一、请为与后缀-ly相关的三类变化各举三个例子

（例：bad→badly）
1. 形容词变副词
2. 名词变形容词
3. 形容词变形容词

1. happy → happily; sad → sadly; noisy → noisily
2. day → daily; week → weekly; month → monthly
3. kind → kindly; like → likely; dead → deadly

【分析】本题要求列举与后缀-ly相关的三类变化各三个例子，需明确每类变化的词性转换规则：第一类是形容词变副词，通常在形容词后加-ly构成副词；第二类是名词变形容词，在名词后加-ly构成形容词；第三类是形容词变形容词，加-ly后词性仍为形容词但词义有变化。解题时需回忆常见的带-ly后缀的单词，选取典型例子即可。
【解析】1. 形容词变副词：一般在形容词词尾加-ly，例如happy→happily、sad→sadly、noisy→noisily；2. 名词变形容词：在名词词尾加-ly，例如day→daily、week→weekly、month→monthly；3. 形容词变形容词：加-ly后词性不变，词义发生变化，例如kind→kindly、like→likely、dead→deadly。
【答案】1. happy → happily; sad → sadly; noisy → noisily
2. day → daily; week → weekly; month → monthly
3. kind → kindly; like → likely; dead → deadly
【知识点】形容词变副词、名词变形容词、后缀-ly构词法
【点评】本题考查后缀-ly的构词用法，是英语基础词汇知识的常见题型，例子均为常见词汇，难度适中，需学生掌握不同词性加-ly的变化规则。
【难度系数】0.6

二、请为加后缀-ly的三种情况各举三个例子

1. polite → politely; final → finally; careful → carefully
2. terrible → terribly; simple → simply; possible → possibly
3. easy → easily; healthy → healthily; lucky → luckily

【分析】首先明确形容词变副词加-ly的三种常见规则：1. 一般情况下直接在形容词后加-ly；2. 以不发音的e结尾的形容词，去e加-ly；3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词，变y为i加-ly。再根据每种规则选取对应的形容词举例即可。
【解析】根据形容词变副词加-ly的三种规则：1. 一般情况直接加-ly：polite→politely，final→finally，careful→carefully；2. 以不发音的e结尾去e加-ly：terrible→terribly，simple→simply，possible→possibly；3. 以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i加-ly：easy→easily，healthy→healthily，lucky→luckily。
【答案】1. polite → politely; final → finally; careful → carefully
2. terrible → terribly; simple → simply; possible → possibly
3. easy → easily; healthy → healthily; lucky → luckily
【知识点】形容词变副词（后缀-ly）
【点评】本题考查形容词变副词加-ly的基础语法规则，是英语学习中常见的考点，需掌握不同情况下的变化规律。
【难度系数】0.8

三、用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空
Protect the coral reef
A coral reef is like a magical underwater city. It is full of colourful fish, strange sea plants and amazing coral.
In this beautiful place, small fish swim $^{(1)}$ (quick) among the coral, looking for food. Big sea turtles move $^{(2)}$ (slow), as if they were taking a peaceful walk. Crabs crawl (爬行) $^{(3)}$ (careful) in the sand, trying not to be noticed. Some small shrimps (虾) work $^{(4)}$ (real) hard to clean the coral reef.
However, humans are making trouble. Some boats make loud noises when passing by coral reefs. That is not $^{(5)}$ (friend) to the sea animals. We also fish too much and pollute the sea. These human activities are hurting coral reefs, and many sea animals are losing their homes.
We need to act now. Let’s stop polluting and protect coral reefs. Only in this way can we keep this type of amazing ecosystem alive.

1. quickly 2. slowly 3. carefully 4. really 5. friendly

【分析】
本题考查单词的正确形式填空，需根据句子结构判断所需词性：1-4空均修饰动词，需使用括号内单词的副词形式；5空位于be动词后，需用形容词，结合固定搭配判断。
【解析】
1. 空(1)：修饰动词swim，需用副词，quick的副词形式为quickly；
2. 空(2)：修饰动词move，需用副词，slow的副词形式为slowly；
3. 空(3)：修饰动词crawl，需用副词，careful的副词形式为carefully；
4. 空(4)：修饰副词hard，需用副词，real的副词形式为really；
5. 空(5)：be动词后需接形容词，结合固定搭配be friendly to（对……友好），故填friendly。
【答案】
1. quickly 2. slowly 3. carefully 4. really 5. friendly
【知识点】
副词的用法、形容词的用法、固定搭配
【点评】
本题为基础词性转换题，重点考查副词修饰动词、形容词在be动词后的用法及固定搭配，难度较低，适合初中低年级学生巩固基础。
【难度系数】
0.8

一、阅读短文，回答问题
The sea water has turned red by the beaches of Sydney. The beaches are closed and swimmers are afraid to go swimming in the sea. Moreover, the water looks bright in the
dark. This is called a “red tide (赤潮)”. It is only a natural phenomenon (现象) and has nothing to do with the end of the world. The red colour usually comes from microscopic algae (显微藻类) that grow quickly in the water. The reason why the water has turned red is that the temperature in the water is just right to make these algae grow.
Some of the red tides can smell bad and let off gases (气体) that can hurt the skin. That makes people uncomfortable. Some can even be harmful to fish because there will be little oxygen in the water.
Are these tides always red? No. Some tides have no colour, while others are pink or green. Different colours depend on different kinds of algae causing the tides.
1. What causes the sea water to turn red?

2. Why can red tides be harmful to fish?

3. What colours can red tides be?

4. How can understanding red tides help us protect the environment?

1. Algae that grow quickly in the water when the temperature is right.
2. Because there will be little oxygen in the water.
3. Red tides can be red, pink or green, or even have no colour.
4. By learning about red tides, we can find ways to keep our oceans clean and safe for both people and marine life.（答案合理即可）

【分析】
做这类英语阅读理解题，需先通读全文把握赤潮的相关信息，再针对每个问题的关键词回原文定位对应内容：1. 第一题问海水变红的原因，需找原文中关于赤潮变红的描述；2. 第二题问对鱼有害的原因，定位第二段相关语句；3. 第三题问赤潮的颜色，定位第三段内容；4. 第四题是开放题，结合赤潮与环境的关联，合理阐述理解赤潮对环保的帮助。
【解析】
1. 从原文第一段可知，海水变红是因为温度适宜时快速生长的显微藻类导致，即温度合适时水中快速生长的藻类使海水变红；
2. 原文第二段明确提到，部分赤潮对鱼类有害是因为水中氧气含量极少；
3. 原文第三段指出，赤潮不一定是红色，还可能无色、粉色或绿色；
4. 赤潮与海洋环境相关，理解赤潮能帮助我们关注海洋生态，采取措施保持海洋清洁，保护人类和海洋生物的安全。
【答案】
1. Algae that grow quickly in the water when the temperature is right.
2. Because there will be little oxygen in the water.
3. Red tides can be red, pink or green, or even have no colour.
4. By learning about red tides, we can find ways to keep our oceans clean and safe for both people and marine life.（答案合理即可）
【知识点】
英语阅读理解，细节信息查找，开放型问题作答
【点评】
本题围绕赤潮这一自然现象设置问题，考查学生的英语阅读能力，包括细节定位和开放拓展能力，整体难度适中，需学生仔细梳理原文信息，最后一题需结合赤潮的成因合理拓展。
【难度系数】
0.6