情境1 Tom分享了一个有趣的发明故事:像雨衣这样常用的物品,其实是源于一次工作中的小失误,这个偶然最终变成了实用的生活工具。
任务一 完形填空(10分)
[2025重庆九龙坡区质检]Many inventions were the results of accidents. Today we're going to learn about a 1 invention—the raincoat. Do you know 2 it was invented?
It has been more than two thousand years since we began to use an umbrella. However, people often felt it not convenient to hold an umbrella 3 doing something with hands. Then the raincoat was invented.
It is said that the raincoat was invented by Macintosh in 1823. Macintosh was a(n) 4 in an eraser factory in Scotland. One day, he poured the rubber liquid (橡胶液体) over his coat carelessly when making erasers. He was too 5 to clean it and went back home with the dirty coat. On the way home, it rained heavily. Macintosh didn't have an umbrella, so he had to run home 6. When he got home, he 7 the wet clothes. To his surprise, the area of the coat with rubber over it wasn't wet. "Why not make a rubber raincoat?" Macintosh told 8. The next day, he brushed the rubber liquid all over his coat. He wore the "rubber coat" on rainy days and took a walk outside to test if it could really keep 9 the rain. Surprisingly, the clothes inside the "rubber coat" were not wet at all. So the raincoat was invented in this way.
The rubber raincoats soon 10 in the market. Year after year, people tried to improve the raincoats. Today raincoats are widely used in our daily life.
()1. A. beautiful B. colourful
C. useful D. careful
()2. A. what B. how C. why D. where
()3. A. after B. until C. while D. before
()4. A. scientist B. worker
C. astronaut D. pilot
()5. A. clever B. relaxed
C. tall D. busy
()6. A. suddenly B. quietly
C. quickly D. slowly
()7. A. put off B. put on
C. took off D. picked up
()8. A. myself B. himself
C. herself D. yourself
()9. A. on B. with C. off D. in
()10. A. found B. produced
C. appeared D. made

1. C 根据上下文并结合选项可知，雨衣是一项有用的发明。
2. B 句意为：你知道它是怎么被发明的吗？根据后文可知此处表示方式。
3. C 句意为：然而，人们经常觉得用手做一些事时打伞不方便。根据 doing something with hands 可知此处指两个动作同时发生，while 符合语境。
4. B 根据后文"One day, he poured the rubber liquid over his coat carelessly when making erasers."可知麦金托什是一名工人。
5. D 句意为：他太忙了而不能清理它，便穿着脏外套回家了。clever 意为"聪明的"；relaxed 意为"放松的"；tall 意为"高的"；busy 意为"忙碌的"。根据语境可知，他太忙以至于没时间清理外套。
6. C 根据 Macintosh didn't have an umbrella 可知麦金托什没有带伞，所以他必须快速跑回家。
7. C put off 意为"推迟"；put on 意为"穿上"；take off 意为"脱下"；pick up 意为"捡起"。根据语境可知，他到家后脱下了湿衣服。
8. B 根据语境可知麦金托什在自言自语，结合上下文的 he 可知此处应用 himself。
9. C 根据后文"Surprisingly, the clothes inside the 'rubber coat' were not wet at all."可知，他在下雨天穿着"橡胶外套"并在外面散步是为了测试它是否真的可以挡雨。keep off 意为"使……不接近"。
10. C 句意为：橡胶雨衣很快出现在市场上。find 意为"找到"；produce 意为"生产"；appear 意为"出现"；make 意为"制作"。根据语境可知，橡胶雨衣很快出现在市场上。

[2026 辽宁本溪期中] Nine years ago, Heman Bekele received a gift—a chemistry set. He used it to make “potions (药水)”. At that time, only his parents knew his work. Now, at the age of 16, there are a lot more people watching his work.
In October 2023, 3M and Discovery Education named Heman as the winner of their Young Scientist Challenge with a prize of $25,000 because he invented a soap that couldone day be used to treat some kinds of skin cancer (皮肤癌).Heman was born in Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia, in Africa. He moved to the US with his family at 4. He remembers seeing people in Africa working in the hot sun without any protection for their skin, and that can be the main cause of skin cancer.Skin cancer treatments usually cost about $40,000. Heman wondered if there was a cheaper way. He thought of adding a skin cancer medicine to soap.
“What is something that everyone is able to buy?” Heman thought to himself. “Everyone uses soap and water for cleaning. Therefore, soap would probably be the best choice.”
It could take years before the soap is ready to be sold. But Heman, the 10th grader at Woodson High School, is determined. Over the summer, he spent every weekday in a lab. When he goes back to school this fall, he’ll be in the lab less often. But he’ll keep working hard to make his dream come true.
Heman encourages all kids to dream big. “Just keep inventing things,” he says. “Keep thinking of new ways to improve our world.”
( )11. When did Heman get the chemistry set?
A. In 2026.
B. About 6 years ago.
C. When he was in the 10th grade.
D. At the age of 7.
( )12. According to the text, what’s the main reason for skin cancer in Africa?
A. The sunlight in Africa is too strong.
B. Africans are more likely to get ill.
C. Africans don’t protect their skin in the hot sun.
D. Africans use soap for cleaning.
( )13. Why did Heman choose soap to treat skin cancer?
A. Because it’s cheap and easy to use.
B. Because his parents like using soap.
C. Because there are many soap companies in Africa.
D. Because he can only find soap in the lab.
( )14. 新考法写作意图 What’s the main purpose of the text?
A. To explain why many Africans get skin cancer.
B. To show how Heman’s parents support him in making the soap.
C. To explain why Heman’s soap is better than other products.
D. To introduce Heman and his invention.

阅读理解 A·语篇导读 本文主要讲述了希曼·贝克莱发明可治疗皮肤癌的肥皂的故事。
11. D 细节理解题。根据"Nine years ago, Heman Bekele received a gift—a chemistry set."及后文"Now, at the age of 16..."可知，希曼现在 16 岁，9 年前他收到了化学实验套装，也就是7岁时。
12. C 细节理解题。根据"He remembers seeing people in Africa working in the hot sun without any protection for their skin, and that can be the main cause of skin cancer."可知，非洲人因在烈日下无防护地工作而患皮肤癌。
13. A 细节理解题。根据"Heman wondered if there was a cheaper way."及"Everyone uses soap and water for cleaning. Therefore, soap would probably be the best choice."可知，希曼选择肥皂治疗皮肤癌是因为它便宜且易于使用。
14. D 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了希曼·贝克莱及其发明的可治疗皮肤癌的肥皂，所以写作目的是介绍他和他的发明。