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四、阅读理解
“Don’t get dirty!” was once often shouted by parents angrily watching their children destroy their best clothes. It was unavoidable that children’s whites would turn brown before the day was over.
Today, many parents may secretly hope their children can have the chance to pick up a bit of dirt. With the rise of city life, and the attraction of video games and social media, contact with nature is much less than in the past. For many, there is simply no opportunity to get muddy. According to recent research, the dirt outside contains friendly microorganisms（微生物）that can train the immune system（免疫系统）and build the body against illnesses, such as anxiety.
The findings show that outdoor exercise is not only beneficial because of the chance to run around free, but certain natural materials, such as soil and mud, also have powerful microorganisms which have positive effects on children’s health. Outdoor play can also offer valuable learning experiences. For example, the act of rubbing and shaping materials like mud or sand can help children develop their senses and movement.
Such activities—away from the house or classroom—may also help children to find ways to deal with emotions that may be hard to explore in other environments. So-called “sandtray therapy（沙盘疗法）”, which includes using sand to express one’s thoughts and feelings, is an accepted form of guidance for children who are struggling to express their inner feelings.
Surprisingly, people who spent most of their childhood in the countryside show a better reply to stressful events like public speaking compared with those who grew up in cities. “The people who grew up in cities are kind of ‘walking time bombs’ when facing the stress we meet today. However, people who have spent lots of time in nature since childhood generally make a quicker recovery and are more positive,” says Christopher A. Lowry, a professor of the University of Colorado Boulder.
（
A. To introduce the topic. B. To share an opinion.
C. To tell a funny story. D. To describe characters.
（
A. Gaining learning experiences. B. Experiencing the inner emotions.
C. Changing the immune system. D. Discovering more microorganisms.
（
A. They may cause danger to the public.
B. They perform well in speaking in public.
C. They get affected by stress more easily.
D. They keep a positive and energetic state all the time.
（
A. Culture. B. Health. C. Economy. D. Technology.
“Don’t get dirty!” was once often shouted by parents angrily watching their children destroy their best clothes. It was unavoidable that children’s whites would turn brown before the day was over.
Today, many parents may secretly hope their children can have the chance to pick up a bit of dirt. With the rise of city life, and the attraction of video games and social media, contact with nature is much less than in the past. For many, there is simply no opportunity to get muddy. According to recent research, the dirt outside contains friendly microorganisms（微生物）that can train the immune system（免疫系统）and build the body against illnesses, such as anxiety.
The findings show that outdoor exercise is not only beneficial because of the chance to run around free, but certain natural materials, such as soil and mud, also have powerful microorganisms which have positive effects on children’s health. Outdoor play can also offer valuable learning experiences. For example, the act of rubbing and shaping materials like mud or sand can help children develop their senses and movement.
Such activities—away from the house or classroom—may also help children to find ways to deal with emotions that may be hard to explore in other environments. So-called “sandtray therapy（沙盘疗法）”, which includes using sand to express one’s thoughts and feelings, is an accepted form of guidance for children who are struggling to express their inner feelings.
Surprisingly, people who spent most of their childhood in the countryside show a better reply to stressful events like public speaking compared with those who grew up in cities. “The people who grew up in cities are kind of ‘walking time bombs’ when facing the stress we meet today. However, people who have spent lots of time in nature since childhood generally make a quicker recovery and are more positive,” says Christopher A. Lowry, a professor of the University of Colorado Boulder.
（
A
）1. What’s the author’s purpose of writing paragraph 1?A. To introduce the topic. B. To share an opinion.
C. To tell a funny story. D. To describe characters.
（
A
）2. What is a benefit of outdoor exercise?A. Gaining learning experiences. B. Experiencing the inner emotions.
C. Changing the immune system. D. Discovering more microorganisms.
（
C
）3. What makes some people called “walking time bombs”?A. They may cause danger to the public.
B. They perform well in speaking in public.
C. They get affected by stress more easily.
D. They keep a positive and energetic state all the time.
（
B
）4. In which part of a website can you find the text?A. Culture. B. Health. C. Economy. D. Technology.
答案
四、1.A 2.A 3.C 4.B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章对比过去与现在父母对孩子“弄脏”的态度,指出城市孩子接触自然变少,而泥土中的微生物可增强免疫力,户外活动能提供学习体验、有助于情绪调节,童年多接触自然能提升抗压能力。
1. A 解析:推理判断题。根据第一段的内容“‘别弄脏了!’曾经是父母们愤怒地看着孩子们毁掉他们最好的衣服时经常喊的话。在一天结束之前,孩子们的白色衣物变脏是不可避免的”、第二段开头指出“Today, many parents may secretly hope their children can have the chance to pick up a bit of dirt.(如今,许多父母可能暗自希望孩子能有机会接触一些泥土)”,以及下文分析原因可知,作者撰写第一段的目的是引入主题。故选A。
2. A 解析:细节理解题。根据第三段中“Outdoor play can also offer valuable learning experiences. For example, the act of rubbing and shaping materials like mud or sand can help children develop their senses and movement.(户外活动也能提供宝贵的学习体验。例如,揉搓和塑造泥土或沙子等材料的行为有助于儿童发展感官和运动能力)”可知,孩子通过户外运动可以获取学习体验。故选A。
3. C 解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The people who grew up in cities are kind of 'walking time bombs' when facing the stress we meet today. However, people who have spent lots of time in nature since childhood generally make a quicker recovery and are more positive(在城市中长大的人,在面对我们今天所经历的压力时,某种程度上就像‘行走中的定时炸弹’。然而,那些自幼在自然中度过大量时间的人通常恢复得更快,也更积极乐观)”可知,一些人被称为“行走的定时炸弹”是因为他们更容易受到压力的影响。故选C。
4. B 解析:推理判断题。通读全文,尤其根据第二段中“According to recent research, the dirt outside contains friendly microorganisms that can train the immune system and build the body against illnesses, such as anxiety.(根据最近的研究,外界的尘土中存在着有益的微生物,这些微生物能够训练免疫系统,帮助身体抵御诸如焦虑等疾病)”可知,文章对比过去与现在父母对孩子“弄脏”的态度,指出城市孩子接触自然变少,而泥土中的微生物可增强免疫力,户外活动能提供学习体验、有助于情绪调节,童年多接触自然能提升抗压能力。由此可知,文章选自网站的“健康”部分。故选B。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章对比过去与现在父母对孩子“弄脏”的态度,指出城市孩子接触自然变少,而泥土中的微生物可增强免疫力,户外活动能提供学习体验、有助于情绪调节,童年多接触自然能提升抗压能力。
1. A 解析:推理判断题。根据第一段的内容“‘别弄脏了!’曾经是父母们愤怒地看着孩子们毁掉他们最好的衣服时经常喊的话。在一天结束之前,孩子们的白色衣物变脏是不可避免的”、第二段开头指出“Today, many parents may secretly hope their children can have the chance to pick up a bit of dirt.(如今,许多父母可能暗自希望孩子能有机会接触一些泥土)”,以及下文分析原因可知,作者撰写第一段的目的是引入主题。故选A。
2. A 解析:细节理解题。根据第三段中“Outdoor play can also offer valuable learning experiences. For example, the act of rubbing and shaping materials like mud or sand can help children develop their senses and movement.(户外活动也能提供宝贵的学习体验。例如,揉搓和塑造泥土或沙子等材料的行为有助于儿童发展感官和运动能力)”可知,孩子通过户外运动可以获取学习体验。故选A。
3. C 解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The people who grew up in cities are kind of 'walking time bombs' when facing the stress we meet today. However, people who have spent lots of time in nature since childhood generally make a quicker recovery and are more positive(在城市中长大的人,在面对我们今天所经历的压力时,某种程度上就像‘行走中的定时炸弹’。然而,那些自幼在自然中度过大量时间的人通常恢复得更快,也更积极乐观)”可知,一些人被称为“行走的定时炸弹”是因为他们更容易受到压力的影响。故选C。
4. B 解析:推理判断题。通读全文,尤其根据第二段中“According to recent research, the dirt outside contains friendly microorganisms that can train the immune system and build the body against illnesses, such as anxiety.(根据最近的研究,外界的尘土中存在着有益的微生物,这些微生物能够训练免疫系统,帮助身体抵御诸如焦虑等疾病)”可知,文章对比过去与现在父母对孩子“弄脏”的态度,指出城市孩子接触自然变少,而泥土中的微生物可增强免疫力,户外活动能提供学习体验、有助于情绪调节,童年多接触自然能提升抗压能力。由此可知,文章选自网站的“健康”部分。故选B。
