2026年上海作业五年级英语上册沪教版五四制第80页答案
(
A
)1. This is Charles Darwin,
a
scientist who wrote On the Origin of Species.

A.a
B.an
C.the

答案

1.A

解析

【分析】本题考查冠词的用法,需先判断空格处是泛指还是特指,再结合不定冠词a/an的选择规则解题。句子意为“这是查尔斯·达尔文,一位写了《物种起源》的科学家”,此处是泛指“一位科学家”,并非特指某一位,因此用不定冠词;再看scientist的首音素,其发音以辅音音素开头,故选用a,排除用于元音音素开头的an和表特指的the,得出答案。
【解析】空格处修饰可数名词scientist,表泛指“一位科学家”,需用不定冠词;scientist的读音为/ˈsaɪəntɪst/,首音素为辅音音素/s/,因此用不定冠词a;the用于特指,不符合语境,an用于元音音素开头的单词前,也不符合,所以选A。
【答案】A
【知识点】不定冠词的用法
【点评】本题考查英语基础冠词的用法,核心是区分泛指与特指,以及掌握a/an的选择依据,属于简单的基础题型。
【难度系数】0.8
(
B
)2 Gu Fangzhou is known
as
the "Grandpa of the sugar pill".

A.for
B.as
C.to

答案

2.B

解析

【分析】这道题考查英语中be known的固定搭配用法,解题时需区分三个不同介词搭配的含义:be known as意为“作为……而出名”,后接身份、称号类名词;be known for意为“因……而出名”,后接出名的原因;be known to意为“为……所熟知”,后接人。结合句意,此处“the 'Grandpa of the sugar pill'”是顾方舟的称号,符合be known as的用法,据此可得出答案。
【解析】本题考查固定短语辨析。be known as用于表示“作为……而出名”,后接身份、称号等;be known for用于表示“因……而出名”,后接出名的原因;be known to用于表示“为……所了解”,后接对象。句中“the 'Grandpa of the sugar pill'”是称号,故选用介词as,答案为B。
【答案】B
【知识点】固定搭配;介词辨析
【点评】本题为基础词汇辨析题,主要考查be known相关的固定搭配,难度较低,只要牢记不同介词搭配的含义即可轻松作答。
【难度系数】0.2
(
C
)3. Qian Xuesen was interested
in
space.

A.on
B.at
C.in

答案

3.C

解析

【分析】本题考查英语固定搭配的用法,首先回忆“be interested in”是固定短语,意为“对……感兴趣”,是英语中常用的表达,后面接感兴趣的对象。题目中表达“钱学森对太空感兴趣”,空格处需要填入介词构成该固定搭配,因此应选in。
【解析】“be interested in”是固定搭配,用于表示“对……感兴趣”,其中介词in不可替换为其他选项的on或at。结合句子语境,此处需用介词in,故答案为C。
【答案】C
【知识点】英语固定搭配;介词用法
【点评】本题属于英语基础知识点考查,核心是牢记常用固定搭配,难度较低,学生只要掌握该短语即可快速选出正确答案。
【难度系数】0.8
(
B
)4. Qian Xuesen is a great scientist. I want to be a scientist like
him
in the future.

A.he
B.him
C.his

答案

4.B

解析

【分析】本题考查人称代词的用法,需明确介词后要用人称代词的宾格形式。先判断句中“like”的词性,此处“like”是介词,意为“像”,介词后面需要接人称代词的宾格作宾语,再结合选项分析即可得出答案。
【解析】句中“like”为介词,意为“像”,介词后需接人称代词的宾格作宾语。A选项“he”是人称代词主格,在句中作主语;B选项“him”是人称代词宾格,可作介词的宾语;C选项“his”是物主代词,不符合此处语法要求。因此选B。
【答案】B
【知识点】人称代词宾格用法
【点评】本题是英语语法中的基础考点,考查介词后人称代词的宾格形式,属于简单题,学生只要掌握人称代词主格、宾格及物主代词的区别即可轻松解答。
【难度系数】0.8
(
B
)5. If you want to
invent
a new product, you should first do a lot of research.

A.invention
B.invent
C.find

答案

5.B

解析

【分析】
本题考查词汇辨析和固定搭配的用法。首先根据固定搭配“want to do sth(想要做某事)”确定空格处需填动词原形,再结合语境区分易混动词的词义,排除不符合要求的选项。
【解析】
1. 语法判断:固定搭配“want to do sth”中,to后需接动词原形,因此排除名词选项A(invention是名词,意为“发明”)。
2. 词义辨析:选项C“find”意为“找到、发现”,不符合“创造新产品”的语境;选项B“invent”是动词,意为“发明”,契合句子“如果你想发明一个新产品,你应该先做大量研究”的语义及语法要求。
【答案】
B
【知识点】
动词辨析;固定搭配(want to do)
【点评】
本题为基础词汇题,重点考查动词形式和词义辨析,需掌握常见固定搭配及易混动词的用法,难度较低,适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.3
Ⅲ. Read and write(根据首字母提示补全句子)
1. My sister is very c
reative
. She always comes up with new ideas.
2. Do you want to e
xplore
the old forest behind their house?
3. Edison's greatest i
nvention
, the light bulb, came from thousands of failures.
4. Sometimes a great discovery happens by accident. Penicillin(青霉素) was d
iscovered
when Fleming was cleaning his lab.

答案

1.creative 2.explore 3.invention 4.discovered

解析

【分析】本题要求根据首字母提示和句子语境补全单词,需结合每句的语义逻辑匹配对应词义的单词,再结合首字母确定正确词汇。
【解析】1. 由后句“always comes up with new ideas(总能想出新点子)”可知,此处需表达“有创造力的”,首字母为c,故填creative;2. 句子意为“你想探索他们房子后面的老森林吗?”,首字母为e,故填explore;3. 爱迪生的伟大“发明”是灯泡,首字母为i,故填invention;4. 青霉素是被发现的,此处为被动语态,首字母为d,故填discovered。
【答案】1.creative 2.explore 3.invention 4.discovered
【知识点】英语词汇运用、动词被动语态、名词词义
【点评】本题考查根据语境及首字母提示填写正确英语单词,侧重基础词汇的掌握,需结合句子逻辑判断词义,难度适中。
【难度系数】0.5
Ⅳ. Read and judge(阅读短文,判断句子是否与短文内容相符,相符的写"T",不相符的写"F")
Tu Youyou is a great scientist who discovered artemisinin, a medicine that saves millions of malaria patients. She tested the drug on herself when its safety was still uncertain. And it was proved that the medicine is safe for humans. Her work not only saved countless lives but also showed the scientific value of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). She once said, "TCM is a great treasure(宝藏) that should be explored and upgraded." Tu Youyou is modest and persistent. She lived by her words and devoted her whole life to science. In 2015,she won the Nobel Prize for her great contribution.
(
T
)1. Artemisinin is a medicine that saves millions of malaria patients.
(
F
)2. Tu Youyou tested the drug on herself only after it had been proven safe through animal experiments.
(
T
)3. Tu Youyou's work proved that traditional Chinese medicine is valuable.
(
F
)4. Tu Youyou believed that traditional Chinese medicine is a great treasure and should be preserved without any change.
(
T
)5. Tu Youyou's decision to test the drug on herself was an act of selflessness and responsibility.

答案

1. T
2. F 解析:原文说"在药物安全性尚不确定的情况下,主动提出亲自试药",没有提及动物实验。而且"only after it had been proven safe"与原文矛盾。
3. T
4. F 解析:原文:"应当发掘并加以提高",说明需要进一步研究和提升,而不是"preserved without any change"。
5. T

解析

【分析】
做这类阅读判断题目,需先通读短文理解大意,再逐题将题目句子与原文对应内容进行比对,重点关注关键词、条件等细节,判断是否相符,相符选T,不相符选F。
【解析】
1. 题目句子“Artemisinin is a medicine that saves millions of malaria patients”与原文第一句“Tu Youyou is a great scientist who discovered artemisinin, a medicine that saves millions of malaria patients”内容一致,故判断为T。
2. 题目中“only after it had been proven safe through animal experiments”与原文“She tested the drug on herself when its safety was still uncertain”矛盾,原文是药物安全性不确定时就试药,且未提及动物实验,故判断为F。
3. 题目句子“Tu Youyou's work proved that traditional Chinese medicine is valuable”对应原文“Her work...showed the scientific value of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)”,内容相符,故判断为T。
4. 题目中“preserved without any change”与原文“TCM...should be explored and upgraded”不符,原文强调要发掘和提升,而非不做改变保留,故判断为F。
5. 结合原文她在安全性不确定时亲自试药、一生奉献科学的描述,可知其行为是无私且有责任感的,题目表述相符,故判断为T。
【答案】
1.T 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.T
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解
【点评】
本题为英语阅读判断类题目,考查学生对短文细节的理解与比对能力,需准确抓取原文关键信息,避免被干扰表述误导,难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7