三、阅读教材 P84 ~ P85 的课文，完成短文填空
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余选项。
but because cheap an silent by cause long-lasting former easy tie tiny
Plastic was invented around the 1860s. People thought it was amazing because it was light, easy to shape, long-lasting and . It quickly replaced wood and other materials. Many people believed it would make life better and even called it "environmental hero".
Today, plastic is everywhere. It's useful, it has a dark side. Since the 1960s, plastic waste in oceans has become a danger to sea animals. For example, whales eat it mistake and die. This "hero" kills over 100,000 sea animals yearly. By 2050, there might be more plastic than fish in the sea by weight.
On land, plastic also problems. Birds' wings get in plastic lines. Bears' heads get stuck in plastic bins. Cows mistake plastic bags for food. Even humans eat about 5 grams of plastic weekly. Tiny plastic pieces are found in the air we breathe and even reach the North and South Poles. Nowhere is free from plastic.
Plastic waste doesn't disappear . It takes thousands of years to break down. Burning it doesn't help it causes air pollution.
Plastic isn't just an environmental problem. It's a problem for humans and the earth. We only have one planet. Let's use plastic wisely!
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

1. cheap
2. an
3. but
4. by
5. former
6. causes
7. tied
8. easily
9. because
10. long-lasting

【分析】
首先通读全文把握主旨：文章围绕塑料的发展展开，从最初被视为优质材料到如今带来诸多危害。解题时需结合每个空的上下文语境，从方框内选词，同时考虑词形变化（如动词第三人称单数、副词、过去分词等）和固定搭配，确保所选词符合语法和语义逻辑。
【解析】
1. 第一个空：前文列举塑料的优点（light、easy to shape、long-lasting），需填形容词，方框内的cheap符合语境，故填cheap。
2. 第二个空：“environmental hero”是泛指的单数名词短语，且environmental以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an，故填an。
3. 第三个空：前半句说塑料有用，后半句提及它有“dark side”，是转折关系，用连词but，故填but。
4. 第四个空：固定搭配by mistake意为“错误地”，符合“鲸鱼误食塑料”的语境，故填by。
5. 第五个空：前文提到塑料曾被称为“environmental hero”，现在却带来危害，需填形容词former（以前的），故填former。
6. 第六个空：主语this指代塑料，是第三人称单数，一般现在时中动词cause需用第三人称单数形式causes，故填causes。
7. 第七个空：固定搭配get tied in意为“被缠住”，tie的过去分词是tied，故填tied。
8. 第八个空：修饰动词disappear需用副词，easy的副词形式是easily，故填easily。
9. 第九个空：前半句说燃烧塑料没用，后半句说明原因（造成空气污染），用连词because，故填because。
10. 第十个空：结合前文塑料分解需数千年，可知它是对人类和地球的长期问题，方框内的long-lasting符合，故填long-lasting。
【答案】
1. cheap
2. an
3. but
4. by
5. former
6. causes
7. tied
8. easily
9. because
10. long-lasting
【知识点】
英语词汇运用、固定搭配、词形变化
【点评】
本题为短文填空，考查学生对词汇的语境运用、固定搭配及词形变化的掌握，需结合上下文逻辑和语法规则解题，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6

名师点拨
It takes (sb)+时间+to do sth. 的用法
It may take hundreds of years to break down. 塑料废物可能需要数百年才能分解。（教材P85）
句型“It takes (sb)+时间+to do sth.”意为“做某事花费（某人）多长时间”。其中it作形式主语，to do sth作真正的主语。如：
It takes me two hours to do my homework every day. 我每天花两个小时的时间做家庭作业。
专练
()1. It about half an hour to the airport.

A.spends; to get
B.takes; to get
C.spends; getting
2. 做这个模型花了我很长时间。（根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词）
a long time the model.

1. B
2. It took me；to make

【分析】首先明确核心句型“It takes sb +时间+to do sth”的用法：it作形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式短语，主语为it时用take；而spend的主语必须是人，句型为“sb spends +时间/钱 + (in) doing sth/on sth”。第1题主语是It，需用take的第三人称单数形式takes，后接不定式to get，据此选B；第2题根据汉语，结合句型，因动作已发生用过去式took，依次对应填入It took me、to make。
【解析】1. 区分take与spend的用法：take的主语为形式主语it，构成“It takes sb +时间+to do sth”；spend的主语是人，构成“sb spends... (in) doing sth/on sth”。本题主语为It，故用takes，后接不定式to get，因此选B。2. 运用句型“It takes sb +时间+to do sth”，结合汉语“做这个模型”是过去发生的动作，take用过去式took，“我”对应me，“做”对应make，故依次填It took me、to make。
【答案】1.B；2. It took me；to make
【知识点】take的句型用法；spend的句型用法；句型运用
【点评】本题围绕核心句型“It takes sb +时间+to do sth”展开，考查take与spend的用法区别及句型的实际运用，属于基础知识点，难度不大，适合巩固基础。
【难度系数】0.7