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Ⅲ.Read the passage and answer the following questions.
The history of transportation is very long. It starts with walking. Walking was the only way to get to other places. If you wanted to get somewhere quickly, all you could do was to run.
Then people invented ways to transport. In some cultures, people invented sledges. That is a kind of board that you drag along the ground. You can tie things on the sledge to help carry them. In other cultures, people invented wheels. That was the beginning of many changes.
Once people had wheels, they could invent other ways to travel. They could put the wheel on a board and make it a wagon. That wheel led to what we have today: trucks, automobiles, even planes.
How is the wheel part of planes? An airplane has to take off and land. It needs to have wheels so it can start building speed as it takes off. Then when it lands, it needs wheels to help it land safely. Even the shuttle, a spaceship, needs to have wheels when it lands. Astronauts pilot the shuttle when it lands on a runway. Some planes have skids, which are like sleds. Those planes use those skids to land on water. But most planes need those wheels. The first planes were gliders. They just sailed on the wind. But they had wheels, too. Then came the airplane with an engine. And then came the jet plane. Now we have spaceships. They all started with that glider.
There is another kind of travel that started in a different way. Water travel has changed a lot, and it has not needed wheels. The first way people could travel on water was swimming. Probably the first person to make a boat really just used a log. They could see if the log floated and then they could put things on it and push them along. Soon people would be carving wood to make boats. They would make them from animal skin, too. People figured out how to make sailboat so the wind would push the boat through the water.
1. What is the main idea of this passage?
2. How do you know it?
3. Where are the topic sentences in this passage? Underline five sentences that help you know the main idea.
4. Is the invention of the wheel important? Why do you think so?
5. What do you think of travelling around the world now?
The history of transportation is very long. It starts with walking. Walking was the only way to get to other places. If you wanted to get somewhere quickly, all you could do was to run.
Then people invented ways to transport. In some cultures, people invented sledges. That is a kind of board that you drag along the ground. You can tie things on the sledge to help carry them. In other cultures, people invented wheels. That was the beginning of many changes.
Once people had wheels, they could invent other ways to travel. They could put the wheel on a board and make it a wagon. That wheel led to what we have today: trucks, automobiles, even planes.
How is the wheel part of planes? An airplane has to take off and land. It needs to have wheels so it can start building speed as it takes off. Then when it lands, it needs wheels to help it land safely. Even the shuttle, a spaceship, needs to have wheels when it lands. Astronauts pilot the shuttle when it lands on a runway. Some planes have skids, which are like sleds. Those planes use those skids to land on water. But most planes need those wheels. The first planes were gliders. They just sailed on the wind. But they had wheels, too. Then came the airplane with an engine. And then came the jet plane. Now we have spaceships. They all started with that glider.
There is another kind of travel that started in a different way. Water travel has changed a lot, and it has not needed wheels. The first way people could travel on water was swimming. Probably the first person to make a boat really just used a log. They could see if the log floated and then they could put things on it and push them along. Soon people would be carving wood to make boats. They would make them from animal skin, too. People figured out how to make sailboat so the wind would push the boat through the water.
1. What is the main idea of this passage?
2. How do you know it?
3. Where are the topic sentences in this passage? Underline five sentences that help you know the main idea.
4. Is the invention of the wheel important? Why do you think so?
5. What do you think of travelling around the world now?
答案
1. The history of transportation is very long. / Transportation has changed a lot.
2. The first sentence of the first paragraph.
3. At the beginning of each paragraph.（画线略）
4. Yes, because with wheels, people were able to invent carriages, cars, planes, etc.
5. Very convenient./ Very easy.
2. The first sentence of the first paragraph.
3. At the beginning of each paragraph.（画线略）
4. Yes, because with wheels, people were able to invent carriages, cars, planes, etc.
5. Very convenient./ Very easy.
解析
【分析】本题为英语阅读理解题，需结合文章内容逐一解答：1. 主旨大意题需通读全文提炼核心；2. 对应主旨句位置需定位关键句；3. 主题句通常在段落开头，需识别各段主题句；4. 关于轮子的重要性，需提取文中轮子带来的发明相关信息；5. 结合现代交通特点回答。
【解析】1. 全文围绕交通的历史与变化展开，核心主旨为交通历史悠久或变化大；2. 第一段第一句直接点明交通历史长，是主旨句；3. 各段主题句均位于段落开头；4. 轮子的发明推动了马车、汽车、飞机等多种交通工具的出现，因此很重要；5. 现代交通发达，环球旅行非常方便、容易。
【答案】1. The history of transportation is very long. / Transportation has changed a lot.
2. The first sentence of the first paragraph.
3. At the beginning of each paragraph.
4. Yes, because with wheels, people were able to invent carriages, cars, planes, etc.
5. Very convenient./ Very easy.
【知识点】英语阅读理解，主旨大意，细节理解
【点评】本题考查学生的英语阅读能力，包括主旨提炼、细节定位、主题句识别，需认真阅读文章提取关键信息，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.5
【解析】1. 全文围绕交通的历史与变化展开，核心主旨为交通历史悠久或变化大；2. 第一段第一句直接点明交通历史长，是主旨句；3. 各段主题句均位于段落开头；4. 轮子的发明推动了马车、汽车、飞机等多种交通工具的出现，因此很重要；5. 现代交通发达，环球旅行非常方便、容易。
【答案】1. The history of transportation is very long. / Transportation has changed a lot.
2. The first sentence of the first paragraph.
3. At the beginning of each paragraph.
4. Yes, because with wheels, people were able to invent carriages, cars, planes, etc.
5. Very convenient./ Very easy.
【知识点】英语阅读理解，主旨大意，细节理解
【点评】本题考查学生的英语阅读能力，包括主旨提炼、细节定位、主题句识别，需认真阅读文章提取关键信息，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.5
