四、根据课本第46、47页1b的语篇内容，完成下面的表格。
How One Girl Saved Many Lives

|Background
● Date: 1.
● Persons: Tilly Smith (a 10 - year - old English schoolgirl) and her family
● Place: 2.
● Scene: Everyone was enjoying the 3. that morning.
Some people were swimming in the sea, and some were relaxing on the beach.|
|Event development
● Tilly saw 4. was forming on top of the waves. The waves were coming in instead of going out.
● Tilly remembered her geography teacher's lesson — 5. could create tsunamis.|
|Action
● Tilly cried, "I know what's going to happen! There's going to be a big wave."
● Tilly's family didn't believe her at first. Her mother decided to 6. , and the rest of her family returned to the hotel.
● Tilly's father told a 7. about the tsunami.
The guard was shocked and rushed to get people off the beach.|
|Result
● Tilly's family 8. just as the water hit the hotel.
● The 2004 tsunami caused 9. , but no one on the beach died that day.|
|What we learn from the true story
A single lesson could mean the difference 10. .|

1. 26 December 2004 2. Phuket, Thailand
3. beautiful weather 4. thick white froth
5. earthquakes under the sea 6. continue the walk alone 7. security guard
8. made it to safety 9. over 200,000 deaths 10. between life and death

【解析】
本题要求根据课本第46、47页1b的指定语篇内容完成表格填写，需精准定位语篇中的细节信息，将对应的内容填入表格空缺处。
【答案】
1. 26 December 2004
2. Phuket, Thailand
3. beautiful weather
4. thick white froth
5. earthquakes under the sea
6. continue the walk alone
7. security guard
8. made it to safety
9. over 200,000 deaths
10. between life and death
【知识点】
语篇细节提取、阅读理解定位
【点评】
本题依托课本语篇，重点考查学生对语篇细节信息的捕捉与提取能力，引导学生关注文本中的关键要素，同时也能让学生从故事中学习防灾知识，兼具知识性与教育性。
【难度系数】
0.8

五、根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
Tsunamis are usually caused by earthquakes under the sea. Underwater volcanic eruptions (火山爆发) or landslides can also cause them. The waves can travel extremely fast across the deep ocean, at the speed of up to 800 kilometres per hour. They bring great damage to coastal areas when they reach the coast.
One of the most famous tsunamis happened in Japan in 2011. It was caused by a very strong 9.0 - magnitude earthquake near the Tohoku coast. The huge waves, as high as 40 metres, destroyed coastal towns. Many houses were washed away, and thousands of people died. The disaster badly damaged the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Radioactive leaks (放射性物质泄漏) from it brought long - term worries about the environment around the world.
Another big and harmful tsunami was the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. It started from a 9.1 - magnitude earthquake near Indonesia's Sumatra Island. Its powerful waves moved fast across the ocean and hit 14 countries, including Thailand's popular tourist areas and Sri Lanka's coastal places. The disaster killed over 230,000 people, making it one of the most serious natural disasters in recent human history.
In 1964, a powerful tsunami hit Alaska, America. It destroyed many towns and caused serious floods. Even places as far as California felt its effects. Today, scientists use special tools to watch for signs of tsunamis. This helps warn people early, so they can move to safe places.
() 1. What was the primary cause of the 2011 tsunami in Japan?
A. A 9.0 - magnitude earthquake.
B. A landslide in the deep ocean.
C. An underwater volcanic eruption.
D. Radioactive leaks from a power plant.
() 2. What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The 2011 Japan tsunami.
B. Sri Lanka's coastal places.
C. The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami.
D. Thailand's popular tourist areas.
() 3. What is the main purpose of scientists watching for signs of tsunamis?
A. To study the effects of tsunamis on sealife.
B. To give people early warning to leave.
C. To prevent earthquakes from happening.
D. To measure the exact speed of the waves.
() 4. What is the text mainly about?
A. The history of nuclear power plants in Japan.
B. The causes, effects and examples of tsunamis.
C. A travel guide to coastal towns in Alaska.
D. How to build houses that can survive earthquakes.
() 5. Where can we probably read this text?
A. In an ad for a vacation in Thailand.
B. In a comic book about sea monsters.
C. In a personal diary of a tsunami survivor.
D. In a science book about natural disasters.

1—5 ACBBD

【解析】
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“It was caused by a very strong 9.0 - magnitude earthquake near the Tohoku coast.”可知，2011年日本海啸的主要成因是9.0级地震，故选A。
2. 代词指代题。第三段主要介绍2004年印度洋海啸，前文提到“The disaster killed over 230,000 people”，这里的“it”指代这场2004年印度洋海啸，故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Today, scientists use special tools to watch for signs of tsunamis. This helps warn people early, so they can move to safe places.”可知，科学家监测海啸迹象的目的是提前预警，让人们转移到安全地带，故选B。
4. 主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍海啸的成因和危害，后三段列举了三次重大海啸的实例，因此本文主要讲述海啸的成因、影响及相关实例，故选B。
5. 推理判断题。本文是关于海啸这种自然灾害的科普介绍，因此最有可能出现在介绍自然灾害的科学书籍中，故选D。
【答案】
1—5 ACBBD
【知识点】
细节理解题解法、代词指代判断、主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本文围绕海啸展开，结合具体灾害实例介绍了海啸的成因、危害及预警手段，考查学生对细节信息的抓取、代词指代的逻辑判断和文章主旨的归纳能力，同时能帮助学生了解自然灾害相关科普知识。
【难度系数】
0.7