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（原创）Our body isn't just human—it's home to trillions of microorganisms（微生物）found in or on us. In fact, there are more bacteria（细菌）in our gut（肠道）than there are stars in the Milky Way. These bacteria are essential for human health, but scientists are still figuring out exactly what they do and how they help.
In a new study, published in Nature Microbiology, my colleagues and I explored how certain gut bacteria can protect us from harmful ones—a group known as Enterobacteriaceae.
These bacteria include species such as Escherichia coli（E. coli）. This is normally harmless in small amounts but can cause infections and other health problems if it grows too much.
We found that our gut environment—shaped by things like diet—plays a big role in keeping potentially（潜在地）harmful bacteria in check.
To reach this conclusion, we analyzed over 12,000 stool samples（粪便样本）from people in 45 countries. Using DNA sequencing technologies, we were able to identify（识别）and quantify the bacteria detected in each sample. We found that the gut microbiome composition of people with Enterobacteriaceae was fundamentally different from those without.
By analyzing these bacteria and their genes, we could correctly predict（about 80% of the time）whether someone had Enterobacteriaceae in their gut. This showed us that the types of bacteria in our gut are closely tied to whether harmful species can take over.
Digging further we discovered two groups of bacteria: those that worked alongside Enterobacteriaceae, so-called "co-colonizers", and those that were seldom found together—"co-excluders".
One type of co-excluder bacteria, called Faecalibacterium, stood out as particularly important. It produces chemicals called short-chain fatty acids by breaking down many kinds of fibers in our diet. This in turn can stop harmful bacteria like Enterobacteriaceae from growing.
In summary, our research explored the vital importance of gut bacteria in safeguarding our health. By examining stool samples and analyzing bacterial interactions, we've uncovered a complex ecosystem within us.
1. 新考法 写作手法 How does the author begin discussing the topic?
A. By telling a story.
B. By listing numbers.
C. By stating facts.
D. By asking a question.
2. The underlined word "quantify" in Paragraph 5 probably means "
A. 分类 B. 测量 C. 标记 D. 毁坏
3. 语言能力 归纳能力 What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The discovery of new gut bacteria.
B. The importance of diet in shaping our gut environment.
C. The role of gut bacteria in safeguarding our health.
D. The use of DNA sequencing technologies in medical research.
（原创）Our body isn't just human—it's home to trillions of microorganisms（微生物）found in or on us. In fact, there are more bacteria（细菌）in our gut（肠道）than there are stars in the Milky Way. These bacteria are essential for human health, but scientists are still figuring out exactly what they do and how they help.
In a new study, published in Nature Microbiology, my colleagues and I explored how certain gut bacteria can protect us from harmful ones—a group known as Enterobacteriaceae.
These bacteria include species such as Escherichia coli（E. coli）. This is normally harmless in small amounts but can cause infections and other health problems if it grows too much.
We found that our gut environment—shaped by things like diet—plays a big role in keeping potentially（潜在地）harmful bacteria in check.
To reach this conclusion, we analyzed over 12,000 stool samples（粪便样本）from people in 45 countries. Using DNA sequencing technologies, we were able to identify（识别）and quantify the bacteria detected in each sample. We found that the gut microbiome composition of people with Enterobacteriaceae was fundamentally different from those without.
By analyzing these bacteria and their genes, we could correctly predict（about 80% of the time）whether someone had Enterobacteriaceae in their gut. This showed us that the types of bacteria in our gut are closely tied to whether harmful species can take over.
Digging further we discovered two groups of bacteria: those that worked alongside Enterobacteriaceae, so-called "co-colonizers", and those that were seldom found together—"co-excluders".
One type of co-excluder bacteria, called Faecalibacterium, stood out as particularly important. It produces chemicals called short-chain fatty acids by breaking down many kinds of fibers in our diet. This in turn can stop harmful bacteria like Enterobacteriaceae from growing.
In summary, our research explored the vital importance of gut bacteria in safeguarding our health. By examining stool samples and analyzing bacterial interactions, we've uncovered a complex ecosystem within us.
1. 新考法 写作手法 How does the author begin discussing the topic?
A. By telling a story.
B. By listing numbers.
C. By stating facts.
D. By asking a question.
2. The underlined word "quantify" in Paragraph 5 probably means "
B
" in Chinese.A. 分类 B. 测量 C. 标记 D. 毁坏
3. 语言能力 归纳能力 What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The discovery of new gut bacteria.
B. The importance of diet in shaping our gut environment.
C. The role of gut bacteria in safeguarding our health.
D. The use of DNA sequencing technologies in medical research.
答案
1.C 2.B 3.C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了肠道细菌对人体健康至关重要，新研究发现特定细菌可以保护我们免受有害细菌侵害，揭示了肠道细菌生态系统的重要性。
1. C 解析：写作手法题。根据文章开头“Our body isn't just human—it's home to trillions of microorganisms found in or on us. In fact, there are more bacteria in our gut than there are stars in the Milky Way.”可知，作者通过陈述一些事实来开始讨论这个话题，即人体不仅是人类的，还是数万亿微生物的栖息地，肠道内的细菌数量惊人。故选C。
2. B 解析：词义猜测题。根据“Using DNA sequencing technologies, we were able to identify and quantify the bacteria detected in each sample.”可知，通过使用DNA测序技术，研究者能够识别和测量每个样本中的细菌。因此，“quantify”在这里指的是对细菌进行量化或测量。故选B。
3. C 解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段“These bacteria are essential for human health ...”和最后一段“our research explored the vital importance of gut bacteria in safeguarding our health”可知，文章探讨了肠道细菌在维护人类健康中的重要性，原文多次提到肠道细菌及其作用。故选C。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了肠道细菌对人体健康至关重要，新研究发现特定细菌可以保护我们免受有害细菌侵害，揭示了肠道细菌生态系统的重要性。
1. C 解析：写作手法题。根据文章开头“Our body isn't just human—it's home to trillions of microorganisms found in or on us. In fact, there are more bacteria in our gut than there are stars in the Milky Way.”可知，作者通过陈述一些事实来开始讨论这个话题，即人体不仅是人类的，还是数万亿微生物的栖息地，肠道内的细菌数量惊人。故选C。
2. B 解析：词义猜测题。根据“Using DNA sequencing technologies, we were able to identify and quantify the bacteria detected in each sample.”可知，通过使用DNA测序技术，研究者能够识别和测量每个样本中的细菌。因此，“quantify”在这里指的是对细菌进行量化或测量。故选B。
3. C 解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段“These bacteria are essential for human health ...”和最后一段“our research explored the vital importance of gut bacteria in safeguarding our health”可知，文章探讨了肠道细菌在维护人类健康中的重要性，原文多次提到肠道细菌及其作用。故选C。
解析
【分析】第1题考查写作手法，需定位文章开头内容，判断作者引入话题的方式；第2题考查词义猜测，需结合上下文语境，分析与“identify”并列的“quantify”的含义；第3题考查主旨大意，需梳理文章首尾段及核心内容，提炼主旨。
【解析】1. 写作手法题：文章开头“Our body isn't just human—it's home to trillions of microorganisms...there are more bacteria in our gut than there are stars in the Milky Way”是陈述客观事实，因此作者通过陈述事实引入话题，选C。2. 词义猜测题：根据“identify and quantify the bacteria”的并列结构，“identify”意为“识别”，结合研究语境，“quantify”应表示对细菌的测量，故选B。3. 主旨大意题：文章首尾段均强调肠道细菌对维护人类健康的重要性，核心围绕肠道细菌的健康保护作用展开，故选C。
【答案】1.C 2.B 3.C
【知识点】阅读理解写作手法、词义猜测、主旨大意
【点评】本题为说明文阅读理解，考查学生对写作手法、词义猜测及主旨大意的基础阅读能力，需学生准确提取原文关键信息，结合语境分析，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.3
【解析】1. 写作手法题：文章开头“Our body isn't just human—it's home to trillions of microorganisms...there are more bacteria in our gut than there are stars in the Milky Way”是陈述客观事实，因此作者通过陈述事实引入话题，选C。2. 词义猜测题：根据“identify and quantify the bacteria”的并列结构，“identify”意为“识别”，结合研究语境，“quantify”应表示对细菌的测量，故选B。3. 主旨大意题：文章首尾段均强调肠道细菌对维护人类健康的重要性，核心围绕肠道细菌的健康保护作用展开，故选C。
【答案】1.C 2.B 3.C
【知识点】阅读理解写作手法、词义猜测、主旨大意
【点评】本题为说明文阅读理解，考查学生对写作手法、词义猜测及主旨大意的基础阅读能力，需学生准确提取原文关键信息，结合语境分析，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.3
