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Ⅰ. 阅读短文,完成思维导图,每空不超过3个词
We sometimes say the lion is "the king of the jungle", because it is stronger and more dangerous than many other animals. Most other animals in the jungle run more slowly than the lion, so it can hunt better. The lion is the top animal in the land food chain.
In the sea, the shark is at the top of the food chain. Most other sea animals swim much more slowly than it does. It can also use its big teeth to catch other sea animals and eat them.
What is at the top of the world's food chain? Humans are! We are not the biggest or fastest, but we are the cleverest! We could not catch up with most animals, so we invented cars, planes, trains and so on. Now we can move the fastest. We could not fight better than a lion, so we invented guns. Now we can hunt the best.
People's inventions help a lot, but they can be dangerous too. For example, many years ago in Inner Mongolia, people used guns to kill a lot of wild wolves.
The wild wolves usually eat wild rabbits. But in recent years, the number of wild rabbits is becoming bigger and bigger because the number of wild wolves is getting smaller and smaller.
The wild rabbits competed for the grass with the sheep and cows. Much of the grassland turned into desert because the rabbits destroyed (毁坏) it seriously.
Remember that we are a part of the food chain, so we are in danger too! If we protect animals, we are protecting ourselves. Luckily, people have paid much attention to such problems. We will do more things to keep the balance of the ecosystem in the future.
Food Chain
The food chain of land animals: The lion can run 1 most other animals.
The food chain of sea animals: 2 stands at the top of the sea food chain.
The world’s food chain: People’s inventions are 3 but dangerous.
The balance of the food chain: While the number of wild wolves is getting smaller and smaller, the number of wild rabbits is getting 4.
What to do: Do more things to 5 of the ecosystem.
We sometimes say the lion is "the king of the jungle", because it is stronger and more dangerous than many other animals. Most other animals in the jungle run more slowly than the lion, so it can hunt better. The lion is the top animal in the land food chain.
In the sea, the shark is at the top of the food chain. Most other sea animals swim much more slowly than it does. It can also use its big teeth to catch other sea animals and eat them.
What is at the top of the world's food chain? Humans are! We are not the biggest or fastest, but we are the cleverest! We could not catch up with most animals, so we invented cars, planes, trains and so on. Now we can move the fastest. We could not fight better than a lion, so we invented guns. Now we can hunt the best.
People's inventions help a lot, but they can be dangerous too. For example, many years ago in Inner Mongolia, people used guns to kill a lot of wild wolves.
The wild wolves usually eat wild rabbits. But in recent years, the number of wild rabbits is becoming bigger and bigger because the number of wild wolves is getting smaller and smaller.
The wild rabbits competed for the grass with the sheep and cows. Much of the grassland turned into desert because the rabbits destroyed (毁坏) it seriously.
Remember that we are a part of the food chain, so we are in danger too! If we protect animals, we are protecting ourselves. Luckily, people have paid much attention to such problems. We will do more things to keep the balance of the ecosystem in the future.
Food Chain
The food chain of land animals: The lion can run 1 most other animals.
The food chain of sea animals: 2 stands at the top of the sea food chain.
The world’s food chain: People’s inventions are 3 but dangerous.
The balance of the food chain: While the number of wild wolves is getting smaller and smaller, the number of wild rabbits is getting 4.
What to do: Do more things to 5 of the ecosystem.
答案
1. faster than2. The shark3. helpful4. bigger and bigger5. keep the balance
解析
【分析】
解题思路为：先通读短文，明确每个空对应的主题（陆地食物链、海洋食物链等），再定位原文中对应主题的句子，提取符合“每空不超过3个词”要求的准确内容，确保信息与原文匹配。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段“Most other animals in the jungle run more slowly than the lion”，可知狮子跑得比其他动物快，故填faster than；
2. 定位原文第二段“In the sea, the shark is at the top of the food chain”，可知海洋食物链顶端是鲨鱼，故填The shark；
3. 定位原文第四段“People's inventions help a lot, but they can be dangerous too”，可知人类发明的东西有帮助但危险，故填helpful；
4. 定位原文第五段“the number of wild rabbits is becoming bigger and bigger because the number of wild wolves is getting smaller and smaller”，可知狼变少则兔子数量变多，故填bigger and bigger；
5. 定位原文最后一段“We will do more things to keep the balance of the ecosystem”，可知要做的是保持生态平衡，故填keep the balance。
【答案】
1. faster than 2. The shark 3. helpful 4. bigger and bigger 5. keep the balance
【知识点】
阅读理解细节理解，生态平衡
【点评】
本题为信息提取类阅读题，考查学生从短文中定位对应细节信息的能力，需准确匹配原文内容，难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.8
解题思路为：先通读短文，明确每个空对应的主题（陆地食物链、海洋食物链等），再定位原文中对应主题的句子，提取符合“每空不超过3个词”要求的准确内容，确保信息与原文匹配。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段“Most other animals in the jungle run more slowly than the lion”，可知狮子跑得比其他动物快，故填faster than；
2. 定位原文第二段“In the sea, the shark is at the top of the food chain”，可知海洋食物链顶端是鲨鱼，故填The shark；
3. 定位原文第四段“People's inventions help a lot, but they can be dangerous too”，可知人类发明的东西有帮助但危险，故填helpful；
4. 定位原文第五段“the number of wild rabbits is becoming bigger and bigger because the number of wild wolves is getting smaller and smaller”，可知狼变少则兔子数量变多，故填bigger and bigger；
5. 定位原文最后一段“We will do more things to keep the balance of the ecosystem”，可知要做的是保持生态平衡，故填keep the balance。
【答案】
1. faster than 2. The shark 3. helpful 4. bigger and bigger 5. keep the balance
【知识点】
阅读理解细节理解，生态平衡
【点评】
本题为信息提取类阅读题，考查学生从短文中定位对应细节信息的能力，需准确匹配原文内容，难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.8
Ⅱ.阅读短文,回答问题
A forest is like a football team. It sounds unusual, but it's true. Each player does an im-
portant job, but they can't win by themselves, so
they work together. The same is true of all plants
and animals in a forest. They depend on each
other to live. We call this an ecosystem.
There are three jobs in an ecosystem: the
producer, the consumer and the decomposer.
The trees in the forest produce food by them-
selves. Giraffes themselves can't make their own
food, so they consume or eat the trees' leaves.
But sometimes hungry lions or other animals eat
giraffes. When animals die, their bodies become
part of the soil to help the forest grow. So the
ecosystem can keep on going.
Ecosystems come in lots of kinds and sizes.
A backyard or even a big sea can be an ecosys-
tem. The key thing is that an ecosystem has to
be balanced. If there weren't animals to eat gi-
raffes, giraffes would eat too many leaves. This
wouldn't be good for the trees, and this would
make it difficult for giraffes to find food. Differ-
ent weather and natural disasters can change the
ecosystems. Human activities like cutting down
the trees and hunting can also bring problems.
Ecosystems are everywhere. They play an
important role in our life. It is necessary for us
to do what we can to keep them working well.
1. What are the three roles in an ecosystem?
2. What's the most important thing in an ecosys-
tem?
3. What may cause an ecosystem to change?
A forest is like a football team. It sounds unusual, but it's true. Each player does an im-
portant job, but they can't win by themselves, so
they work together. The same is true of all plants
and animals in a forest. They depend on each
other to live. We call this an ecosystem.
There are three jobs in an ecosystem: the
producer, the consumer and the decomposer.
The trees in the forest produce food by them-
selves. Giraffes themselves can't make their own
food, so they consume or eat the trees' leaves.
But sometimes hungry lions or other animals eat
giraffes. When animals die, their bodies become
part of the soil to help the forest grow. So the
ecosystem can keep on going.
Ecosystems come in lots of kinds and sizes.
A backyard or even a big sea can be an ecosys-
tem. The key thing is that an ecosystem has to
be balanced. If there weren't animals to eat gi-
raffes, giraffes would eat too many leaves. This
wouldn't be good for the trees, and this would
make it difficult for giraffes to find food. Differ-
ent weather and natural disasters can change the
ecosystems. Human activities like cutting down
the trees and hunting can also bring problems.
Ecosystems are everywhere. They play an
important role in our life. It is necessary for us
to do what we can to keep them working well.
1. What are the three roles in an ecosystem?
They are the producer, the consumer and the decomposer.
2. What's the most important thing in an ecosys-
tem?
An ecosystem has to be balanced.
3. What may cause an ecosystem to change?
Different weather, natural disasters and human activities.
答案
1. They are the producer, the consumer and the decomposer.
2. An ecosystem has to be balanced.
3. Different weather, natural disasters and human activities.
2. An ecosystem has to be balanced.
3. Different weather, natural disasters and human activities.
解析
【分析】
本题为阅读理解题，需根据短文内容提取关键信息作答。解题时，先通读短文，针对每个问题定位原文对应段落，找到相关句子后整理成规范答案即可。
【解析】
1. 问题询问生态系统的三个角色，定位短文第二段，原文明确指出“There are three jobs in an ecosystem: the producer, the consumer and the decomposer.”，据此可得出答案。
2. 问题询问生态系统最重要的事，定位短文第三段，原文提到“The key thing is that an ecosystem has to be balanced.”，据此作答。
3. 问题询问导致生态系统改变的因素，定位短文第三段，原文说明“Different weather and natural disasters can change the ecosystems. Human activities like cutting down the trees and hunting can also bring problems.”，整理这三个因素即可。
【答案】
1. They are the producer, the consumer and the decomposer.
2. An ecosystem has to be balanced.
3. Different weather, natural disasters and human activities.
【知识点】
阅读理解提取信息，生态系统英文表达
【点评】
本题属于基础阅读理解题，主要考查学生快速定位原文关键信息的能力，难度较低，只要认真阅读短文就能准确作答。
【难度系数】
0.8
本题为阅读理解题，需根据短文内容提取关键信息作答。解题时，先通读短文，针对每个问题定位原文对应段落，找到相关句子后整理成规范答案即可。
【解析】
1. 问题询问生态系统的三个角色，定位短文第二段，原文明确指出“There are three jobs in an ecosystem: the producer, the consumer and the decomposer.”，据此可得出答案。
2. 问题询问生态系统最重要的事，定位短文第三段，原文提到“The key thing is that an ecosystem has to be balanced.”，据此作答。
3. 问题询问导致生态系统改变的因素，定位短文第三段，原文说明“Different weather and natural disasters can change the ecosystems. Human activities like cutting down the trees and hunting can also bring problems.”，整理这三个因素即可。
【答案】
1. They are the producer, the consumer and the decomposer.
2. An ecosystem has to be balanced.
3. Different weather, natural disasters and human activities.
【知识点】
阅读理解提取信息，生态系统英文表达
【点评】
本题属于基础阅读理解题，主要考查学生快速定位原文关键信息的能力，难度较低，只要认真阅读短文就能准确作答。
【难度系数】
0.8
