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二、阅读理解
阅读下面的材料，从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
A社会热点——治疗猫咪
Every day Juanita Mengel, a 67-year-old woman from the state of Ohio, wakes up and puts on her prosthesis(假肢). Then, Mengel does the same for Lola-Pearl, her colourful five-year-old cat. Lola-Pearl is missing her back left leg.
Mengel has many cats. Most of them have disabilities. But Lola-Pearl is special. She is a therapy(治疗) cat. And, she and Mengel are partners of a kind. They are among 200 therapy cat teams registered(注册) in the United States by the nonprofit group, Pet Partners.
The group helps humans and pets alike by setting them up into teams to provide animal-aided intervention(干预). The teams visit hospitals, nursing homes and schools and help those in need.
Chastain Griffin is a researcher who studies the effects of therapy cats. She said there needs to be more research done in cat therapy. She said that there is a lot of research on other therapy animals like dogs, and many people are surprised to learn that cats can be therapy animals too.
Besides dogs and cats, Pet Partners registers some other species as therapy animals, including horses, rabbits, rats, birds and alpacas(羊驼).
“She was so good with people and I just knew she would be a good therapy cat. People really were drawn to her, too,” Mengel said.
(
A. Her colourful and cute look.
B. Her missing back left leg.
C. Her ability to offer treatment.
D. Her partner from the state of Ohio.
(
A. A nurse.
B. A cat keeper.
C. A patient.
D. A teacher.
(
A. Supportive.
B. Opposed.
C. Doubtful.
D. Worried.
B人物风采——图书馆之光
Growing up, Mychal Threets fell in love with reading at Fairfield Civic Centre Library(FCCL) in California. Now, at age 33, he is the supervising(监督) librarian of FCCL and has drawn a following of more than 650,000 people who enjoy watching the videos he posts about libraries on social media.
Threets was mostly homeschooled by his mother. They spent hours at FCCL and it became a home to him, he said. But he didn't see many people who looked like him staying there and didn't consider becoming a librarian until age 23, when he worked in a different Fairfield library. "That's when my librarian journey began," he said. Threets took librarian education courses and worked his way up to the position he now holds.
About two years ago, he began what he calls his "library joy" on the social media. He posts videos about being a librarian as well as how to use a library card, book recommendations(推荐), and stories about children who have discovered their love of reading at the library.
Although the attention he receives for his posts can feel overwhelming(令人不知所措的) at times, Threets is mostly encouraged that he has been accomplishing(实现) his goal. "I should remind people how cool libraries are and how much library workers care about their communities," he said.
(
A. Threets has read 650,000 books.
B. Threets began to read at age 33.
C. Threets became a librarian two years ago.
D. Threets loved reading little by little.
(
A. When Threets worked as a librarian.
B. How Threets became a librarian.
C. Where Threets got education courses.
D. Why Threets fell in love with reading.
(
A. He will make more good friends.
B. He will find a different job.
C. He will post more valuable videos.
D. He will work for more libraries.
(
A. Finding Jobs in the Library
B. Helping People Love Libraries
C. Reading More Library Books
D. Building More Libraries for People
C阅读新考向——棉花糖测试
If you ask people to name a famous psychology study, the “marshmallow(棉花糖) test” would be the answer. In this task, young children are told they can immediately get a small reward(奖励) or wait to get a bigger reward. Researchers have shown that the ability to wait has something to do with some positive life outcomes.
“The classic marshmallow test has shaped the way researchers think about the development of self-control, which is an important skill,” said Gail Heyman, lead author of the study. “In addition to measuring self-control, the task may also be measuring another important skill: awareness(意识) of what other people value.”
Children were asked to stay in one of three conditions: a “teacher” condition, in which they were told that their teacher would find out how long they waited; or a “peer” condition, in which they were told that a classmate would find out how long they waited; or a “standard” condition that had no special signs.
Children waited longer in the teacher and peer conditions than in the standard condition, and they waited about twice as long in the teacher condition as compared to the peer condition.
The researchers said that when children decide how long to wait, they think about the benefits and costs, including getting a social reward like a better reputation(名声). The research shows that the desire to impress others is strong and can motivate human behaviour when people are at a very young age.
(
A. It’s about how children deal with rewards.
B. It’s about the development of children’s taste.
C. It’s about the importance of marshmallows.
D. It’s about the effect of rewards on adults.
(
A. By explaining the task to the children.
B. By asking the children to choose a reward.
C. By dividing the children into different groups.
D. By ordering the children to watch the time.
(
(
A. The Importance of Waiting
B. The Classic Marshmallow Test
C. Children’s Behaviour in Psychology Tests
D. The Development of Self-Control in Children
D人与社会 一盲盒美食
Discounted(打折的) blind food boxes, a rising trend(趋势) in China, have caught the interest of many Gen-Zers(指在1995—2009年之间出生的人) in the country, as this new choice gives them chances to enjoy food at a low price. At the same time, it can help reduce food waste.
People don’t know what food will be inside if they don’t open the box, which makes the blind box exciting and meets their curiosity(好奇心).
“I bought a blind box from a bread shop. Priced at 15.9 yuan, it has three kinds of bread inside,” said a 23-year-old buyer, Miss Li. She said the bread in the blind box tastes pretty much the same as the one without discount and the main difference is that the box offers only fewer choices of bread.
“Discounted blind food boxes are mostly bought by young people around the age of 20 who are looking for good value and a low price,” said a post-95s bread shop owner, Mr Ren in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province.
“The introduction of discounted blind food boxes aims to reduce waste,” Ren said. “My store sells about three blind boxes every day which often sell out quickly.”
Apart from Ningbo, several other Chinese cities such as Hangzhou and Shanghai have offered this service with blind boxes such as baked goods, drinks, light meals and snacks. The blind food boxes are usually priced at a $60\%$ or $70\%$ discount.
(
A. To show others’ opinion.
B. To shock the readers.
C. To make the text complete.
D. To lead in the topic.
(
A. happy
B. excited
C. worried
D. sad
(
A. It is cheap but fine.
B. It meets people’s curiosity.
C. It can help reduce food waste.
D. It is popular among young people.
(
A. In space order.
B. In time order.
C. By giving examples.
D. By telling stories.
(
A. A guidebook.
B. A science magazine.
C. A storybook.
D. A newspaper.
阅读下面的材料，从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
A社会热点——治疗猫咪
Every day Juanita Mengel, a 67-year-old woman from the state of Ohio, wakes up and puts on her prosthesis(假肢). Then, Mengel does the same for Lola-Pearl, her colourful five-year-old cat. Lola-Pearl is missing her back left leg.
Mengel has many cats. Most of them have disabilities. But Lola-Pearl is special. She is a therapy(治疗) cat. And, she and Mengel are partners of a kind. They are among 200 therapy cat teams registered(注册) in the United States by the nonprofit group, Pet Partners.
The group helps humans and pets alike by setting them up into teams to provide animal-aided intervention(干预). The teams visit hospitals, nursing homes and schools and help those in need.
Chastain Griffin is a researcher who studies the effects of therapy cats. She said there needs to be more research done in cat therapy. She said that there is a lot of research on other therapy animals like dogs, and many people are surprised to learn that cats can be therapy animals too.
Besides dogs and cats, Pet Partners registers some other species as therapy animals, including horses, rabbits, rats, birds and alpacas(羊驼).
“She was so good with people and I just knew she would be a good therapy cat. People really were drawn to her, too,” Mengel said.
(
C
)11. What makes Lola-Pearl special?A. Her colourful and cute look.
B. Her missing back left leg.
C. Her ability to offer treatment.
D. Her partner from the state of Ohio.
(
C
)12. Who will get the help from teams of Pet Partners according to the text?A. A nurse.
B. A cat keeper.
C. A patient.
D. A teacher.
(
A
)13. What is Chastain Griffin's attitude toward the research of therapy cats?A. Supportive.
B. Opposed.
C. Doubtful.
D. Worried.
B人物风采——图书馆之光
Growing up, Mychal Threets fell in love with reading at Fairfield Civic Centre Library(FCCL) in California. Now, at age 33, he is the supervising(监督) librarian of FCCL and has drawn a following of more than 650,000 people who enjoy watching the videos he posts about libraries on social media.
Threets was mostly homeschooled by his mother. They spent hours at FCCL and it became a home to him, he said. But he didn't see many people who looked like him staying there and didn't consider becoming a librarian until age 23, when he worked in a different Fairfield library. "That's when my librarian journey began," he said. Threets took librarian education courses and worked his way up to the position he now holds.
About two years ago, he began what he calls his "library joy" on the social media. He posts videos about being a librarian as well as how to use a library card, book recommendations(推荐), and stories about children who have discovered their love of reading at the library.
Although the attention he receives for his posts can feel overwhelming(令人不知所措的) at times, Threets is mostly encouraged that he has been accomplishing(实现) his goal. "I should remind people how cool libraries are and how much library workers care about their communities," he said.
(
D
)14. What do we know from the first paragraph?A. Threets has read 650,000 books.
B. Threets began to read at age 33.
C. Threets became a librarian two years ago.
D. Threets loved reading little by little.
(
B
)15. What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?A. When Threets worked as a librarian.
B. How Threets became a librarian.
C. Where Threets got education courses.
D. Why Threets fell in love with reading.
(
C
)16. What will Threets do next?A. He will make more good friends.
B. He will find a different job.
C. He will post more valuable videos.
D. He will work for more libraries.
(
B
)17. What is the best title for this passage?A. Finding Jobs in the Library
B. Helping People Love Libraries
C. Reading More Library Books
D. Building More Libraries for People
C阅读新考向——棉花糖测试
If you ask people to name a famous psychology study, the “marshmallow(棉花糖) test” would be the answer. In this task, young children are told they can immediately get a small reward(奖励) or wait to get a bigger reward. Researchers have shown that the ability to wait has something to do with some positive life outcomes.
“The classic marshmallow test has shaped the way researchers think about the development of self-control, which is an important skill,” said Gail Heyman, lead author of the study. “In addition to measuring self-control, the task may also be measuring another important skill: awareness(意识) of what other people value.”
Children were asked to stay in one of three conditions: a “teacher” condition, in which they were told that their teacher would find out how long they waited; or a “peer” condition, in which they were told that a classmate would find out how long they waited; or a “standard” condition that had no special signs.
Children waited longer in the teacher and peer conditions than in the standard condition, and they waited about twice as long in the teacher condition as compared to the peer condition.
The researchers said that when children decide how long to wait, they think about the benefits and costs, including getting a social reward like a better reputation(名声). The research shows that the desire to impress others is strong and can motivate human behaviour when people are at a very young age.
(
A
)18. What is the famous study “marshmallow test” about?A. It’s about how children deal with rewards.
B. It’s about the development of children’s taste.
C. It’s about the importance of marshmallows.
D. It’s about the effect of rewards on adults.
(
C
)19. How did the researchers do the experiment?A. By explaining the task to the children.
B. By asking the children to choose a reward.
C. By dividing the children into different groups.
D. By ordering the children to watch the time.
(
B
)20. Which picture shows the result of the experiment?(
B
)21. What would be the best title for the text?A. The Importance of Waiting
B. The Classic Marshmallow Test
C. Children’s Behaviour in Psychology Tests
D. The Development of Self-Control in Children
D人与社会 一盲盒美食
Discounted(打折的) blind food boxes, a rising trend(趋势) in China, have caught the interest of many Gen-Zers(指在1995—2009年之间出生的人) in the country, as this new choice gives them chances to enjoy food at a low price. At the same time, it can help reduce food waste.
People don’t know what food will be inside if they don’t open the box, which makes the blind box exciting and meets their curiosity(好奇心).
“I bought a blind box from a bread shop. Priced at 15.9 yuan, it has three kinds of bread inside,” said a 23-year-old buyer, Miss Li. She said the bread in the blind box tastes pretty much the same as the one without discount and the main difference is that the box offers only fewer choices of bread.
“Discounted blind food boxes are mostly bought by young people around the age of 20 who are looking for good value and a low price,” said a post-95s bread shop owner, Mr Ren in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province.
“The introduction of discounted blind food boxes aims to reduce waste,” Ren said. “My store sells about three blind boxes every day which often sell out quickly.”
Apart from Ningbo, several other Chinese cities such as Hangzhou and Shanghai have offered this service with blind boxes such as baked goods, drinks, light meals and snacks. The blind food boxes are usually priced at a $60\%$ or $70\%$ discount.
(
D
)22. What’s the main purpose of the first paragraph?A. To show others’ opinion.
B. To shock the readers.
C. To make the text complete.
D. To lead in the topic.
(
B
)23. Blind food boxes can make people feel .A. happy
B. excited
C. worried
D. sad
(
A
)24. What do young people around the age of 20 think of blind food boxes?A. It is cheap but fine.
B. It meets people’s curiosity.
C. It can help reduce food waste.
D. It is popular among young people.
(
C
)25. How does the writer develop the text from Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6?A. In space order.
B. In time order.
C. By giving examples.
D. By telling stories.
(
D
)26. Where is the text most probably taken from?A. A guidebook.
B. A science magazine.
C. A storybook.
D. A newspaper.
答案
11-15. CCADB 16-20. CBACB
21-26. BDBACD
21-26. BDBACD
解析
【解析】
本篇是四篇不同主题的阅读理解短文，逐题解析如下：
11. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段"She is a therapy(治疗) cat. And, she and Mengel are partners of a kind."可知Lola-Pearl的特殊之处是它作为治疗猫具备提供辅助干预、帮助他人的能力，对应选项C。
12. 细节理解题：根据原文第三段"The teams visit hospitals, nursing homes and schools and help those in need."，Pet Partners的服务对象包含医院里的病人，对应选项C。
13. 推理判断题：根据原文第四段"She said there needs to be more research done in cat therapy."可知Chastain Griffin认为需要开展更多关于治疗猫的研究，说明她对该领域研究持支持态度，对应选项A。
14. 细节理解题：用排除法：A选项错误，原文是他的社交媒体粉丝超过65万而非他读过65万本书；B选项错误，他从小就爱上阅读，33岁时成为主管馆员；C选项错误，他23岁开启馆员生涯，两年前才开始发布社交视频；D选项符合原文首段他成长过程中逐渐爱上阅读的表述，对应选项D。
15. 段落大意题：第二段讲述了Mychal Threets从在家上学常去图书馆，到23岁开启馆员生涯、修读相关课程逐步晋升的全过程，核心是他如何成为一名图书馆员，对应选项B。
16. 推理判断题：根据第三段他在社交媒体发布各类图书馆相关视频，第四段提到他的目标是让更多人了解图书馆的价值，可推知他后续会发布更多有价值的相关视频，对应选项C。
17. 标题归纳题：全文围绕Mychal Threets通过社交平台分享图书馆内容，向大众传递图书馆的魅力、引导人们爱上图书馆展开，对应选项B。
18. 细节理解题：根据原文第一段"In this task, young children are told they can immediately get a small reward(奖励) or wait to get a bigger reward."可知棉花糖测试研究的是儿童如何对待不同的奖励选择，对应选项A。
19. 细节理解题：根据原文第三段"Children were asked to stay in one of three conditions: a “teacher” condition... or a “peer” condition... or a “standard” condition"可知研究人员是将儿童分成三组不同的对照场景开展实验，对应选项C。
20. 细节理解题：根据原文第四段"Children waited longer in the teacher and peer conditions than in the standard condition, and they waited about twice as long in the teacher condition as compared to the peer condition"，即等待时长：教师场景＞同伴场景＞标准场景，且教师场景时长是同伴的两倍，对应图B。
21. 标题归纳题：全文围绕经典棉花糖测试的新研究发现展开，核心主题是经典棉花糖测试，对应选项B。
22. 写作意图题：首段介绍打折盲盒美食这一新兴趋势的基本情况，作用是引出下文对盲盒美食的详细介绍，对应选项D。
23. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段"People don’t know what food will be inside if they don’t open the box, which makes the blind box exciting"可知盲盒会让人们感到兴奋，对应选项B。
24. 推理判断题：根据第四段"Discounted blind food boxes are mostly bought by young people around the age of 20 who are looking for good value and a low price"以及第三段买家反馈盲盒里的面包品质和正价的几乎无差，可知20岁左右的年轻人认为盲盒物美价廉，对应选项A。
25. 写作手法题：第3到第6段分别举了买家李女士、宁波面包店店主任先生的例子，还列举了杭州、上海等城市的相关情况，是通过举例子的方式展开文本，对应选项C。
26. 文章出处题：本文介绍国内新兴的打折盲盒美食这一社会热点现象，最有可能出自报纸，对应选项D。
【答案】
11-15. CCADB 16-20. CBACB 21-26. BDBACD
【知识点】
阅读理解细节理解
阅读理解主旨大意
阅读理解推理判断
【点评】
本题是四篇不同主题的阅读理解组合，覆盖社会热点、人物故事、心理学研究、新兴生活趋势等常见中考阅读题材，考点覆盖细节定位、主旨归纳、推理判断等阅读核心能力，难度梯度合理，既考查学生快速从文本抓取关键信息的基础能力，也需要学生结合文本内容进行合理推断，符合初中英语阅读理解的常规考查要求。
【难度系数】
0.7
本篇是四篇不同主题的阅读理解短文，逐题解析如下：
11. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段"She is a therapy(治疗) cat. And, she and Mengel are partners of a kind."可知Lola-Pearl的特殊之处是它作为治疗猫具备提供辅助干预、帮助他人的能力，对应选项C。
12. 细节理解题：根据原文第三段"The teams visit hospitals, nursing homes and schools and help those in need."，Pet Partners的服务对象包含医院里的病人，对应选项C。
13. 推理判断题：根据原文第四段"She said there needs to be more research done in cat therapy."可知Chastain Griffin认为需要开展更多关于治疗猫的研究，说明她对该领域研究持支持态度，对应选项A。
14. 细节理解题：用排除法：A选项错误，原文是他的社交媒体粉丝超过65万而非他读过65万本书；B选项错误，他从小就爱上阅读，33岁时成为主管馆员；C选项错误，他23岁开启馆员生涯，两年前才开始发布社交视频；D选项符合原文首段他成长过程中逐渐爱上阅读的表述，对应选项D。
15. 段落大意题：第二段讲述了Mychal Threets从在家上学常去图书馆，到23岁开启馆员生涯、修读相关课程逐步晋升的全过程，核心是他如何成为一名图书馆员，对应选项B。
16. 推理判断题：根据第三段他在社交媒体发布各类图书馆相关视频，第四段提到他的目标是让更多人了解图书馆的价值，可推知他后续会发布更多有价值的相关视频，对应选项C。
17. 标题归纳题：全文围绕Mychal Threets通过社交平台分享图书馆内容，向大众传递图书馆的魅力、引导人们爱上图书馆展开，对应选项B。
18. 细节理解题：根据原文第一段"In this task, young children are told they can immediately get a small reward(奖励) or wait to get a bigger reward."可知棉花糖测试研究的是儿童如何对待不同的奖励选择，对应选项A。
19. 细节理解题：根据原文第三段"Children were asked to stay in one of three conditions: a “teacher” condition... or a “peer” condition... or a “standard” condition"可知研究人员是将儿童分成三组不同的对照场景开展实验，对应选项C。
20. 细节理解题：根据原文第四段"Children waited longer in the teacher and peer conditions than in the standard condition, and they waited about twice as long in the teacher condition as compared to the peer condition"，即等待时长：教师场景＞同伴场景＞标准场景，且教师场景时长是同伴的两倍，对应图B。
21. 标题归纳题：全文围绕经典棉花糖测试的新研究发现展开，核心主题是经典棉花糖测试，对应选项B。
22. 写作意图题：首段介绍打折盲盒美食这一新兴趋势的基本情况，作用是引出下文对盲盒美食的详细介绍，对应选项D。
23. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段"People don’t know what food will be inside if they don’t open the box, which makes the blind box exciting"可知盲盒会让人们感到兴奋，对应选项B。
24. 推理判断题：根据第四段"Discounted blind food boxes are mostly bought by young people around the age of 20 who are looking for good value and a low price"以及第三段买家反馈盲盒里的面包品质和正价的几乎无差，可知20岁左右的年轻人认为盲盒物美价廉，对应选项A。
25. 写作手法题：第3到第6段分别举了买家李女士、宁波面包店店主任先生的例子，还列举了杭州、上海等城市的相关情况，是通过举例子的方式展开文本，对应选项C。
26. 文章出处题：本文介绍国内新兴的打折盲盒美食这一社会热点现象，最有可能出自报纸，对应选项D。
【答案】
11-15. CCADB 16-20. CBACB 21-26. BDBACD
【知识点】
阅读理解细节理解
阅读理解主旨大意
阅读理解推理判断
【点评】
本题是四篇不同主题的阅读理解组合，覆盖社会热点、人物故事、心理学研究、新兴生活趋势等常见中考阅读题材，考点覆盖细节定位、主旨归纳、推理判断等阅读核心能力，难度梯度合理，既考查学生快速从文本抓取关键信息的基础能力，也需要学生结合文本内容进行合理推断，符合初中英语阅读理解的常规考查要求。
【难度系数】
0.7
