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五、阅读理解
After a 10-year project to count tuna (金枪鱼) and other large fish in the world's oceans, scientists have made a very surprising discovery: These fish are almost gone. Because of too much fishing, almost 90 per cent of the worldwide population of large fish—the ones we usually eat—has disappeared (消失). If we don't act, these animals will totally disappear. That will influence every animal in the ocean.
The demand for fish is growing. Almost a billion people around the world get their protein (蛋白质) mostly from fish. Doctors praise seafood for being low in fat. But what seems like a healthy choice for humans is causing a disaster to the ocean. "People are consuming (消费) too much," says Lance Morgan, a scientist at the Marine Conservation Biology Institute.
A dish of tuna in restaurants costs more than just one animal's life. When fish like tuna disappear from the ecosystem (生态系统), the ocean's food chain (链) breaks down. Animals such as sharks (鲨鱼), which normally eat tuna, ▲.
The news may be scary, but taking action from now on can prevent harm that hasn't happened yet. World organizations are ordering countries to stop fishing too much. The Monterey Bay Aquarium gives seafood choices to anyone hoping to keep healthy without harming the environment.
"If you care about wildlife, first spend time and think about your own values and beliefs," says Morgan. "Then decide what you're going to eat."
(
A. By giving a fact. B. By asking a question.
C. By telling a story. D. By using a saying.
(
A. Wish. B. Support. C. Need. D. Price.
(
A. have to hunt humans for food B. can become the king of the ocean
C. may die without enough food D. have more food choices
(
A. To tell people to stop polluting the ocean.
B. To tell people to protect wildlife in the ocean.
C. To tell people to avoid eating too much seafood.
D. To tell people to live a balanced and healthy life.
(
A. We need to eat wild animals.
B. We need to care about wildlife.
C. We should stop eating anything from the ocean.
D. Values and beliefs decide what we eat.
After a 10-year project to count tuna (金枪鱼) and other large fish in the world's oceans, scientists have made a very surprising discovery: These fish are almost gone. Because of too much fishing, almost 90 per cent of the worldwide population of large fish—the ones we usually eat—has disappeared (消失). If we don't act, these animals will totally disappear. That will influence every animal in the ocean.
The demand for fish is growing. Almost a billion people around the world get their protein (蛋白质) mostly from fish. Doctors praise seafood for being low in fat. But what seems like a healthy choice for humans is causing a disaster to the ocean. "People are consuming (消费) too much," says Lance Morgan, a scientist at the Marine Conservation Biology Institute.
A dish of tuna in restaurants costs more than just one animal's life. When fish like tuna disappear from the ecosystem (生态系统), the ocean's food chain (链) breaks down. Animals such as sharks (鲨鱼), which normally eat tuna, ▲.
The news may be scary, but taking action from now on can prevent harm that hasn't happened yet. World organizations are ordering countries to stop fishing too much. The Monterey Bay Aquarium gives seafood choices to anyone hoping to keep healthy without harming the environment.
"If you care about wildlife, first spend time and think about your own values and beliefs," says Morgan. "Then decide what you're going to eat."
(
A
) 1. How does the writer start the text?A. By giving a fact. B. By asking a question.
C. By telling a story. D. By using a saying.
(
C
) 2. What does the underlined word "demand" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Wish. B. Support. C. Need. D. Price.
(
C
) 3. Which can be filled in the "▲" of Paragraph 3?A. have to hunt humans for food B. can become the king of the ocean
C. may die without enough food D. have more food choices
(
B
) 4. What's the purpose of the text?A. To tell people to stop polluting the ocean.
B. To tell people to protect wildlife in the ocean.
C. To tell people to avoid eating too much seafood.
D. To tell people to live a balanced and healthy life.
(
B
) 5. What does the last paragraph of the article explain?A. We need to eat wild animals.
B. We need to care about wildlife.
C. We should stop eating anything from the ocean.
D. Values and beliefs decide what we eat.
答案
1.A 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.B
解析
【分析】
1. 第1题：先观察文章开篇内容，作者以科学家历经10年调查得出的“海洋大型鱼类几乎消失”这一客观事实引入话题，据此判断开篇方式，对应选项A。
2. 第2题：结合第二段上下文，“The demand for fish is growing”后提到近10亿人主要从鱼类获取蛋白质，说明人们对鱼类的需求在增加，由此推测“demand”的含义为“需求”，对应选项C。
3. 第3题：根据第三段逻辑，金枪鱼是鲨鱼的主要食物来源，当金枪鱼从生态系统消失后，鲨鱼会因缺少食物面临生存危机，结合选项内容，只有C选项符合食物链断裂后的合理结果。
4. 第4题：通读全文，文章先指出过度捕捞导致海洋大型鱼类濒临消失，接着说明其对海洋生态的连锁影响，最后呼吁人们采取行动保护海洋生物，由此判断文章目的是呼吁保护海洋野生动物，对应选项B。
5. 第5题：分析最后一段内容，Morgan的话以“If you care about wildlife”开篇，后续内容是基于关心野生动物的前提下如何选择饮食，核心是强调我们需要关心野生动物，对应选项B。
【解析】
1. 第1题：文章开头直接呈现科学家的调查结果这一事实，属于“给出事实”的开篇方式，故选A。
2. 第2题：由第二段“Almost a billion people around the world get their protein mostly from fish”可知，人们对鱼类的需求持续增长，“demand”意为“需求”，与选项C“Need”含义相近，故选C。
3. 第3题：第三段表明金枪鱼消失会破坏海洋食物链，鲨鱼依赖金枪鱼为食，失去食物来源后，鲨鱼可能因食物不足死亡，故选C。
4. 第4题：文章围绕过度捕捞对海洋大型鱼类的危害展开，最终呼吁人们采取行动保护海洋生态与野生动物，因此文章目的是告诉人们保护海洋野生动物，故选B。
5. 第5题：最后一段核心观点是“要关心野生动物”，后续饮食选择的建议也是基于这一核心，所以该段主要解释我们需要关心野生动物，故选B。
【答案】
1.A 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.B
【知识点】
词义猜测、逻辑推理、主旨大意
【点评】
这篇阅读理解聚焦海洋生物保护主题，考查了阅读理解的核心能力，包括开篇方式判断、词义猜测、逻辑推理和主旨提炼。题目设置紧密结合文本内容，既考查学生对细节的把握，也引导学生关注海洋生态问题，培养环保意识。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第1题：先观察文章开篇内容，作者以科学家历经10年调查得出的“海洋大型鱼类几乎消失”这一客观事实引入话题，据此判断开篇方式，对应选项A。
2. 第2题：结合第二段上下文，“The demand for fish is growing”后提到近10亿人主要从鱼类获取蛋白质，说明人们对鱼类的需求在增加，由此推测“demand”的含义为“需求”，对应选项C。
3. 第3题：根据第三段逻辑，金枪鱼是鲨鱼的主要食物来源，当金枪鱼从生态系统消失后，鲨鱼会因缺少食物面临生存危机，结合选项内容，只有C选项符合食物链断裂后的合理结果。
4. 第4题：通读全文，文章先指出过度捕捞导致海洋大型鱼类濒临消失，接着说明其对海洋生态的连锁影响，最后呼吁人们采取行动保护海洋生物，由此判断文章目的是呼吁保护海洋野生动物，对应选项B。
5. 第5题：分析最后一段内容，Morgan的话以“If you care about wildlife”开篇，后续内容是基于关心野生动物的前提下如何选择饮食，核心是强调我们需要关心野生动物，对应选项B。
【解析】
1. 第1题：文章开头直接呈现科学家的调查结果这一事实，属于“给出事实”的开篇方式，故选A。
2. 第2题：由第二段“Almost a billion people around the world get their protein mostly from fish”可知，人们对鱼类的需求持续增长，“demand”意为“需求”，与选项C“Need”含义相近，故选C。
3. 第3题：第三段表明金枪鱼消失会破坏海洋食物链，鲨鱼依赖金枪鱼为食，失去食物来源后，鲨鱼可能因食物不足死亡，故选C。
4. 第4题：文章围绕过度捕捞对海洋大型鱼类的危害展开，最终呼吁人们采取行动保护海洋生态与野生动物，因此文章目的是告诉人们保护海洋野生动物，故选B。
5. 第5题：最后一段核心观点是“要关心野生动物”，后续饮食选择的建议也是基于这一核心，所以该段主要解释我们需要关心野生动物，故选B。
【答案】
1.A 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.B
【知识点】
词义猜测、逻辑推理、主旨大意
【点评】
这篇阅读理解聚焦海洋生物保护主题，考查了阅读理解的核心能力，包括开篇方式判断、词义猜测、逻辑推理和主旨提炼。题目设置紧密结合文本内容，既考查学生对细节的把握，也引导学生关注海洋生态问题，培养环保意识。
【难度系数】
0.6
