery in 1998.
3. Lottery winners are not the only ones who can end up unhappy.
4. People who get big money for some other reasons, ...
5. They waste money on things they don't need ...
（划线部分为定语从句内容）
【知识点】
定语从句判定，先行词识别，关系代词省略
【点评】
本题属于定语从句的基础识别类习题，既包含了带显性关系代词who的典型定语从句，也设置了两处省略关系代词的定语从句，能够帮助学生跳出“定语从句必须有明显引导词”的思维误区，夯实对定语从句核心特征的理解，区分定语从句和其他名词性从句的差异。
【难度系数】
0.5
三、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入正确的关系代词
A special visit to the zoo
Last month, our class took a trip to a zoo (1)
The keeper (5)
This is the experience (9)
A special visit to the zoo
Last month, our class took a trip to a zoo (1)
which/that
is famous for its panda exhibit. The first animal (2) that
we saw was a giant panda (3) whose
name was Lele. She was eating bamboo (4) which/that
was grown in the zoo's own garden.The keeper (5)
who/that
takes care of Lele showed us some photos. One photo showed the tree (6) which/that
she likes to climb every morning. Then we saw the pandas (7) that/which/who
were born last year. They were the cutest ones (8) that
I had ever seen.This is the experience (9)
that/which
I will never forget. It taught me that the animals (10) that/which
we love need our protection.答案
1. which/that
2. that
3. whose
4. which/that
5. who/that
6. which/that
7. that/which/who
8. that
9. that/which
10. that/which
2. that
3. whose
4. which/that
5. who/that
6. which/that
7. that/which/who
8. that
9. that/which
10. that/which
解析
【分析】
这道题考查定语从句关系代词的选用，解题可以按照三步思路推进：第一步先定位每个空格对应的定语从句的先行词，判断先行词是指人还是指物；第二步分析定语从句缺失的成分，判断关系代词需要充当主语、宾语还是定语；第三步结合定语从句的特殊使用规则（比如先行词被序数词、最高级修饰时的限制要求），匹配对应的正确关系代词，就能逐个推出答案。
【解析】
我们逐个空推导验证：
1. 先行词是zoo（动物园，指物），定语从句缺少主语，指代物作主语可用which/that。
2. 先行词是animal，前面有序数词the first修饰，属于定语从句中只能用that不能用which的特殊情况，故填that。
3. 先行词是giant panda，和从句中的name是所属关系，表达“大熊猫的名字”，关系代词需要作定语修饰name，故填whose。
4. 先行词是bamboo（竹子，指物），定语从句缺少主语，指代物作主语可用which/that。
5. 先行词是keeper（饲养员，指人），定语从句缺少主语，指代人作主语可用who/that。
6. 先行词是tree（树，指物），定语从句中climb后缺少宾语，指代物作宾语可用which/that。
7. 先行词是pandas，此处可以将拟人化的熊猫视作指人对象，也可按普通事物处理，定语从句缺少主语，故可用that/which/who。
8. 先行词是ones，前面有最高级the cutest修饰，属于定语从句中只能用that不能用which的特殊情况，故填that。
9. 先行词是experience（经历，指物），定语从句中forget后缺少宾语，指代物作宾语可用that/which。
10. 先行词是animals（动物，指物），定语从句中love后缺少宾语，指代物作宾语可用that/which。
【答案】
1. which/that
2. that
3. whose
4. which/that
5. who/that
6. which/that
7. that/which/who
8. that
9. that/which
10. that/which
【知识点】
定语从句，关系代词辨析，that特殊用法
【点评】
本题是定语从句关系代词的经典基础练习题，覆盖了先行词指人、指物、表所属关系等常规考点，也包含了先行词被序数词、最高级修饰时的特殊规则考点，能够有效帮助学生巩固关系代词的选用逻辑，易错点集中在第2、8空的that特殊限制用法，以及whose表所属的用法区分。
【难度系数】
0.7
这道题考查定语从句关系代词的选用，解题可以按照三步思路推进：第一步先定位每个空格对应的定语从句的先行词，判断先行词是指人还是指物；第二步分析定语从句缺失的成分，判断关系代词需要充当主语、宾语还是定语；第三步结合定语从句的特殊使用规则（比如先行词被序数词、最高级修饰时的限制要求），匹配对应的正确关系代词，就能逐个推出答案。
【解析】
我们逐个空推导验证：
1. 先行词是zoo（动物园，指物），定语从句缺少主语，指代物作主语可用which/that。
2. 先行词是animal，前面有序数词the first修饰，属于定语从句中只能用that不能用which的特殊情况，故填that。
3. 先行词是giant panda，和从句中的name是所属关系，表达“大熊猫的名字”，关系代词需要作定语修饰name，故填whose。
4. 先行词是bamboo（竹子，指物），定语从句缺少主语，指代物作主语可用which/that。
5. 先行词是keeper（饲养员，指人），定语从句缺少主语，指代人作主语可用who/that。
6. 先行词是tree（树，指物），定语从句中climb后缺少宾语，指代物作宾语可用which/that。
7. 先行词是pandas，此处可以将拟人化的熊猫视作指人对象，也可按普通事物处理，定语从句缺少主语，故可用that/which/who。
8. 先行词是ones，前面有最高级the cutest修饰，属于定语从句中只能用that不能用which的特殊情况，故填that。
9. 先行词是experience（经历，指物），定语从句中forget后缺少宾语，指代物作宾语可用that/which。
10. 先行词是animals（动物，指物），定语从句中love后缺少宾语，指代物作宾语可用that/which。
【答案】
1. which/that
2. that
3. whose
4. which/that
5. who/that
6. which/that
7. that/which/who
8. that
9. that/which
10. that/which
【知识点】
定语从句，关系代词辨析，that特殊用法
【点评】
本题是定语从句关系代词的经典基础练习题，覆盖了先行词指人、指物、表所属关系等常规考点，也包含了先行词被序数词、最高级修饰时的特殊规则考点，能够有效帮助学生巩固关系代词的选用逻辑，易错点集中在第2、8空的that特殊限制用法，以及whose表所属的用法区分。
【难度系数】
0.7
