Ⅳ. 中考趋势 信息还原(每小题2分,共10分)
从方框中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项多余。
Ever since you were a baby, you have been growing. But your body usually grows very fast in some certain periods.
1. At that time, you were so small, but you grew so quickly. In fact, when you were born, your body had a programmed height and size it wanted to reach. If you look at the heights of your parents, aunts, uncles, siblings(兄弟姐妹) and grandparents, you can learn about how tall you might be when you've all grown up.
Around the ages of 8 to 13 in girls and 10 to 15 in boys, children grow more quickly.
2. And it is called adolescence(青春期). Often, you will see girls get taller than boys in late elementary school, and boys catch up and usually pass them in middle school and high school.
3. Your bones, your muscles, and your whole body have to get used to getting taller and bigger. You might feel clumsy(笨拙的); your voice might change, and you might feel different. All of these things are a natural part of growing up and becoming an adult.
4. But boys will finish growing between the ages of 16 and 18. Some boys and girls finish growing at different times because everyone is different.
It is very important to exercise enough, to eat properly, and to sleep enough when you are growing. Most children should be getting 10 to 12 hours of sleep per night. 5. Help your body grow by doing the right things.

Ⅳ. 1.F 2.C 3.G 4.E 5.A
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了人的身体发育过程。
1. F 解析:根据"At that time, you were so small, but you grew so quickly."以及后文提到出生后的生长情况可知,此处讲生命第一年的快速生长,故选 F。
2. C 解析:根据"Around the ages of 8 to 13 in girls and 10 to 15 in boys, children grow more quickly."和"And it is called adolescence."可知,这是因为男孩和女孩正在长大成人,故选 C。
3. G 解析:根据"Your bones, your muscles, and your whole body have to get used to getting taller and bigger. You might feel clumsy ..."可知,快速生长时感觉不舒服是很正常的,故选 G。
4. E 解析:根据"But boys will finish growing between the ages of 16 and 18."可知,前一句应讲女孩停止生长的年龄,故选 E。
5. A 解析:根据"Most children should be getting 10 to 12 hours of sleep per night."和"Help your body grow by doing the right things."可知,此处询问你是否得到足够睡眠,故选 A。

【分析】
这是一篇说明文类的信息还原题，解题时首先通读全文，明确文章是按时间顺序介绍人体不同阶段的生长发育特点，核心主线覆盖婴儿期生长、青春期生长、生长过程的感受、男女生长停止的年龄差异、生长所需的注意事项。接下来逐空定位上下文的关键线索：第1空后文提到"At that time, you were so small, but you grew so quickly"，指向婴儿阶段的快速生长，匹配对应选项；第2空前后分别提到特定年龄段的快速生长和青春期的定义，需要补充该阶段的本质原因；第3空后文描述生长过程中身体的异样感受，需要引出这类感受的合理性；第4空后文用转折词but引出男孩停止生长的年龄，前文必然对应女孩停止生长的年龄；第5空前文提到睡眠时长要求，后文呼吁做正确的事助力生长，对应询问是否满足生长所需条件的选项，排除两个多余选项即可得到全部答案。
【解析】
1. 空后提示"At that time, you were so small, but you grew so quickly"，后续内容围绕出生后的身高相关内容展开，F选项"During the first year of your life, you may grow up to 10 inches."正好对应婴儿期快速生长的语境，衔接上下文，选F。
2. 空前说明女孩8-13岁、男孩10-15岁会进入快速生长期，空后指出这个阶段叫做青春期，C选项"This is because boys and girls are growing up to be adults."解释了该阶段快速生长的原因，逻辑衔接通顺，选C。
3. 空后描述骨骼、肌肉和全身需要适应长高变大，会出现笨拙、声音变化等异样感受，G选项"It is very normal to feel uncomfortable when you are growing quickly."引出快速生长时不适感受的合理性，和后文描述的各类生长反应完全对应，选G。
4. 空后以But转折，说明男孩会在16到18岁之间停止生长，前后形成男女生长结束年龄的对比关系，E选项"Most girls will finish growing between the ages of 15 and 16."正好和后文男孩的停止生长年龄形成对应，符合转折逻辑，选E。
5. 空前提到大部分孩子每晚需要10到12小时的睡眠，空后呼吁通过正确的行为帮助身体生长，A选项"Are you getting enough?"承接前文的睡眠要求，引出后文的行为引导，衔接自然，选A。
【答案】
1.F 2.C 3.G 4.E 5.A
【知识点】
说明文信息还原，上下文逻辑衔接，细节线索定位
【点评】
本题是中考典型的信息还原题型，选取青少年熟悉的身体发育主题，语篇逻辑清晰，每空的提示线索都非常明确，多余选项干扰性较弱，重点考查学生抓取上下文关键词、梳理语篇逻辑关系的能力，学生只要顺着文章的生长时间线推导就能顺利选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.7

Ⅴ.词汇检测(每小题1分,共10分)
A)根据句意及汉语或首字母提示写出单词。
1. The story's message is that being
(刻薄的) to others often makes you feel worse about yourself in the end.
2. The library has a special section with books written for (青少年的) readers covering topics like friendship.
3. He felt a deep sense of s after realizing he had blamed (责怪) his little brother for something he did himself.
4. The child's b starts strictly at 8 p.m., even on weekends.
5. With three projects due(到期的) on the same day, it was natural for the students to be s.
B)用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。
6. In her (young), my grandmother travelled across the country on a train.
7. Is everything okay? You seem a little more quiet and thoughtful than usual (late).
8. This plant grows much faster than it does (normal) when you place it in a spot with direct sunlight.
9. Recovering from the surgery(手术) was a long and (pain) process.
10. He was always too proud to accept ( stranger ) help, even when he was struggling.

Ⅴ. A)1. mean 2. teenage 3. shame 4. bedtime 5. stressed
B)6. youth 7. lately 8. normally 9. painful 10. strangers'

【分析】
这道词汇检测题分为两个部分，A部分要求根据句意和汉语/首字母提示写出单词，B部分要求将所给单词转换为正确形式填空。解题时首先要通读完整句子，准确理解句意，先判断空格处所需的词性，再结合给出的汉语释义、首字母线索或者括号内的提示词，匹配符合语境的正确词汇，同时还要注意积累常见的固定搭配、词性转换规则，避免出现形式错误。
【解析】
A)
1. 句意：这个故事的寓意是，对他人刻薄最终往往会让你自我感觉更差。空格前是be动词，需要填入形容词，“刻薄的”对应的英文形容词为mean，固定搭配be mean to sb. 意为“对某人刻薄”，因此填mean。
2. 句意：图书馆设有专门区域，存放面向青少年读者、涵盖友谊等主题的书籍。空格后是名词readers，需要用形容词作定语修饰，“青少年的”对应的形容词是teenage，因此填teenage。
3. 句意：在意识到自己把自己犯下的错怪罪给了弟弟之后，他深感羞愧。空格前a sense of 后接名词，结合首字母s和语境，shame表示“羞愧、羞耻”，a deep sense of shame即“深深的羞愧感”，符合逻辑，因此填shame。
4. 句意：这个孩子的就寝时间严格定在晚上8点，就算周末也不例外。根据后文的时间提示at 8 p.m.和首字母b，bedtime意为“就寝时间、上床时间”，符合语境，因此填bedtime。
5. 句意：同一天有三个项目到期，学生们感到压力大是很正常的。空格在be动词后作表语，结合首字母s和语境，stressed是形容词，意为“有压力的、焦虑的”，用来描述人的状态，因此填stressed。
B)
6. 句意：我奶奶年轻的时候，坐火车环游了全国。固定搭配in one's youth是固定短语，意为“在某人年轻时”，需要将形容词young转换为名词youth，因此填youth。
7. 句意：一切都还好吗？你最近似乎比平时更安静、更若有所思。此处需要副词作时间状语修饰整个句子，要将形容词late转换为副词lately，意为“最近、近来”，因此填lately。
8. 句意：当你把这株植物放在阳光直射的位置时，它的生长速度比正常情况下快得多。此处需要副词修饰动词does（指代前文的grows），要将形容词normal转换为副词normally，意为“正常地”，因此填normally。
9. 句意：从手术中恢复是一个漫长且痛苦的过程。空格后是名词process，需要用形容词作定语修饰，要将名词pain转换为形容词painful，意为“痛苦的”，因此填painful。
10. 句意：他一向太过骄傲，哪怕身处困境也不肯接受陌生人的帮助。空格后是名词help，需要用名词所有格表示所属关系，此处泛指所有陌生人的帮助，用可数名词stranger的复数所有格strangers'，因此填strangers'。
【答案】
A)1. mean 2. teenage 3. shame 4. bedtime 5. stressed
B)6. youth 7. lately 8. normally 9. painful 10. strangers'
【知识点】
词汇拼写，词性转换，固定短语
【点评】
本题是初中英语基础词汇的常规考查，考点覆盖词义匹配、词性变形、固定搭配、名词所有格等核心基础知识点，整体难度偏低，解题的关键是先通过句子结构判断空格所需的词性，再结合语境线索锁定正确答案，日常学习中多积累常用词汇的不同词性变形和固定搭配，就能轻松完成这类题型。
【难度系数】
0.7