四、完形填空。
主题群:做人与做事
子主题:敢于创新
语篇类型:记叙文
词数:316
难度:★★★
Hundreds of years ago, an earthquake happened in a small village. 1 , nothing was destroyed and no one was hurt. But a huge stone 2 from a nearby mountain and stopped in the middle of the road.
3 the earthquake stopped, many people came to the road and saw the stone. Some of the 4 men tried to lift the stone out of the road. But they couldn't move it. They tried to push it but failed. They tried to pull it with ropes but nothing 5 .
"Well," they said sadly, "there's nothing we can do about it. We'll have to go another way." At this time a boy said, "I think I can help you to move the stone away." "You?" they shouted. "What are you talking about?" The men all 6 at the boy.
The next morning, some people came to the road. One of them shouted, "The stone is gone!" More people ran out to see 7 had happened. It was true. The stone wasn't on the road any longer. It wasn't even near the road. The boy walked over to where the stone had been and said, "I moved it." The people looked very 8 . "You see," he said. "I dug a deep hole 9 to the stone and I dug a small incline(斜坡) up to the stone and the stone rolled(滚) down into the hole itself. Then I covered it 10 earth." The villagers shouted, "You are a clever boy!" And some of them said, "Why didn't we come up with this good idea?"
1. A. Hardly
B. Luckily
C. Suddenly
D. Sadly
2. A. fell
B. rose
C. raised
D. felt
3. A. Where
B. What
C. When
D. Before
4. A. weakest
B. strongest
C. oldest
D. cleverest
5. A. did
B. worked
C. made
D. followed
6. A. smiled
B. knocked
C. laughed
D. pointed
7. A. what
B. why
C. how
D. which
8. A. excited
B. bored
C. interested
D. surprised
9. A. beside
B. next
C. through
D. across
10. A. of
B. with
C. against
D. at

1. B 根据下文中 nothing was destroyed and no one was hurt 可知答案。
2. A 根据“But a huge stone ... from a nearby mountain”可知，石头从附近的山上掉落。
3. C 根据句意可知，此处用 When 表示“在……时”。
4. B 根据“Some of the ... men tried to lift the stone out of the road.”可知，要搬起石头的人应该是最强壮的。
5. B 根据“They tried to pull it with ropes but nothing ...”可知，他们尽力用绳子拉但是不奏效。
6. C 根据上下文及句意可知，他们并不觉得男孩能搬开石头，所以都嘲笑他。
7. A 更多人跑出去看发生了什么。
8. D 根据上下文可知，得知是男孩搬走了石头，人们看上去很惊讶。
9. B next to 意为“在……旁边，紧挨着”。
10. B 根据句意可知，男孩用泥土覆盖了它。“cover ... with ...”意为“用……覆盖……”。

【分析】
这是一篇主题为“敢于创新”的记叙文完形填空，解题时首先要通读全文，梳理出“地震后巨石挡路，成年人用蛮力尝试移石失败，小男孩用挖坑的巧劲轻松解决问题”的核心故事脉络。之后逐空解题时，优先结合上下文的逻辑提示判断语境，再通过词义辨析、固定搭配排查错误选项：遇到描述事件属性的副词题就看后文给出的事件结果，遇到动词题就匹配动作对应的主语和场景，遇到介词题优先回忆初中常见固定短语，遇到从句引导词题就分析从句的句子成分，最后把所有选项代入全文通读验证逻辑通顺即可。
【解析】
1. 根据后文“nothing was destroyed and no one was hurt”可知地震没有造成损失和人员伤亡，是很幸运的事，Hardly几乎不，Luckily幸运地，Suddenly突然地，Sadly悲伤地，故选B。
2. 语境为巨石从附近的山上落到路中间，fell掉落，rose上升，raised举起，felt感觉，故选A。
3. 句意为当地震停止之后，很多人来到路上发现了这块石头，此处引导时间状语从句表达“当……时”的含义，用When，故选C。
4. 想要抬起沉重的巨石，人们肯定会挑选力气最大的人尝试，weakest最弱的，strongest最强的，oldest最年长的，cleverest最聪明的，故选B。
5. 人们先后尝试抬、推、用绳索拉巨石，所有方法都没有效果，work在这里表示“起作用、奏效”，符合语境，故选B。
6. 成年人都觉得年幼的小男孩不可能移走巨石，因此都嘲笑他，laugh at是固定短语，意为“嘲笑”，故选C。
7. 句意为更多人跑出去看发生了什么事，宾语从句中缺少指代事件的主语，用what引导，故选A。
8. 所有人都无法相信年幼的小男孩能移走连壮汉都搬不动的巨石，因此都露出惊讶的神情，excited兴奋的，bored无聊的，interested感兴趣的，surprised惊讶的，故选D。
9. 此处表达在巨石旁边挖深坑，固定搭配next to意为“紧挨着、在……旁边”，符合语境，故选B。
10. 句意为小男孩用泥土把巨石盖住，固定搭配cover...with...意为“用……覆盖……”，故选B。
【答案】
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. B
【知识点】
词义辨析，固定搭配，宾语从句
【点评】
本题贴合“敢于创新”的德育主题，故事趣味性强，考点大多为初中阶段核心的词汇、短语基础内容，没有设置偏难怪的陷阱。解题时要注意避免脱离语境孤立判断词义，同时也能引导学生跳出“靠蛮力解决问题”的固有思维，遇到难题换角度思考往往能收获更巧妙的解法。
【难度系数】
0.6

五、阅读理解。
主题群:灾害防范 子主题:人身安全与自我保护 语篇类型:记叙文 词数:253 难度:★★★
After three days in hospital, a 12-year-old boy named John and his parents could finally go home. His grandparents were waiting for them happily at home. "Luckily, my grandson knew how to ask for help, and he saved the whole family," said his grandma.
One cold winter night last week, when John and his parents used charcoal(木炭) to keep warm, they closed all the doors and windows of the room. However, before going to bed, John suddenly felt unwell. He felt dizzy(头晕) and had difficulty breathing. When he tried to talk with his parents, he found that they couldn't answer him. At that time, John thought they might suffer from carbon monoxide poisoning(一氧化碳中毒), and he became nervous. But then he knew he had to keep calm. At first, he opened the windows and doors to let the fresh air in. Then he picked up his father's phone to call 120. While he was waiting for the doctors, he shouted to neighbours aloud for help. The neighbours ran over at once and moved his parents outside the house together. Finally, John and his parents were sent to the hospital and saved in time.
"Were you afraid at that moment?" a reporter asked. "In fact, I was. But our school has lessons about safety every week, and our teachers often teach us what to do when we are in danger. I followed the teachers' advice. I think it is really helpful. So I want to let more people know how important safety education is," John answered.
1. What was the main reason that caused danger to John's parents?
A. They were too tired at that time.
B. They went to sleep too late.
C. They forgot to turn off the gas stove in the kitchen.
D. They used charcoal to keep warm and closed the doors and windows.
2. Which word can describe John best according to Paragraph 2?
A. Shy.
B. Outgoing.
C. Clever.
D. Friendly.
3. What did John do while waiting for the doctors to arrive?
A. He asked neighbours for help.
B. He stayed with his parents in the room.
C. He moved his parents outside by himself.
D. He asked his grandparents to come over.
4. What can we know from the passage?
A. John's grandparents were also sent to the hospital.
B. The weather was hot when the accident happened.
C. John's school gives lessons about safety every week.
D. John was praised by his school after the accident.
5. What is the best title for the passage?
A. The importance of safety education
B. Opening windows before sleeping
C. Children's love for their parents
D. How to make emergency calls correctly

1. D 细节理解题。根据“when John and his parents used charcoal to keep warm, they closed all the doors and windows of the room”可知，导致危险的原因是使用木炭取暖且关闭门窗，导致一氧化碳中毒。
2. C 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，约翰开窗通风、拨打急救电话并向邻居求助，由此可推断，他聪明冷静。
3. A 细节理解题。根据“While he was waiting for the doctors, he shouted to neighbours aloud for help.”可知，约翰在等待医生时向邻居求助。
4. C 细节理解题。根据 But our school has lessons about safety every week 可知，约翰的学校每周开展安全教育课程。
5. A 标题概括题。全文通过约翰的事例强调安全教育的重要性，最后一段约翰也直接提到 how important safety education is,点明主题。

【分析】
这是一篇以灾害防范、人身安全为主题的记叙文阅读理解，解题时可以按照「先读题干划关键词，再回原文定位匹配信息」的思路推进：细节类题目直接找到题干对应的原文段落，比对选项和原文表述的一致性就能排除错误选项；推理类题目结合人物的具体行为推导对应的特质；主旨类题目重点关注首尾段的核心观点，排除片面的干扰选项，选出最贴合全文核心的答案。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：定位原文第二段第一句可知，约翰和父母用木炭取暖时关闭了所有门窗，最终引发一氧化碳中毒，这是造成危险的核心原因。选项A“太累”、B“睡太晚”、C“忘关煤气灶”在原文均无对应表述，因此选D。
2. 推理判断题：第二段提到约翰发现中毒后没有慌乱，第一时间开窗通风、拨打120急救电话、向邻居求助，成功救下全家，能体现出他聪明、遇事冷静的特质。选项A害羞、B外向、D友好都不符合第二段对约翰行为的描述，因此选C。
3. 细节理解题：定位原文第二段"While he was waiting for the doctors, he shouted to neighbours aloud for help"可知，等待医生的过程中约翰向邻居大声求助。选项B“一直和父母待在房间里”、D“喊祖父母过来”原文无提及，选项C“独自把父母搬到室外”表述错误，是邻居赶来后一起把父母抬到室外的，因此选A。
4. 细节理解题：定位原文最后一段约翰的表述"But our school has lessons about safety every week"，可知约翰的学校每周都开设安全教育课程。选项A“约翰的祖父母也被送进医院”、选项D“事故后约翰受到学校表扬”原文无提及，选项B“事故发生时天气很热”表述错误，原文说明事故发生在寒冷的冬夜，因此选C。
5. 标题概括题：全文通过约翰依靠学校学到的安全知识成功自救、救下全家的故事，最后直接点明安全教育的重要性，核心主题是强调安全教育的价值。选项B“睡前开窗”只是约翰的一个小行为，选项C“孩子对父母的爱”不是全文核心，选项D“如何正确拨打急救电话”过于片面，都不能概括全文主旨，因此选A。
【答案】
1.D 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.A
【知识点】
细节信息定位，人物特质推理，主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本题贴合人身安全自我保护的实用主题，难度适中，既考察学生快速抓取原文关键信息的阅读能力，也能引导学生掌握一氧化碳中毒的自救常识，理解安全教育的现实意义，绝大多数细节题都可以直接在原文找到对应依据，仅主旨题需要学生排除片面的干扰项，整体区分度合理。
【难度系数】
0.7