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三、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. It was
2. The newly-invented
3. He acquired a good knowledge of English during his stay in New York and now he serves as an
4. His
5. Due to the
6. The witnesses' statements
1. It was
implied
(imply) that we were mistaken about the result of the experiment.2. The newly-invented
detector
was designed to detect
the disease early, for early detection
is likely to save more lives. (detect)3. He acquired a good knowledge of English during his stay in New York and now he serves as an
interpreter
(interpret) in a big company.4. His
logic
leaving no room for criticism, he ranked first in the debate, for he argued most logically
. (logic)5. Due to the
freezing
weather, the pipe became blocked with frozen
liquid and therefore couldn't be used. (freeze)6. The witnesses' statements
contradicted
each other and the facts remained unclear. In the court the witnesses gave two completely contradictory
accounts. (contradict)答案
1. implied 2. detector; to detect; detection
3. interpreter 4. logic; logically 5. freezing; frozen
6. contradicted; contradictory
3. interpreter 4. logic; logically 5. freezing; frozen
6. contradicted; contradictory
四、七选五
Long, long ago people couldn't write and they had no books. But they had stories. People learned the stories by heart and taught new ones to one another. Sometimes it was hard to remember them all. 1
The ancient Egyptians wrote their stories on something made from papyrus(纸莎草) plants. People in other places learned to use papyrus from the Egyptians. 2
In ancient China books looked a little different. At that time, people there used ink to write on bamboo or silk. And then they invented paper. Made of trees, paper was easier and cheaper to make than papyrus or parchment. 3
4
5
A. But papyrus grew mainly in Egypt.
B. It took years to finish making just one book.
C. Finally books could be printed by the thousands.
D. Things grew a little easier when writing was invented.
E. Its surface was smoother and better for writing on too.
F. Books in the West didn't change for a long time after that.
G. The Chinese were the first to think of a way to speed things up a little.
1.
Long, long ago people couldn't write and they had no books. But they had stories. People learned the stories by heart and taught new ones to one another. Sometimes it was hard to remember them all. 1
D
The ancient Egyptians wrote their stories on something made from papyrus(纸莎草) plants. People in other places learned to use papyrus from the Egyptians. 2
A
So parchment(羊皮纸), made from goatskin, later took its place.In ancient China books looked a little different. At that time, people there used ink to write on bamboo or silk. And then they invented paper. Made of trees, paper was easier and cheaper to make than papyrus or parchment. 3
E
Paper-making later spread to the West, but there was a big problem with these early books. Every single one had to be copied and written by hand.4
G
They carved(雕刻) a page of words into a piece of wood or stone. They could then print the page by spreading ink on the wood or stone and putting it against paper. But it wasn't until a German printer invented movable, metal letters that books became fast and easy to make. The letters could be used to print copy after copy, and the letters put together again and again to print different pages of words.5
C
Once a luxury only the rich could buy, they soon became a treasure everyone could enjoy.A. But papyrus grew mainly in Egypt.
B. It took years to finish making just one book.
C. Finally books could be printed by the thousands.
D. Things grew a little easier when writing was invented.
E. Its surface was smoother and better for writing on too.
F. Books in the West didn't change for a long time after that.
G. The Chinese were the first to think of a way to speed things up a little.
1.
D
2. A
3. E
4. G
5. C
答案
1.D 2.A 3.E 4.G 5.C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章按时间顺序介绍了书籍载体的演变历史,最后重点讲述了中国雕版印刷术的发明如何使书籍得以大规模、快速地生产,从而普及开来。
1. D 解析:上文描述了文字发明前,人们依靠记忆和口述传承故事的困难,D选项“Things grew a little easier when writing was invented.”承接上文,明确指出“文字的发明”是解决上述困难的关键转折点。下文开始讲述古埃及人在莎草纸上书写故事,正是对“writing was invented”之后情况的具体展开。D选项起到了从“史前”过渡到“有文字记录历史”的作用。故选D。
2. A 解析:上文“People in other places learned to use papyrus from the Egyptians.”指出莎草纸的使用传播到了埃及以外的地区,A选项“But papyrus grew mainly in Egypt.”与上文构成转折关系,指出了莎草纸推广面临的一个根本性限制:其原材料的地域局限性。下文“So parchment, made from goatskin, later took its place.”则顺理成章地说明了由于纸莎草原材料短缺(主要在埃及),人们找到了替代品——羊皮纸。A选项解释了为何需要寻找“parchment”这一替代品,是逻辑链条中的关键一环。故选A。
3. E 解析:上文“Made of trees, paper was easier and cheaper to make than papyrus or parchment.”介绍了纸相对于前两种材料的优点(易得、便宜),E选项“Its surface was smoother and better for writing on too.”通过too这个递进词,进一步补充了纸的另一个优点——书写体验更好。此处Its surface指代的就是上文提到的paper的表面,该选项使对纸的优点描述更加全面,下文“Paper-making later spread to the West, but there was a big problem with these early books.”则转向讨论纸普及后书籍制作的另一个瓶颈,E选项的补充与下文形成顺畅的语义衔接。故选E。
4. G 解析:下文“They carved a page of words into a piece of wood or stone. They could then print the page by spreading ink on the wood or stone and putting it against paper.”详细描述了一种早期的印刷技术(雕版印刷),G选项“The Chinese were the first to think of a way to speed things up a little.”位于段首,作为总起句,点明本段要介绍的是中国人发明的、旨在加速书籍生产的方法。下文的雕版印刷正是对“a way to speed things up”的具体说明。上下文形成“总括—详解”的关系,且G选项中的“The Chinese”与下文的“They”形成指代关系。故选G。
5. C 解析:上文“But it wasn't until a German printer... different pages of words.(但直到一位德国印刷工人发明了可移动的金属活字,书籍才变得快速且易于制作。这些活字可以用来印刷一份又一份副本,并且可以反复组合来印刷不同页的文字)”介绍了活字印刷术的发明及其带来的革命性变化(快速、批量、可重复使用),C选项“Finally books could be printed by the thousands.”是对上文活字印刷术效果的总结和升华,用by the thousands生动地描绘了书籍生产从手工复制到工业化规模印刷的巨大飞跃。下文“Once a luxury only the rich could buy, they soon became a treasure everyone could enjoy.”则是在C选项的基础上,进一步阐述书籍大规模生产带来的社会影响——普及化。C选项是连接技术革新与社会影响之间的关键句。故选C。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章按时间顺序介绍了书籍载体的演变历史,最后重点讲述了中国雕版印刷术的发明如何使书籍得以大规模、快速地生产,从而普及开来。
1. D 解析:上文描述了文字发明前,人们依靠记忆和口述传承故事的困难,D选项“Things grew a little easier when writing was invented.”承接上文,明确指出“文字的发明”是解决上述困难的关键转折点。下文开始讲述古埃及人在莎草纸上书写故事,正是对“writing was invented”之后情况的具体展开。D选项起到了从“史前”过渡到“有文字记录历史”的作用。故选D。
2. A 解析:上文“People in other places learned to use papyrus from the Egyptians.”指出莎草纸的使用传播到了埃及以外的地区,A选项“But papyrus grew mainly in Egypt.”与上文构成转折关系,指出了莎草纸推广面临的一个根本性限制:其原材料的地域局限性。下文“So parchment, made from goatskin, later took its place.”则顺理成章地说明了由于纸莎草原材料短缺(主要在埃及),人们找到了替代品——羊皮纸。A选项解释了为何需要寻找“parchment”这一替代品,是逻辑链条中的关键一环。故选A。
3. E 解析:上文“Made of trees, paper was easier and cheaper to make than papyrus or parchment.”介绍了纸相对于前两种材料的优点(易得、便宜),E选项“Its surface was smoother and better for writing on too.”通过too这个递进词,进一步补充了纸的另一个优点——书写体验更好。此处Its surface指代的就是上文提到的paper的表面,该选项使对纸的优点描述更加全面,下文“Paper-making later spread to the West, but there was a big problem with these early books.”则转向讨论纸普及后书籍制作的另一个瓶颈,E选项的补充与下文形成顺畅的语义衔接。故选E。
4. G 解析:下文“They carved a page of words into a piece of wood or stone. They could then print the page by spreading ink on the wood or stone and putting it against paper.”详细描述了一种早期的印刷技术(雕版印刷),G选项“The Chinese were the first to think of a way to speed things up a little.”位于段首,作为总起句,点明本段要介绍的是中国人发明的、旨在加速书籍生产的方法。下文的雕版印刷正是对“a way to speed things up”的具体说明。上下文形成“总括—详解”的关系,且G选项中的“The Chinese”与下文的“They”形成指代关系。故选G。
5. C 解析:上文“But it wasn't until a German printer... different pages of words.(但直到一位德国印刷工人发明了可移动的金属活字,书籍才变得快速且易于制作。这些活字可以用来印刷一份又一份副本,并且可以反复组合来印刷不同页的文字)”介绍了活字印刷术的发明及其带来的革命性变化(快速、批量、可重复使用),C选项“Finally books could be printed by the thousands.”是对上文活字印刷术效果的总结和升华,用by the thousands生动地描绘了书籍生产从手工复制到工业化规模印刷的巨大飞跃。下文“Once a luxury only the rich could buy, they soon became a treasure everyone could enjoy.”则是在C选项的基础上,进一步阐述书籍大规模生产带来的社会影响——普及化。C选项是连接技术革新与社会影响之间的关键句。故选C。
