Ⅴ. 根据上下文意思，从方框中选出恰当的单词并用其适当形式补全短文。
beyond mission telescope rover
work launch weight move
asleep tie
Our country has made great progress in space exploration. We have 1. many great space programmes.
The Chang'e 2. to the moon, the Zhurong 3. on Mars, and the Tiangong Space Station are all amazing achievements. The Xuntian 4. helps scientists see far 5. our Earth.
When our astronauts travel to space, they feel 6. . They can see the slow 7. of stars. It is hard to maintain their normal daily life there. They even need to 8. themselves to bed, or they can hardly fall 9. .
Scientists also try their best to keep all the space equipment 10. well. We believe more exciting space stories will come in the future.

1. launched
2. missions
3. rover
4. telescope
5. beyond
6. weightless
7. movement
8. tie
9. asleep
10. working

【分析】
本题为选词填空题，解题思路如下：1. 先明确方框内10个单词的词义与词性：beyond（介词，超过）、mission（名词，任务）、telescope（名词，望远镜）、rover（名词，漫游车）、work（动词/名词，工作）、launch（动词，发射）、weight（名词，重量）、move（动词，移动）、asleep（形容词，睡着的）、tie（动词/名词，系）；2. 逐句分析上下文语境，结合句子的语法结构（时态、词性、固定搭配等），选择恰当的单词并进行适当形式变化，完成短文补全。
【解析】
1. 句意为“我们已经发射了很多太空项目”，此处为现在完成时（have+过去分词），故填launch的过去分词launched；
2. 句意为“嫦娥任务、祝融号火星车、天宫空间站都是惊人成就”，此处指多个任务，用名词复数，故填missions；
3. Zhurong（祝融号）是火星漫游车，故填rover；
4. Xuntian（巡天）是太空望远镜，故填telescope；
5. 固定搭配far beyond意为“远超出”，符合“看得远超出地球”的语境，故填beyond；
6. 句意为“宇航员在太空时感觉失重”，此处需形容词，weight的形容词形式weightless（失重的），故填weightless；
7. 句意为“他们能看到星星的缓慢移动”，此处需名词，move的名词形式movement（移动），故填movement；
8. 固定搭配need to do sth.（需要做某事），此处用动词原形，tie oneself to...意为“把自己系在……上”，故填tie；
9. 固定搭配fall asleep意为“入睡”，符合语境，故填asleep；
10. 固定搭配keep sth. doing sth.（使某物保持做某事的状态），此处用work的现在分词working，故填working。
【答案】
1. launched
2. missions
3. rover
4. telescope
5. beyond
6. weightless
7. movement
8. tie
9. asleep
10. working
【知识点】
词汇运用（选词填空）、词性转换、固定搭配
【点评】
本题考查词汇在具体语境中的运用，要求学生掌握方框内单词的词义、词性及形式变化，结合上下文和语法规则解题，是初中英语常见题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5

Ⅵ. 阅读短文，选择最佳选项。
China's Tiangong Space Station can help scientists study space. It is also a place for astronauts to live and work. How much do you know about the lives of astronauts working in the space station?
For astronauts in space, exercise is important. The environment is very different in space. Doing sport helps astronauts stay healthy. How do they exercise? There are good exercise machines in the space station. They make it easy for astronauts to keep healthy.
There is no gravity（重力）, so astronauts can't take showers like we do on Earth. Is there a bathroom in the space station? How do they keep themselves clean? Don't worry! Tiangong has a special
bathroom. Astronauts can clean themselves with a wet towel.
What do astronauts eat in the space station? There is bread and porridge for breakfast. There are also delicious Chinese dishes, like gongbao chicken, fried rice and fried noodles. There is a special "fridge" to store food. The food stays cool in it.
What if astronauts miss their family? There is special communication equipment in the space station. The astronauts often wear a headset which has private（私人的） "sky-to-earth" calls with their family. It helps them talk with each other, and makes it easy for them to talk to Earth from any place.
1. How do astronauts keep healthy in space? （）
A. By keeping a good feeling.
B. By walking around in space.
C. By cooking healthy food themselves.
D. By doing sport in the space station.
2. We can infer that according to the text. （）
A. astronauts can take a shower like we do
B. astronauts can eat delicious Chinese dishes
C. astronauts can clean themselves with a dry towel
D. astronauts can use their own phone to call their family
3. What does the underlined word "It" refer to? （）
A. A headset.
B. A machine.
C. A special fridge.
D. A private call.
4. What is the text mainly about? （）
A. Is it difficult to live in space?
B. What are astronauts' jobs in space?
C. What is the life like in the space station?
D. How do astronauts take exercise in space?

1－4 DBAC

【分析】
解答此类阅读理解题，需先通读全文把握主旨，再针对每个小题的题型（细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测、主旨大意），带着问题回原文定位对应内容，逐一比对选项排除错误答案，选出最佳选项。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段“Doing sport helps astronauts stay healthy. There are good exercise machines in the space station.”可知，宇航员通过在空间站做运动保持健康，对应选项D。
2. 推理判断题：A选项与原文第三段“There is no gravity, so astronauts can't take showers like we do on Earth”不符；B选项与原文第四段“There are also delicious Chinese dishes, like gongbao chicken...”相符；C选项与原文第三段“Astronauts can clean themselves with a wet towel”不符；D选项与原文第五段“The astronauts often wear a headset which has private 'sky-to-earth' calls”不符，故答案为B。
3. 词义猜测题：划线词“It”指代前文提到的“headset（耳机）”，因为前文说宇航员戴耳机进行私人天地通话，“It”指代该耳机帮助他们通话，对应选项A。
4. 主旨大意题：全文围绕中国天宫空间站里宇航员的生活展开，包括锻炼、清洁、饮食、与家人联系等方面，对应选项C。
【答案】
1－4 DBAC
【知识点】
阅读理解、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】
本题为说明文阅读理解，话题贴近中国航天热点，题型涵盖初中英语核心阅读题型，侧重考查学生快速定位原文信息、理解细节及主旨的能力，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6