Passage 14
There are four seasons in Beijing, the capital of China—short windy spring, long hot summer, pleasant cool autumn, and long chilly winter. The hottest month is July and the coldest is January. September and October with the pleasant and cool weather are thought to be the best time to visit this city.
Spring
To visit this city in spring(from early April to the end of May), you need to bring lightweight clothing: long-sleeved shirts or T-shirts, plus one or two jackets and sweaters. It is warm, windy and dry but the temperature changes sharply between the day and the night. Dress warmly when going out at night. Also, guard yourselves against sandstorms with sunglasses.
Summer
Summer(from early June to mid-September) is very hot with much rain. This calls for thin clothes as the temperature in July and August ranges between 30 ℃ and 40 ℃. Short and heavy rainstorms may come suddenly in the afternoon on sunny days.
Autumn
The short but beautiful autumn(from mid-September to the end of October) is travellers' favourite. Autumn in this city enjoys mild temperature and a lot of sunshine. Long-sleeved shirts and thin-coats are necessary for autumn. From late October the temperature comes down sharply, so warm clothing is a must.
Winter
This city has a cold, dry and long winter from early November to the next March. The chilly days never let up(缓和) though they are sunny. The average temperature in December, January, and February is below 0 ℃. Be sure to wear wool sweaters and thick coats in winter.
1. How long is spring in Beijing?

2. Which is the longest season in Beijing?

3. Why is autumn the best time to visit Beijing?

4. Which is your favourite season? Why? (Please give two reasons.)

1. About 2 months. 2. Winter. 3. Because autumn there enjoys mild temperature and lots of sunshine. 4. I like autumn best because it's not only beautiful, but also a time when people enjoy the fruit of their labour.

【分析】
这是一篇介绍北京四季特征的说明文阅读题，解题思路如下：1. 针对前3道细节题，先从题干提取核心关键词，回到原文对应段落定位信息，比对时间、描述内容直接推导答案：第一题提取关键词"spring"，定位Spring板块给出的时间区间计算时长；第二题提取关键词"longest season"，统计四个季节各自的时间跨度对比得出最长的季节；第三题提取关键词"autumn, best time to visit"，定位原文对秋季的优势描述提取对应原因；第4道是开放性表达题，选择任意自己喜欢的季节，给出两个符合常识的合理理由即可。
【解析】
1. 定位Spring部分原文标注的春季时间"spring(from early April to the end of May)"，从4月初到5月底，时长约为2个月，得到对应答案。
2. 分别统计四个季节的时长：春季约2个月，夏季从6月初到9月中旬约3.5个月，秋季从9月中旬到10月底约1.5个月，冬季从11月初到次年3月约5个月，对比可知冬季是北京最长的季节。
3. 定位Autumn部分原文"Autumn in this city enjoys mild temperature and a lot of sunshine"，直接提取对应的特征作为游览体验佳的原因即可。
4. 本题为开放性作答，选择任意季节给出两个逻辑通顺的合理理由都符合要求，参考示例给出的是符合普遍认知的作答版本。
【答案】
1. About 2 months.
2. Winter.
3. Because autumn there enjoys mild temperature and lots of sunshine.
4. I like autumn best because it's not only beautiful, but also a time when people enjoy the fruit of their labour.
【知识点】
说明文细节查找，季节相关表达，英语情景问答
【点评】
本题难度梯度友好，前3道都是基础细节定位题，能锻炼学生快速从文本中抓取关键信息的阅读能力，最后一道开放题跳出文本限制，引导学生结合生活常识输出完整的英语表达，兼顾考察信息提取能力和语言灵活运用能力。
【难度系数】
0.8

Passage 15
Students at Sanhe Township Primary School enjoy playing soccer. It is an important part of their school life. Every student at the school has a soccer lesson once a week. Students of all age groups play soccer matches every month.
The school is in the mountains and has poor teaching resources(资源). Most of its students are left-behind children(留守儿童), and very few of them can go to high school or university. To help students have a good future, ten years ago, Sun Xiaoming, the head teacher of the school, set up a girls' soccer team. He picked 20 girls from the fourth and fifth grades and offered them free training, clothing, and meals at school.
Primary school students are short and thin, so it's difficult for them to play basketball or volleyball. But soccer is different. It is cheap and easy to learn. Students can play it as a team in the playground, or practise it alone at home. For these reasons, soccer is the perfect choice for the students.
The students really love soccer. They keep practising every day. Many of them play it well. Some of them get into great middle or high schools. Some of them make it into soccer clubs and become professional players.
Soccer is not just a simple sport. More importantly, it means a chance to help those students get out of the mountains and live a better life.
1. How often do the students have a soccer lesson?

2. Where is Sanhe Township Primary School?

3. Why is it difficult for primary school students to play basketball or volleyball?

4. What do you think of Sun Xiaoming? Why do you think so? (Please give two reasons.)

1. Once a week./They have a soccer lesson once a week. 2. In the mountains. 3. Because they are short and thin. 4. He is a good teacher because he offered the players free training, clothing, and meals at school and a chance to get out of the mountains.

【分析】
这是一篇信息类阅读理解问答题，解题时优先采用题干关键词定位法：1. 先扫读每道题干的核心疑问词和关键词，带着目标回原文精准定位对应段落；2. 细节类题目直接从定位句提取匹配信息作答，不需要额外拓展；3. 最后一道开放类人物评价题，要从原文中找到支撑观点的两个事实依据，保证答案符合原文逻辑，不要凭空编造内容。
【解析】
1. 第一题询问足球课的频率，提取关键词"how often""soccer lesson"，定位到原文第一段第三句"Every student at the school has a soccer lesson once a week"，直接提取对应信息即可得到答案。
2. 第二题询问学校的位置，提取关键词"where""Sanhe Township Primary School"，定位到原文第二段第一句"The school is in the mountains and has poor teaching resources"，直接提取位置信息作答。
3. 第三题询问学生很难打篮球、排球的原因，提取关键词"difficult""basketball or volleyball"，定位到原文第三段第一句"Primary school students are short and thin, so it's difficult for them to play basketball or volleyball"，句中so前的内容就是对应原因，直接提取即可。
4. 第四题要求评价孙小明并给出两个理由，结合全文内容：他为了给学生更好的未来组建女子足球队，为队员提供免费的训练、衣物和在校餐食，还通过足球给了山里留守儿童走出大山、改变命运的机会，据此可以总结出他是负责任、有爱心的好校长，列出两个对应事实理由即可。
【答案】
1. Once a week./They have a soccer lesson once a week.
2. In the mountains.
3. Because they are short and thin.
4. He is a good teacher because he offered the players free training, clothing, and meals at school and a chance to get out of the mountains.
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位
文本信息提取
人物形象概括
【点评】
本题属于中小学英语基础阅读题型，前三道均为直白的细节查找题，只要能准确定位原文就能拿到分数，最后一道开放题既考察学生对全文内容的整体理解能力，也锻炼学生结合事实论据组织语言表达观点的能力，整体难度较低，作答时注意特殊疑问句的回答要和疑问词对应，避免出现语法错误即可。
【难度系数】
0.8