一、完形填空 中国国际救援队
素养:思维品质 难度:中 用时:7 分钟
The China International Search and Rescue Team(CISAR) was formed in 2001. It 1 help and hope to those who suffer from a storm, an earthquake, or any other natural disaster.
After long and 2 training, the Chinese team went on its first international rescue task in 2003. That year, the team helped save lives after earthquakes in Algeria and Iran, and they 3 positive comments for their bravery and abilities. Since then, the CISAR has completed lots of rescue 4 — they braved terrible situations to rescue people in Indonesia, Haiti and Pakistan.
Rescue workers are trained to find people, treat injuries(伤痛), and 5 food, water, and other things. They have to be able to do difficult work when it is very 6. For example, there is usually no electricity or water after a disaster, and there may be illnesses and accidents. Rescue workers must have big hearts, too. It takes lots of love and 7 to risk their own lives to save someone else's. The members of the CISAR are always ready to go 8 people need help.
Rescue workers leave their homes and families for the 9 job. We can't imagine how much they have sacrificed (牺牲) 10. They are real heroes!
1. A. sells B. closes C. makes D. brings
2. A. careful B. poor C. useless D. easy
3. A. gave B. received C. missed D. stopped
4. A. tasks B. mistakes C. research D. training
5. A. give up B. hand out C. cut down D. take over
6. A. quiet B. comfortable C. safe D. dangerous
7. A. boredom B. patience C. courage D. doubt
8. A. whenever B. wherever C. whatever D. whoever
9. A. life-saving B. breathtaking C. eye-catching D. heartbreaking
10. A. carelessly B. naturally C. selflessly D. totally
拓展设问
1. When did CISAR begin its first international rescue task?

2. What qualities should CISAR members have?

【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了中国国际救援队的相关信息,这些救援队员是真正的英雄。
1. D 根据第二段中的“the team helped save lives”及第三段中的“Rescue workers are trained to find people, treat injuries(伤痛), and 5 food, water, and other things”可知,中国国际救援队给受灾后的人们带去帮助和希望。故选D。
2. A 根据第三段中的“Rescue workers are trained to find people ... other things. They have to be able to do difficult work”可推知,他们接受了长期且周密的培训。故careful“仔细的,周密的”符合文意。
3. B 根据空后的“for their bravery and abilities”可知,中国国际救援队因他们的勇敢和才能获得了正面的评论。receive表示“获得”,符合语境。
4. A 根据上文中的“international rescue task”和空后的“they braved terrible situations to rescue people”可知,中国国际救援队完成了很多救援任务,故选A。
5. B give up“放弃”;hand out“分发”;cut down“削减”;take over“接管”。根据空后的“food, water, and other things”和常识可知,救援队员接受的培训包括分发食物、水和其他物品,故选B。
6. D 根据空后的“For example, there is usually no electricity or water after a disaster, and there may be illnesses and accidents”可知,他们必须在很危险的情况下有能力完成艰难的工作,故选D。
7. C boredom“厌烦”;patience“耐心”;courage“勇气”;doubt“怀疑”。根据空后的“to risk their own lives to save someone else's”可推知,冒着自己的生命危险去拯救他人的生命需要极大的爱与勇气,故选C。
8. B CISAR的成员总是随时准备前往任何需要帮助的地方。whenever“每当;无论何时”;wherever“在任何地方”;whatever“无论什么,不管什么”;whoever“无论谁;任何人”。根据语境可知选B。
9. A life-saving“挽救生命的”;breathtaking“激动人心的;惊人的”;eye-catching“引人注目的”;heartbreaking“令人心碎的”。句子主语为“Rescue workers”,故空后的“job”指的是救援的工作,A项符合语境。
10. C 根据上文中的“Rescue workers leave their homes and families”可知,此处赞扬中国国际救援队队员无私奉献的精神,C项“无私地”符合语境。carelessly“粗心地”;naturally“自然地”;totally“全部地”。
【拓展设问】
1. In 2003.
2. They should show kindness, courage and selflessness.(答案不唯一,合理即可)

【分析】
本文围绕中国国际救援队（CISAR）展开，介绍其成立背景、训练情况、救援任务及队员应具备的品质。解题时，需结合上下文语境、词汇词义辨析、固定搭配及细节定位逐一分析：1-10题需根据空格前后语义、搭配及常识判断选项；拓展设问需定位原文关键信息提取答案。
【解析】
1. 空格处需表达“给受灾者带去帮助和希望”，bring sth to sb为固定搭配，符合文意，故选D。
2. 由后文“救援队员需完成艰难工作”可知，培训是长期且周密的，careful（周密的）符合语境，故选A。
3. 救援队因勇敢和能力“获得”正面评价，receive（获得）符合搭配，故选B。
4. 结合前文“国际救援任务”，此处指完成大量救援任务，tasks（任务）符合，故选A。
5. 救援队员需“分发”食物、水等物资，hand out（分发）符合语境，故选B。
6. 由后文“无水电、存在疾病事故”可知，救援工作在危险环境中进行，dangerous（危险的）符合，故选D。
7. 冒生命危险救人需要爱与勇气，courage（勇气）符合文意，故选C。
8. 队员随时准备前往“任何”需要帮助的地方，wherever（无论哪里）符合逻辑，故选B。
9. 救援队员从事的是“挽救生命的”工作，life-saving（挽救生命的）符合，故选A。
10. 队员离开家人是“无私地”牺牲，selflessly（无私地）符合语境，故选C。
拓展设问1：根据第二段“the Chinese team went on its first international rescue task in 2003”，可知首次国际救援任务在2003年。
拓展设问2：从文中“bravery and abilities”“risk their own lives”“leave their homes and families”等内容，可总结出队员需具备勇敢、无私、善良等品质。
【答案】
1.D 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.C；拓展设问：1. In 2003. 2. They should have courage, kindness and selflessness (reasonable answers are acceptable).
【知识点】
完形填空、词义辨析、细节理解
【点评】
本文主题积极向上，围绕中国国际救援队展开，考查学生对词汇、语境的理解及细节定位能力，是典型的记叙文完形填空，有助于学生积累词汇并了解救援队的奉献精神。
【难度系数】
0.5

二、阅读理解 “白色死神”——雪崩
素养:语言能力 难度:中 用时:8分钟
跨学科·物理 Have you ever heard of an avalanche(雪崩)? The avalanche is a kind of sudden natural disaster like earthquakes. During an avalanche, a lot of snow and ice rush down the mountains. As they rush, the snow and ice move faster and faster. In fact, snow from an avalanche can move as fast as two hundred miles an hour. That is three times faster than a car on a highway!
Most avalanches happen after big storms. In the mountains like the Alps and the Himalayas, there is snow and ice all year round. After big storms, new snow puts more pressure(压力) on the snow that is already in the mountains. It can make the old snow rush down.
Avalanches are very dangerous. Heavy snow moving down the mountains may pull trees and rocks along. That can cause great damage, such as bringing down houses and causing deaths. Luckily, no one lives in the mountains where avalanches are easy to happen. So not many people die from avalanches each year.
Most people who may lose their lives in avalanches are ski(滑雪) lovers. It's important for them to stay safe while having fun in the snow mountains. Scientists can usually tell whether an avalanche might happen or not. If you are a ski lover, remember to pay attention to scientists' warnings before you go skiing.
1. Which word best describes an avalanche according to Paragraph 1?
A. Sudden. B. Fast.
C. Powerful. D. Dangerous.
2. What makes the old snow rush down the mountain?
A. The pressure. B. The mountain.
C. The rain. D. The ice.
3. What should ski lovers do before skiing according to the passage?
A. Live far away from the mountains with avalanches.
B. Learn about how to keep themselves safe.
C. Go and talk to scientists about avalanches.
D. Check whether there is an avalanche warning.
4. Why did the writer write the passage?
A. To warn people of the possible avalanches.
B. To teach people to stay away from avalanches.
C. To introduce the natural disaster avalanche.
D. To ask more people to ski in the mountains.
5. What can we infer about the writer's attitude towards avalanches?
A. Relaxed. B. Serious.
C. Uninterested. D. Excited.

【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了自然灾害雪崩。
1. B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In fact, snow from an avalanche can move as fast as two hundred miles an hour. That is three times faster than a car on a highway!”可知,雪崩时雪的速度可以达到每小时200英里,说明速度快,故选B。
2. A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“After big storms, new snow puts more pressure(压力) on the snow that is already in the mountains. It can make the old snow rush down”可知,压力使原来的雪冲下山,故选A。
3. D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“If you are a ski lover, remember to pay attention to scientists' warnings before you go skiing”可知,文章建议滑雪爱好者滑雪前注意科学家关于雪崩的警告,故选D。
4. C 写作意图题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了自然灾害雪崩,故C项符合文意。
5. B 推理判断题。
解题图式
线索1(第三段):“Avalanches are very dangerous”“cause great damage, such as bringing down houses and causing deaths”→雪崩非常危险,会造成房屋倒塌、人员伤亡等严重破坏。
线索2(最后一段):“pay attention to scientists' warnings”→作者提醒滑雪者(注意科学家的预警)。
推断:作者客观介绍雪崩的危险性,严肃提醒人们防范风险、注意安全,因此态度是严肃的,故选B。

【分析】
这是一篇介绍雪崩的跨学科英语阅读理解，共5道题，包含细节理解题、写作意图题、推理判断题三类。解题思路为：1. 通读全文，把握文章主旨（介绍雪崩这种自然灾害）；2. 针对每道题的题干关键词，定位原文对应段落；3. 提取定位处的关键信息，对比选项排除干扰项；4. 根据题型特点解题：细节题找原文直接信息，写作意图题结合全文内容，推理判断题结合线索合理推断。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据第一段中“In fact, snow from an avalanche can move as fast as two hundred miles an hour. That is three times faster than a car on a highway!”可知，雪崩时雪的速度极快，对应选项B。
2. 细节理解题：根据第二段中“After big storms, new snow puts more pressure on the snow that is already in the mountains. It can make the old snow rush down”可知，是压力导致旧雪冲下山，对应选项A。
3. 细节理解题：根据最后一段中“If you are a ski lover, remember to pay attention to scientists' warnings before you go skiing”可知，滑雪者滑雪前要注意雪崩预警，对应选项D。
4. 写作意图题：通读全文，文章主要介绍了雪崩这种自然灾害的相关信息，对应选项C。
5. 推理判断题：根据第三段“雪崩非常危险，会造成房屋倒塌、人员伤亡等严重破坏”和最后一段作者提醒滑雪者注意预警，可推断作者态度严肃，对应选项B。
【答案】
1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.B
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解题、推理判断题
【点评】
本文为跨学科自然类英语阅读，结合物理知识介绍雪崩，题型覆盖细节理解、写作意图、推理判断，考查学生提取信息、把握主旨、推断态度的能力，难度中等，能有效提升学生的英语阅读素养。
【难度系数】
0.5