Ⅳ. Choose phrases from the box and complete the passage in proper forms.
get tied in, on average, plastic harm, get free of, setback, break down, go plastic-free
I made up my mind to 1. to reduce terrible ocean plastic pollution.
2. , ordinary people throw away tons of plastic rubbish every single year.
Last summer, I saw a poor seal (海豹) that 3. thin plastic packing strips, struggling for long hours 4. abandoned fishing nets.
I met plenty of unexpected 5. ______ at the very beginning. Most plastic waste won't 6. ______ for hundreds of years, which deeply shocked me and almost made me give up. But the sight of that helpless sea creature kept pushing me forward. Now I always bring cloth bags and bamboo tableware when going out. Every small eco-friendly choice counts. If more people refuse disposable(一次性的) plastic, sea animals can live safely away from 7. ______ .

1. go plastic-free 2. On average 3. got tied in 4. to get free of
5. setbacks 6. break down 7. plastic harm

【分析】
本题为语篇选词填空题，解题思路如下：①先明确方框内各短语的含义与用法；②通读全文，把握文章“减少海洋塑料污染、践行环保”的主旨；③结合每个空格的前后语境、语法要求（如时态、词性、单复数、首字母大写等），逐一匹配并调整短语形式，完成填空。
【解析】
1. 句意：我下定决心践行无塑料生活来减少海洋塑料污染。“go plastic-free”意为“践行无塑料生活”，符合语境，make up one's mind to do sth后接动词原形，故填go plastic-free。
2. 句意：平均来看，普通人每年扔掉成吨塑料垃圾。“on average”意为“平均来看”，置于句首需首字母大写，故填On average。
3. 句意：我看到一只被薄塑料包装带缠住的海豹，挣扎了很久。“get tied in”意为“被缠住”，根据saw可知用一般过去时，故填got tied in。
4. 句意：……挣扎着要摆脱废弃渔网。此处表目的，“get free of”意为“摆脱”，用不定式作目的状语，故填to get free of。
5. 句意：一开始我遇到很多意想不到的挫折。“setback”意为“挫折”，plenty of后接可数名词复数，故填setbacks。
6. 句意：大多数塑料垃圾数百年才会分解。“break down”意为“分解”，won't后接动词原形，故填break down。
7. 句意：海洋动物能安全生活，远离塑料危害。“plastic harm”意为“塑料危害”，符合语境，故填plastic harm。
【答案】
1. go plastic-free 2. On average 3. got tied in 4. to get free of 5. setbacks 6. break down 7. plastic harm
【知识点】
短语辨析、选词填空、语篇理解
【点评】
本题围绕环保主题，考查常用短语在语篇中的灵活运用，需结合语境和语法规则调整短语形式，是初中英语常见基础题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5

Ⅴ. Choose the best answers to complete the passage below.
Plastic waste is an increasingly serious problem. Up to now, only 9% of the plastics ever produced have been recycled. The rest remain on earth for hundreds of years. They are washed out into the ocean to become rubbish, harm wildlife and break down into small plastics that can enter our bodies.
Recently, scientists have developed a new method to break down plastic waste with the help of water in the air. The researchers mixed a special metal and activated carbon(活性炭) with PET, the most common type of polyester(聚酯纤维) plastic. Then they heated the composite. After a short time, this broke the
chemical connections in the polyester. Next, when the team left the material in the air, the mixture turned into TPA, a polyester material, and acetaldehyde(乙醛), an industrial chemical. Finally, these valuable chemical materials were recycled.
After the first success, researchers tested the method on different plastics and found it worked on polyester plastic only. That meant they didn't need to separate different kinds of plastics. Also, when they added water, it stopped working because the amount(量) of water in the air was just right.
The team's next plan will be to use the method widely in industry.
"It's hopeful that our technology can hugely reduce plastic pollution, lower the environmental footprint of plastics and help materials be reused instead of being thrown away," researchers said. "It's a large change towards a cleaner, greener future, and it shows how creative chemistry can solve world challenges in a way that joins hands with nature."
()1. What harm of plastics is mentioned in Paragraph 1?
A. Polluting the sea.
B. Warming the air.
C. Reducing wetland.
D. Causing wildfires.
()2. How did the team do the research?
①Heat the mixture.
②Leave the mixture in the air.
③Recycle the chemical materials.
④Mix a special metal and activated carbon with PET.
A. ④—②—①—③
B. ④—②—③—①
C. ④—①—②—③
D. ④—①—③—②
()3. What does the underlined word"composite"mean in Paragraph 2?
A. A kind of drink.
B. Dirty waste that cannot be used.
C. A piece of hard metal.
D. A mixture of different materials.
()4. What do the researchers think of their technology?
A. It will improve people's creativity.
B. It will help with a green environment.
C. It will prevent people from using plastics.
D. It will stop the present pollution problems.
()5. Which can be the best title for the passage?
A. Recycle Metals from Plastic Waste.
B. Put Plastics into Wider Farming Use.
C. Recycle Plastics for a Cleaner Future.
D. Improve Plastic Production.

1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.C

【分析】
1. 第1题是细节理解题，需根据题干关键词定位第一段，提取塑料危害的相关信息匹配选项；第2题是细节排序题，需定位第二段梳理研究步骤的先后顺序；第3题是词义猜测题，需结合前文提到的混合操作推断词义；第4题是细节理解题，需定位最后一段提取研究人员对技术的看法；第5题是主旨大意题，需通读全文抓住核心内容匹配标题。
【解析】
1. 定位第一段，原文提到塑料被冲入海洋成为垃圾，对应选项A（Polluting the sea），其余选项未提及，故选A。
2. 定位第二段研究步骤：先混合特殊金属、活性炭与PET（④）→加热复合物（①）→置于空气中（②）→回收化学材料（③），顺序为④①②③，对应选项C，故选C。
3. 前文提到将特殊金属、活性炭与PET混合，故“composite”指不同材料的混合物，选项D符合，其余选项不符，故选D。
4. 定位最后一段，研究人员称该技术有助于清洁、绿色未来，对应选项B，其余选项未提及，故选B。
5. 全文围绕用新技术回收塑料以创造清洁未来展开，选项C符合，其余选项不符，故选C。
【答案】
1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.C
【知识点】
英语阅读理解（细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意）
【点评】
本题为科技类英语阅读理解，考查学生的细节定位、词义猜测及主旨归纳能力，题型常规，需学生准确提取原文信息完成作答。
【难度系数】
0.6