一、完形填空(真题·宁波市南三县)
阅读下面短文,然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
It was break time at the village school. The students ran outside to play for fun, all but poor Davy. He came 1 last and slowly, but he was not happy. He was thinking about the 2 words that his classmates said about his old clothes. Poor Davy had no father, and his mother had to work hard to keep 3 at school.
When his teacher learnt about his 4, she told Davy to pick flowers in the fields and helped him to sell the flowers. Every day after school, Davy 5 the flowers in the fields and soon made some money. He didn't buy any new clothes but gave all the money to his mother. His teacher was always there to guide him and help him sell the flowers at the market. 6 Davy and his teacher became closer to each other with time. With his teacher's help and his hard work, he got something 7—the better life for his family.
One day, when Davy saw his classmates were around another new student in old clothes, he 8 went to them. He spoke about the 9 of his teacher and the lessons he learnt from selling flowers. His story moved the hearts of his classmates and they began to see Davy as a symbol of hope. His teacher's plan not only helped him but also 10 a good change in the school.
With the right help and a little courage(勇气), even the smallest act can make a big difference.
()1. A. on B. in C. over D. out
()2. A. sweet B. good C. bad D. wrong
()3. A. her B. him C. them D. me
()4. A. lessons B. habits C. problems D. classmates
()5. A. looked at B. looked for C. looked out D. looked after
()6. A. Because B. So C. But D. However
()7. A. free B. favourite C. funny D. friendly
()8. A. quickly B. slowly C. happily D. easily
()9. A. shyness B. sadness C. kindness D. illness
()10. A. took B. gave C. felt D. brought

1－5. DCBCB 6－10. BBACD
【完形填空】
本文讲述一个男孩因为穿破旧衣服被同学们嘲笑，最后通过自己的双手卖花赚了钱为自己的家人提供更好的生活的故事。
第5题：考查动词短语。句意：每天放学后，戴维在田野里寻找鲜花，很快就赚了一些钱。A. looked at 看；B. looked for 寻找；C. looked out 小心；D. looked after 照顾。根据soon made some money(很快赚了一些钱)可知，他每天放学后都会在田野里寻找花。故选B。
第9题：考查名词。句意：他谈到了他老师的善举和他从卖花中学到的经验。A. shyness 害羞；B. sadness 悲伤；C. kindness 善举；D. illness 疾病；根据the... of his teacher(他的老师的……)结合选项以及前文可知，是指老师帮助他卖花的善举。故选C。
第10题：考查动词。句意：他老师的计划不仅帮助了他，而且给学校带来了良好的变化。A. took 拿；B. gave 给；C. felt 感觉；D. brought 带来。根据... a good change in the school(给学校……良好的变化)可知，老师的计划给学校也带来了一个好变化。故选D。

【分析】
做完形填空需先通读全文把握主旨，本文讲述家境贫寒的Davy被同学嘲笑，在老师帮助下通过卖花赚钱改善家庭生活，最终成为同学希望象征的故事；再逐题结合上下文语境、词汇搭配、词义辨析及逻辑关系排除错误选项，选出最佳答案；最后验证答案是否契合全文逻辑。
【解析】
1. 考查动词短语辨析。前文提到学生都跑出去玩，唯独Davy留在后面，可知他是最后出来的，come out表示“出来”，符合语境，故选D。
2. 考查形容词词义辨析。由前文“he was not happy”可知，他在想同学说的坏话，bad意为“坏的、糟糕的”，符合语境，故选C。
3. 考查代词词义辨析。此处指代Davy，keep sb at school表示“供某人上学”，him指代Davy，故选B。
4. 考查名词词义辨析。老师了解到他的问题（被同学嘲笑、家境困难），problem意为“问题”，故选C。
5. 考查动词短语辨析。根据后文“soon made some money”可知，他每天放学后在田野里寻找鲜花，look for意为“寻找”，故选B。
6. 考查连词词义辨析。前文提到老师帮助他，所以他和老师变得更亲近，表因果关系，so意为“所以”，故选B。
7. 考查形容词词义辨析。结合后文“the better life for his family”，此处指他得到了珍贵的东西，结合选项，free符合语境，故选A。
8. 考查副词词义辨析。根据语境，他看到同学围着新同学，慢慢走向他们，slowly意为“慢慢地”，符合他当时的状态，故选B。
9. 考查名词词义辨析。老师帮助他卖花，是善举，kindness意为“善举”，符合语境，故选C。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。老师的计划给学校带来了好变化，bring意为“带来”，符合搭配，故选D。
【答案】
1－5. DCBCB 6－10. BBACD
【知识点】
动词短语辨析、名词词义辨析、形容词词义辨析
【点评】
本文是一篇记叙文，传递了希望与感恩的主题，侧重考查学生对语境的理解和词汇运用能力，是典型的完形填空真题。
【难度系数】
0.6

二、阅读理解(真题·台州路桥)
阅读下面材料，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
Do you dream of staying in a quiet place when travelling by train? If yes, now is the time for your dream to come true. According to Beijing Evening News, some trains running between Beijing and Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou, and Chengdu and Chongqing now have quiet compartments

(车厢). When riding in these compartments, you must follow some rules, and there are some important ones.
First, you must keep your phone silent(静音的). Second, you must come out of the compartment to make or take a phone call. Third, you must use headphones when watching videos or listening to music. At last, you must keep your voice down when speaking in a quiet compartment.
▲. You only need to go to “Railway 12306” on your mobile, search for train routes(路线), and look for the Chinese character “静” next to the train number. Then, find the same character “静” next to the seat class and check the box to get a quiet compartment seat. See, getting a ticket just takes you a short time.
Are you or your family looking forward to a quiet train ride? Do you have plans for travelling any time soon? If you say yes, get a ticket for a quiet compartment now!
()11. How many rules should we follow in the quiet compartment?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
()12. Which of the following can be put in ▲?
A. Finding the Chinese character “静” is important
B. Getting a ticket for a quiet compartment is easy
C. Finding the quiet compartment takes a long time
D. Getting a ticket for a quiet compartment takes a long time
()13. How can you get a ticket for a quiet compartment?
①Find the Chinese character “静” next to the seat class.
②Look for the Chinese character “静” next to the train number.
③Check the box to get a quiet compartment seat.
④Visit “Railway 12306” and search for train routes.
A. ②①③④ B. ④①②③ C. ①③④② D. ④②①③
()14. The writer writes the passage to .
A. ask us to take the quiet compartments
B. describe the seats in quiet compartments
C. show us where to get tickets of quiet compartments
D. tell us some information about quiet compartments

11－14. CBDD
【阅读理解】
本文主要介绍了静音车厢的一些规则及如何订票的方法。
第14题：主旨大意题。第二段介绍静音车厢你必须遵循的规则，第三段主要介绍了如何预订静音车厢的票。文章主要讲了静音车厢的一些信息。故选D。

【分析】
首先通读全文，明确文章围绕火车静音车厢展开，介绍其规则与订票方法。针对每道题，需定位原文对应内容，结合细节、逻辑关系及主旨进行判断：
11题：查找静音车厢的规则数量，定位第二段的规则描述；
12题：结合空格后“订票耗时短”的内容，推断空格处的句子；
13题：梳理订票步骤，按原文第三段的操作顺序排列；
14题：分析文章整体内容，归纳主旨。
【解析】
11题：根据文章第二段，静音车厢的规则共4条：手机静音、出车厢打电话、用耳机使用音视频、小声说话，对应选项C。
12题：空格后提到“getting a ticket just takes you a short time”（订票耗时短），说明订票过程简单，选项B“Getting a ticket for a quiet compartment is easy”符合语境。
13题：根据第三段订票步骤：先访问“Railway 12306”并搜索列车路线（④）→ 查找车次旁的“静”（②）→ 查找座位等级旁的“静”（①）→ 勾选座位（③），顺序为④②①③，对应选项D。
14题：文章介绍了静音车厢的规则、订票方法等相关信息，主旨是告知读者静音车厢的各类内容，对应选项D。
【答案】
11.C 12.B 13.D 14.D
【知识点】
阅读理解、细节理解题、主旨大意题
【点评】
本文为实用类阅读，围绕火车静音车厢展开，考查学生细节查找、逻辑梳理及主旨归纳能力，题目难度适中，需准确对应原文信息。
【难度系数】
0.8