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Ⅰ. 动物趣闻 班会开始前,老师播放了关于动物的纪录片,同学们从中感受到了自然界的生存智慧和脆弱,开始走进野生动物的世界。
It is like a scene from a horror film: A spider web is several metres wide, which is home to thousands of spiders. And that was what Jason G. Goldman, an animal behaviour researcher, found along a muddy path in the Peruvian Amazon jungle—the web arched from tree to tree, a structure containing too many spiders to count. They appeared to act as a society, just like ants or bees.
Anelosimus eximius, the species Goldman met in the rainforest, is not the only kind of social spiders in the world, but it does construct the biggest webs. Some can reach more than 7.6 m long and 1.5 m wide. A web of that size could contain as many as 50,000 individual spiders.
An Anelosimus eximius colony(群体) contains adult males and females as well as youngsters, but the majority of spiders on the web are females. Males account for only between 5% and 22% of any colony's population. Social spiders work together to build, maintain and clean their webs. They work together to catch prey, and dine together when they trap a large feast. The females work together to care for the young in the colony. They feed their youngsters by vomiting(吐出) up food for them, just like mother birds.
Why did these spiders become social? Researchers have discovered three ecological elements that often lead to cooperative(合作的) living among spiders.
Social spiders tend to feed on bigger prey, for one thing. Spiders living in places where it is difficult to hunt large or more profitable prey alone may eventually figure out that it is in their interest to work together.
1. 新考法 图示理解 Which of the following correctly shows the parts of an Anelosimus eximius colony?
A.
B. C. D.
2. The following paragraph would discuss
A. new threats to spiders' colonies
B. new research on spiders' colonies
C. more reasons for spiders' cooperative living
D. more species of social spiders in the world
It is like a scene from a horror film: A spider web is several metres wide, which is home to thousands of spiders. And that was what Jason G. Goldman, an animal behaviour researcher, found along a muddy path in the Peruvian Amazon jungle—the web arched from tree to tree, a structure containing too many spiders to count. They appeared to act as a society, just like ants or bees.
Anelosimus eximius, the species Goldman met in the rainforest, is not the only kind of social spiders in the world, but it does construct the biggest webs. Some can reach more than 7.6 m long and 1.5 m wide. A web of that size could contain as many as 50,000 individual spiders.
An Anelosimus eximius colony(群体) contains adult males and females as well as youngsters, but the majority of spiders on the web are females. Males account for only between 5% and 22% of any colony's population. Social spiders work together to build, maintain and clean their webs. They work together to catch prey, and dine together when they trap a large feast. The females work together to care for the young in the colony. They feed their youngsters by vomiting(吐出) up food for them, just like mother birds.
Why did these spiders become social? Researchers have discovered three ecological elements that often lead to cooperative(合作的) living among spiders.
Social spiders tend to feed on bigger prey, for one thing. Spiders living in places where it is difficult to hunt large or more profitable prey alone may eventually figure out that it is in their interest to work together.
1. 新考法 图示理解 Which of the following correctly shows the parts of an Anelosimus eximius colony?
A.
B. C. D.2. The following paragraph would discuss
C
.A. new threats to spiders' colonies
B. new research on spiders' colonies
C. more reasons for spiders' cooperative living
D. more species of social spiders in the world
答案
1.A 2.C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员对群居蜘蛛的研究发现。
1. A 解析:图示理解题。根据“An Anelosimus eximius colony contains adult males and females as well as youngsters, but the majority of spiders on the web are females. Males account for only between 5% and 22% of any colony's population.”可知,在 Anelosimus eximius 这种蜘蛛群体中,大多数是雌蛛,雄蛛只占 5%到 22%。故选 A。
2. C 解析:推理判断题。倒数第二段提出问题:为什么这些蜘蛛会有群居性?研究人员发现有三个生态因素,最后一段介绍了第一个原因。由此可推知,文章接下来会介绍另外两点。故选 C。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员对群居蜘蛛的研究发现。
1. A 解析:图示理解题。根据“An Anelosimus eximius colony contains adult males and females as well as youngsters, but the majority of spiders on the web are females. Males account for only between 5% and 22% of any colony's population.”可知,在 Anelosimus eximius 这种蜘蛛群体中,大多数是雌蛛,雄蛛只占 5%到 22%。故选 A。
2. C 解析:推理判断题。倒数第二段提出问题:为什么这些蜘蛛会有群居性?研究人员发现有三个生态因素,最后一段介绍了第一个原因。由此可推知,文章接下来会介绍另外两点。故选 C。
解析
【分析】
第1题需根据原文对Anelosimus eximius蜘蛛群体构成的描述，对比四个饼图的各部分占比，选出符合“雌蛛占绝大多数、雄蛛占比小”的选项；第2题需结合文章结构，根据前文提到的“三个生态因素导致群居”及已介绍的第一个原因，推断后续段落的讨论内容。
【解析】
1. 图示理解题：根据原文“An Anelosimus eximius colony contains adult males and females as well as youngsters, but the majority of spiders on the web are females. Males account for only between 5% and 22% of any colony's population.”可知，该蜘蛛群体中雌蛛占绝大多数，雄蛛占比很小，还有年轻个体。观察选项：A选项中Females占比最大，Males占比小，符合描述；B选项Males占比最大，不符合；C选项Youngsters占比最大，不符合；D选项Females和Males占比接近，不符合。故选A。
2. 推理判断题：文章倒数第二段提出“为什么这些蜘蛛会有群居性？研究人员发现有三个生态因素导致合作生活”，最后一段介绍了第一个因素，因此接下来的段落会继续介绍另外的原因，对应选项C。A选项“新威胁”、B选项“新研究”、D选项“更多物种”均不符合逻辑。故选C。
【答案】
1.A 2.C
【知识点】
阅读理解、图示理解、推理判断
【点评】
本题考查英语阅读理解的核心题型，要求学生既能准确提取原文细节信息，又能结合文章结构进行逻辑推理，需仔细分析原文与选项的匹配关系，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
第1题需根据原文对Anelosimus eximius蜘蛛群体构成的描述，对比四个饼图的各部分占比，选出符合“雌蛛占绝大多数、雄蛛占比小”的选项；第2题需结合文章结构，根据前文提到的“三个生态因素导致群居”及已介绍的第一个原因，推断后续段落的讨论内容。
【解析】
1. 图示理解题：根据原文“An Anelosimus eximius colony contains adult males and females as well as youngsters, but the majority of spiders on the web are females. Males account for only between 5% and 22% of any colony's population.”可知，该蜘蛛群体中雌蛛占绝大多数，雄蛛占比很小，还有年轻个体。观察选项：A选项中Females占比最大，Males占比小，符合描述；B选项Males占比最大，不符合；C选项Youngsters占比最大，不符合；D选项Females和Males占比接近，不符合。故选A。
2. 推理判断题：文章倒数第二段提出“为什么这些蜘蛛会有群居性？研究人员发现有三个生态因素导致合作生活”，最后一段介绍了第一个因素，因此接下来的段落会继续介绍另外的原因，对应选项C。A选项“新威胁”、B选项“新研究”、D选项“更多物种”均不符合逻辑。故选C。
【答案】
1.A 2.C
【知识点】
阅读理解、图示理解、推理判断
【点评】
本题考查英语阅读理解的核心题型，要求学生既能准确提取原文细节信息，又能结合文章结构进行逻辑推理，需仔细分析原文与选项的匹配关系，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
