三、同义句转换
1. The teacher was ill, so the lecture was put off.（独立主格结构）
→ , the lecture was put off.
2. What he said made all of us laugh.（被动结构）
→All of us by what he said.
3. I'm sure that a friendly and harmonious environment is of great importance to us all.（doubt v.）
→ a friendly and harmonious environment is of great importance to us all.
4. Evidently, James has made a mistake in his job, but don't scold him—he is a green hand.（it 作形式主语）
→ , but don't scold him—he is a green hand.
5. Since you have settled down in a new country, you have to adjust to the new environment.（adjustment）
→Since you have settled down in a new country, you have to the new environment.

1. The teacher being ill
2. were made to laugh
3. I don't doubt that
4. It is evident that James has made a mistake in his job
5. make an adjustment to

四、阅读理解
A
When the pandemic sent the world into a state of confusion, opinions on how to deal with the deadly new virus were as numerous as the stars in the sky. However, there’s at least one thing that most people seem to agree on that washing one’s hands is an effective way of staying safe and healthy.
Most people would be so surprised to learn that the idea of handwashing was once fairly controversial(有争议的). At one time, new mothers used to die of a disease known as childbed fever shortly after giving birth. In the 1840s, Ignaz Semmelweis, a Hungarian doctor working at the Vienna General Hospital, became interested in this problem and began looking for a solution. After realizing that doctors and medical students had been handling dead bodies before delivering babies, Semmelweis put into practice a handwashing procedure for all doctors, nurses, and medical students.
Though Dr. Semmelweis’ procedure greatly reduced the number of deaths by childbed fever, other doctors rejected his theory and even his own hospital eventually abandoned the practice. Semmelweis, however, still firmly believed in handwashing and published a book on the subject, but his ideas were never fully accepted. Sadly, his health began to worsen in the 1860s and Semmelweis died in mental institution before he could see his idea recognized.
Around the 1870s, Scottish surgeons under the guidance of Dr. Joseph Lister began the practice of cleaning their hands and surgical instruments thoroughly before surgery. Not long after, many in the medical community began to recognize the earlier work of Semmelweis. University of Budapest changed its name to Semmelweis University, in honor of his devotion to improving healthcare by way of cleanliness.
()1. This passage is most likely to be found in a .
A. science-fiction book set in Hungary
B. journal on the history of medicine
C. biography of Dr. Joseph Lister
D. report on how to treat childbed fever
()2. What was the initial result of Dr. Semmelweis’ practice?
A. Childbed fever disappeared.
B. Far more babies survived.
C. Fewer women died after childbirth.
D. Surgeons stopped touching dead bodies.
()3. Which of the following orders is correct about the history of handwashing theory?
A. Acceptance→Publication→Approval→Award.
B. Proposal→Approval→Publication→Application.
C. Publication→Acceptance→Application→Doubt.
D. Application→Rejection→Publication→Recognition.
()4. Which of the statements is FALSE about Semmelweis?
A. He didn’t see his theory widely accepted in his lifetime.
B. His book played a decisive role in making his work recognized.
C. A university was named after him in honor of his devotion to medicine.
D. It took about 30 years for his theory to gain acceptance in medical community.

1. B 解析:文章出处题。通读全文,尤其是根据第二段的内容“大多数人会惊讶地发现,洗手这一观念曾经一度颇具争议。过去,新妈妈们在分娩后不久常常死于一种被称为产褥热的疾病。19世纪40年代,在维也纳总医院工作的匈牙利医生Ignaz Semmelweis对这一问题产生了兴趣,并开始寻找解决方案。当他意识到医生和医学生在接生前曾接触过尸体后,Semmelweis为所有医生、护士和医学生推行了洗手程序”可知,本文主要讲述了洗手理论的历史发展,该文章最有可能出现在医学历史杂志上。故选B。
2. C 解析:细节理解题。根据第三段中“Though Dr. Semmelweis' procedure greatly reduced the number of deaths by childbed fever, other doctors rejected his theory and even his own hospital eventually abandoned the practice.”可知,Semmelweis医生做法的初步结果是减少了产后因产褥热死亡的女性数量。故选C。
3. D 解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中“After realizing that ... and medical students.(当意识到医生和医学生在接生婴儿前曾接触过尸体后,Semmelweis开始让所有医生、护士和医学生执行一套洗手流程。)”、第三段中“Though Dr. Semmelweis' procedure greatly reduced ... were never fully accepted.(尽管Semmelweis医生的这套流程大幅减少了产褥热导致的死亡人数,但其他医生却反对他的理论,甚至他所在的医院最终也放弃了这一做法。然而,Semmelweis依然坚信洗手的重要性,并出版了一本相关主题的书籍,可他的理念始终未被完全认可。)”以及最后一段中“Not long after, many in the medical community began to recognize the earlier work of Semmelweis.(不久之后,医学界的许多人开始认可Semmelweis的早期工作。)”可知,关于洗手理论的历史,正确的顺序是“应用→拒绝→出版→认可”。故选D。
4. B 解析:细节理解题。根据第三段中“Semmelweis, however, still firmly believed in handwashing and published a book on the subject, but his ideas were never fully accepted.”可知,Semmelweis的书并没有使他的工作得到认可,他的想法在他生前从未被完全接受,因此B选项“His book played a decisive role in making his work recognized.”是错误的。故选B。