Ⅰ. 阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
(2026·江苏南京期末)
Plastic pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems in the world. Each year, millions of tons of plastic waste end up in oceans, forests and landfills, harming wildlife and ecosystems. In recent years, biodegradable plastics have been promoted as a promising solution to this crisis.
Biodegradable plastics are designed to break down naturally into harmless substances, such as water and carbon dioxide, with the help of microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. Unlike traditional plastics, which can take hundreds of years to decompose (分解), some biodegradable plastics can break down in just a few months under the right conditions.
However, the reality is more complicated than it seems. Most biodegradable plastics require specific environmental conditions to decompose—high temperatures, sufficient moisture and the presence of certain microorganisms. For example, some biodegradable plastics can only break down in industrial composting facilities, not in the ocean or ordinary landfills. If they end up in the wrong environment, they can persist for just as long as traditional plastics. Besides, the production of biodegradable plastics has its own environmental costs. Many of these plastics are made from crops
like corn and sugarcane, which require large amounts of land, water and fertilizers. This can lead to deforestation and soil degradation, especially in developing countries where agricultural land is limited. And there is also a risk of "greenwashing"—companies using the label "biodegradable" to make their products seem more environmentally friendly, even if the plastics do not meet strict standards. This confuses consumers, and may lead them to use more plastic, thinking it is harmless.
So, are biodegradable plastics a perfect solution? I think we've already had the answer. They can play a role in reducing plastic pollution, but only if they are used correctly, disposed of properly, and combined with other measures such as reducing plastic use, reusing products and recycling.
1. What is the key characteristic of biodegradable plastics? ()
A. They are produced entirely from agricultural waste.
B. They can decompose quickly in any natural environment.
C. They are always cheaper and more durable than traditional plastics.
D. They are intended to decompose naturally into harmless substances.
2. Why can't some biodegradable plastics break down in ordinary landfills? ()
A. They are mixed with traditional plastics.
B. There is no space for them to break down.
C. They lack the necessary environmental conditions.
D. They produce harmful gases that stop decomposition.
3. In Paragraph 3, what does "greenwashing" refer to? ()
A. Planting trees to offset plastic pollution.
B. Recycling plastic waste into green products.
C. Making false environmental claims for profit.
D. Using green materials to make plastic products.
4. What is the writer's attitude towards biodegradable plastics as a solution? ()
A. Favorable.
B. Objective.
C. Unconcerned.
D. Opposed.

语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了可生物降解塑料的特点、实际应用中的局限性、相关环境成本及“漂绿”现象，并客观分析了其在解决塑料污染问题中的作用。
1. D 细节理解题。根据第二段“Biodegradable plastics are designed to break down naturally into harmless substances, such as water and carbon dioxide, with the help of microorganisms like bacteria and fungi.”可知，可生物降解塑料的关键特点是被设计成能够自然分解成无害物质。故选 D。
2. C 细节理解题。根据第三段“Most biodegradable plastics require specific environmental conditions to decompose—high temperatures, sufficient moisture and the presence of certain microorganisms. For example, some biodegradable plastics can only break down in industrial composting facilities, not in the ocean or ordinary landfills.”可知，可生物降解塑料在普通垃圾填埋场无法分解是因为缺乏必要的环境条件。故选 C。
3. C 词义猜测题。根据第三段“And there is also a risk of ‘greenwashing’—companies using the label ‘biodegradable’ to make their products seem more environmentally friendly, even if the plastics do not meet strict standards. This confuses consumers, and may lead them to use more plastic, thinking it is harmless.”可知，“greenwashing”指的是为了盈利而作出虚假的环保声明。故选 C。
4. B 观点态度题。根据最后一段“They can play a role in reducing plastic pollution, but only if they are used correctly, disposed of properly, and combined with other measures such as reducing plastic use, reusing products and recycling.”可知，作者既指出了可生物降解塑料的作用，也强调了其局限性和使用条件，态度是客观的。故选 B。